Asteroidea

Pro subfamilia plantarum florentium, vide "Asteroideae".

Imago asteroideum exErnesti HaeckelopereFormis Artis Naturae,eianno 1904factis

Animalia—Echinodermata

Subphylum:Asterozoa
Classis:Asteroidea
De Blainville,1830

Palaeontologia

Aevum Ordovicicum–praesens

Subdivisiones:Ordines

Brisingida

Forcipulatida
Notomyotida
Paxillosida
Spinulosida
Valvatida
Velatida Calliasterellidae†

Trichasteropsida†

Asteroidea,vulgo aliquandostellae marinae,^[1]^[2]^[3]suntanimalia marina subphyli Asterozoorum phyli Echindermatorum.^[4]

Descriptio

Asteroidea aspectustellaesimilia sunt, itaque his duobus nominibus appellantur. Sunt circa 1800species vivae,quae in omnibus orbis terrarumoceanisinveniuntur, inter quos oceaniAtlanticus,Pacificus,Indicus,et regiones oceanorumArcticietAustralis(h.e., anteAntarcticam). Asteroidea fiunt trans latam profunditatis varietatem, a zona interaestusadzonam abyssalem^?(plus 6000 m).

Asteroidea sunt inter familiarissimaanimalium marinorum,quibus sunt aliquae proprietates late notae, inter quasregeneratioatqueMytilidaecomesae. Eis sunt permultaecorporisformae et rationes edendi. Gradus quo Asteroidea se regenerare possuntspecievariatur. Sensu lato, asteroidea commoditatis gratiavescuntur,et nonnullis speciebus sunt peculiares vescendi mores, inter quospascendum suspendendi^?(Anglicesuspension feeding) etpraedatiopraedae propriae.

Asteroidea nonnullas personas graves inoecologiaetbiologiaagunt.Pisaster ochraceuset species similes ut exemplum notionisspecies clavisin oecologia late cognitae sunt.Acanthaster plancitropicusest edaxcuralii praedatorper regionemIndo-Pacificam.Alia asteroidea, sicutgenera Asterinidarum,saepe in biologiaevolutionisadhibentur.

Classificatio

InfraclassisConcentricycloidea
- ordoPeripodida
  - familiaXyloplacidaeBaker, Rowe & Clark, 1986
SuperordoForcipulatacea
- ordoBrisingida
  - familiaBrisingidaeG.O. Sars, 1875
  - familiaFreyellidaeDowney, 1986
- ordoForcipulatida
  - familiaAsteriidaeGray, 1840
  - familiaHeliasteridaeViguier, 1878
  - familiaPedicellasteridaePerrier, 1884
  - familiaPycnopodiidaeFisher, 1928
  - familiaStichasteridae
  - familiaZoroasteridaeSladen, 1889
SuperordoSpinulosacea
- ordoSpinulosida
  - familiaEchinasteridaeVerrill, 1870
SuperordoValvatacea
- ordoNotomyotida
  - familiaBenthopectinidaeVerrill, 1899
- ordoPaxillosida
  - familiaAstropectinidaeGray, 1840
  - familiaCtenodiscidaeSladen, 1889
  - familiaGoniopectinidaeVerrill, 1889
  - familiaLuidiidaeSladen, 1889
  - familiaPorcellanasteridaeSladen, 1883
  - familiaPseudarchasteridae
  - familiaRadiasteridaeFisher, 1916
- ordoValvatida
  - familiaAcanthasteridae[Sladen, 1889]
  - familiaArchasteridaeViguier, 1878
  - familiaAsterinidaeGray, 1840
  - familiaAsterodiscididaeRowe, 1977
  - familiaAsteropseidaeHotchkiss & Clark, 1976
  - familiaChaetasteridaeSladen, 1889
  - familiaGaneriidaeSladen, 1889
  - familiaGoniasteridaeForbes, 1841
  - familiaLeilasteridaeJangoux & Aziz, 1988
  - familiaMithrodiidaeViguier, 1878
  - familiaOdontasteridaeVerrill, 1899
  - familiaOphidiasteridaeVerrill, 1870
  - familiaOreasteridaeFisher, 1911
  - familiaPodosphaerasteridaeFujita & Rowe, 2002
  - familiaPoraniidaePerrier, 1875
  - familiaSolasteridaeViguier, 1878
- ordoVelatida
  - familiaCaymanostellidaeBelyaev, 1974
  - familiaKorethrasteridaeDanielssen & Koren, 1884
  - familiaMyxasteridaePerrier, 1885
  - familiaPterasteridaePerrier, 1875

Pinacotheca

Magnum asteroideumrubruminKomodo National Park Indonesiae
Asteroideum inKomodo National Park Indonesiae
Acanthaster planciinTimoria Orientali
Pycnopodia helianthoides,maxima stella marinaorbe terrarum,hic inpiscina inter aestusinCaliforniasita visa
Fromia monilisMauritiae
Coscinasterias calamaria
Asteroideum inMari Albo Russiae
Inpiscina inter aestusubiscorpaeniformisLeptasteridem hexactiscomedit
Linckia laevigatainPapua Nova Guinea
Pisaster ochraceusinlitoreinOlympic National Park Civitatum Foederatarum
Pisaster ochraceusinBamfield Canadae
Astropecten articulatusinlitore
Linckia guildingiinMeedhupparuhouse reefinInsulis Maldivis
Pisaster giganteus
Pedestubiformes hic videri possunt
Oreaster reticulatus,Cancun,Mexico
Oceanus Pacificus,Cannon Beach,Oregoniae Civitatum Foederatarum
Culcita schmidelianasuperMeedhupparu scopulum curaliiinInsulis Maldivis
Protoreaster linckii,stella marina exOceano Indico
Cutisstellae marinae
Verua asteroideorum,Hippocamporum,etscorpionumutcibus viariusinSinis

Nexus interni

Stella

Notae

↑Georgius Everhardus Rumphius,D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, krefften, en diergelyke zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche Zee vindt: daar benevens zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van aarde, die in d'Amboinsche en zommige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden,ed. 2a (Amstelodami: Jan Roman de Jonge, 1741), prima editio, 1705. VidePlate XV: Stella Marina, Zeesterren (Asteroidea, Starfish, Sea Star species).
↑"Chapter 34. Of the Stella Marina. Bintang Laut.1. I translated Rumphius' Latin name as 'Sea Stars,' a locution once just as common as 'Starfish' is now.... In Malay it means the same thing:bintang= star, andlaut= sea. "Georgius Everhardus Rumphius,The Ambonese Curiosity Cabinet,liber in Anglicum conversus, editus, adnotatus ab E. M. Beekman (Portu Novi: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 412.
↑"The first reference Weber could find to the starfish was made by Rumphius in 1705, who referred to it asStella marina quindecium[sic]radiorum"---Jan Sapp,What Is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis(Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 219.
↑Rich Mooi,"Classification of the Extant Echinodermata."California Academy of Sciences.

Bibliographia

Blake, D. B., et T. E. Guensburg.2005.Implications of a new early Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata) for the phylogeny of Asterozoans.Journal of Paleontology79(2):395-399.
Gilbertson, Lance.1999.Zoology Lab Manual.Ed. 4a. Novi Eboraci: McGraw Hill Companies.ISBN 007237716X.
Shackleton, Juliette D.2005.Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms.Journal of Systematic Palaeontology3(1):29-114.
Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg, et D. W. Martin.2002.Biology.Ed. 6a.
Sutton M.D., D. E. G. Briggs, D. J. Siveter, D. J. Gladwell.2005A starfish with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts from the Silurian of England.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences272(1567):1001-1006.
Hickman C. P, L. S. Roberts, A. Larson, H. l'Anson, et D. J. Eisenhour.2006.Integrated Principles of Zoology.Ed. 13a. Novi Eboraci: McGraw Hill.ISBN 0071115935.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communiaplura habent quae adasteroideaspectant.

Vide"asteroidea"apudVicispecies.

Classificatio Echinodermatum Exstantiumapud situm calacademy.org
De Asteroideisapud situm users.on.net (Starfish–Sea Stars)
De detrimento Echinodermatibus a pollutione olei effectoapud ocean.si.edu
De ordineapud situm tolweb.org (Propositum Arboris Vitae)
Photographemata Asteroideorumapud situm starfish.ch.c-invertebrates/seesterne.html

HaecstipulaadEchinodermatumspectat.Amplifica,si potes!

[1] Georgius Everhardus Rumphius,D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, krefften, en diergelyke zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche Zee vindt: daar benevens zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van aarde, die in d'Amboinsche en zommige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden,ed. 2a (Amstelodami: Jan Roman de Jonge, 1741), prima editio, 1705. VidePlate XV: Stella Marina, Zeesterren (Asteroidea, Starfish, Sea Star species).

[2] "Chapter 34. Of the Stella Marina. Bintang Laut.1. I translated Rumphius' Latin name as 'Sea Stars,' a locution once just as common as 'Starfish' is now.... In Malay it means the same thing:bintang= star, andlaut= sea. "Georgius Everhardus Rumphius,The Ambonese Curiosity Cabinet,liber in Anglicum conversus, editus, adnotatus ab E. M. Beekman (Portu Novi: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 412.

[3] "The first reference Weber could find to the starfish was made by Rumphius in 1705, who referred to it asStella marina quindecium[sic]radiorum"---Jan Sapp,What Is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis(Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 219.

[4] Rich Mooi,"Classification of the Extant Echinodermata."California Academy of Sciences.

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