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Positivismus logicus

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Aditus seminarii mathematiciUniversitatis Vindobonensis(Boltzmanngasse 5), ubi Circulus Vindobonensis convenire solebat.

Positivismus logicusetempirismus logicus,ex quibus exstititneopositivismus,inphilosophia occidentalifuerunt doctrinae, quae principiaverificationisprotulerunt, id esttheoriam epistemologicam,quae significationemcognitivamnegat propositionibus esse nisi observatione empirica comprobari possunt. Qui motus philosophicusannis 1920et1930in multis sedibus floruit. Ad prohibendam confusionem in dictione obscura et coniecturis inprobabilibus insidentem capti sunt conatus ad philosophiam in hanc novam "philosophiam scientificam" mutandam, quae cum optimis exemplaribus scientiae empiricae, sicutrelativitate generaliEinsteiniana,communicaret.[1]Circulus BerolinensisetCirculus Vindobonensispositivismum logicum annis 1920 exeuntibus proposuerunt.

Ludovicus Wittgensteinanno1930.

Positivistae logici,Ludovici WittgensteinTractatum Logico-Philosophicuminterpretantes, principium confirmationis normamque significationis cognitivae agnoverunt. ExlogicismoBertrandi Russell,mathematicamad logicam redigere conabantur, cumatomismo logicoRusselliano,phaenomenalismoErnesti Mach(nummenssolamexperientiamsensoriam veram aut capacem sciat, quae res contentae omniumscientiarumest, sivephysicasivepsychologia), et cogitationesPercy Bridgmanquas aliioperationalismumappellabant. Ea re, solum res percognitionemsignificantes quae comprobari poterant scientificae, quandoquidem res quae comprobari non possunt erant dicta falsa, non physica, cognitione carentes (nummetaphysica,animi motus,vel alia sint), disputatione philosophica non digna, cognitionem rerum ordinare vel scientiam novam excolere nequientia.

Mauritius Schlick,unus ex ducibusCirculi Vindobonensis,circa1930.
Otto Neurath,unus ex ducibusCirculi Vindobonensis.

Positivismus logicus late describitur positionem extremam, quae dicitlinguamphysicam numquam attingere debere aliquidinnotabile,etiam ut videtur nuclearescausalitatis,mechanismi, principiorum notiones, sed sic dicere est in maius extollere. Argumenta de talibus rebus quae videri non possuntmetaphoricaessent—observationes simplices in abstracto consideratae—aut, maxime alienae, resmetaphysicaevelaffectus animi moventes.Leges theoreticae redigerentur in legesempiricas,cumvocabulatheoretica significationes ex data observata per regulas congruentiae colligerent. Mathematica physicae adlogicam symbolicamperlogicismumredigeret, cumreconstructio rationalislinguam naturalemin pares normativas mutaret, omnibus persyntaxem logicamordinatis et coniunctis. Theoria scientifica declararetur cum sua ratione comprobationis, qua viacalculus logicusveleffectio empiricaeiusfalsum aut veritatemcomprobareposset.

Ernestus Machanno1900.

Annis 1930exeuntibus positivistae logici,GermaniametAustriamrelinquentes, inBritanniametCivitates Foederatasconfugerunt. Multi antehac in locumphaenomenalismiErnesti MachphysicalismumOttonis Neurathsubstituerant, etRudolphi Carnapin verificationis meram confirmationem substituere petiverat.secundo bello mundanoanno1945confecto, positivismus logicus mitior factus est, empirismus logicus appellatus, plerumqe inAmericaaCarolo Gustavo Hempel,quiexemplar legitimum tegensexplanationis scientificae exposuit. Motus positivismi logici factus est solidumphilsophiae analyticaefundamentum,[2]et in philosophiamAnglosphaeraedominabatur,philosophia scientiaenon exclusa, cum scientias usque adannos 1960moveret. Sed motus suas difficultates medias non resolvit,[3][4][5]et suadogmatamagis magisque reprehendebantur, vehementissime abNorwood Hanson,Carolo Hempel,Thoma Kuhn,Carolo Popper,Hilarius Putnam,W. V. O. Quine.

Nexus interni

Notae[recensere|fontem recensere]

  1. ↑Friedman 1999:xiv.
  2. ↑Vide"Vienna Circle"inStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  3. ↑Smith 1986:314.
  4. ↑ Bunge 1996:317.
  5. ↑"Popper, Falsifiability, and the Failure of Positivism,"7 Augusti 2000.

Bibliographia[recensere|fontem recensere]

Carolus Popper
Hilarius Putnam.
  • Achinstein, Peter, et Stephen Francis Barker.1969.The Legacy of Logical Positivism: Studies in the Philosophy of Science.Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Ayer, Alfred Jules.1959.Logical Positivism.Glencoe Illinoesiae: Free Press.
  • Barone, Francesco.1986.Il neopositivismo logico.Roma Bari: Laterza.
  • Bechtel, William.1988.Philosophy of Science: An Overview for Cognitive Science.Hillsdale Novae Caesareae: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Bergmann, Gustav.1954.The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism.Novi Eboraci: Longmans Green.
  • Bunge, M. A.1996.Finding Philosophy in Social Science.Yale University Press.ISBN 9780300066067.
  • Cirera, Ramon.1994.Carnap and the Vienna Circle: Empiricism and Logical Syntax.Atlantae: Rodopi.
  • Edmonds, David, et John Eidinow.2001.Wittgenstein's poker: the story of a ten-minute argument between two great philosophers.Novi Eboraci: Ecco.ISBN 0066212448.
  • Friedman, Michael.1999.Reconsidering Logical Positivism.Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gadol, Eugene T.1982.Rationality and Science: A Memorial Volume for Moritz Schlick in Celebration of the Centennial of his Birth.Vindobonae: Springer.
  • Geymonat, Ludovico.1934.La nuova filosofia della natura in Germania.Torini.
  • Giere, Ronald N., et Alan W. Richardson.1997.Origins of Logical Empiricism.Minneapoli: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Hanfling, Oswald.1981.Logical Positivism.Oxoniae: B. Blackwell.ISBN 023105386X.
  • Jangam, R. T.1970.Logical Positivism and Politics.Dellii: Sterling Publishers.
  • Janik, Allan, et Stephen Toulmin.1973.Wittgenstein's Vienna.Londinii: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Kraft, Victor.1953.The Origin of Neo-positivism, a Chapter in the History of Recent Philosophy.Novi Eboraci: Greenwood Press.
  • McGuinness, Brian.1979.Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle: Conversations Recorded by Friedrich Waismann.Conv. Joachim Schulte et Brian McGuinness. Novi Eboraci: Barnes & Noble Books.
  • Milkov, Nikolay, ed.2015.Die Berliner Gruppe: Texte zum Logischen Empirismus von Walter Dubislav, Kurt Grelling, Carl G. Hempel, Alexander Herzberg, Kurt Lewin, Paul Oppenheim und Hans Reichenbach.Hamburgi: Meiner.
  • Mises von, Richard.1951.Positivism: A Study in Human Understanding.Cantabrigiae: Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
  • Munz, Peter.2004.Beyond Wittgenstein's poker: new light on Popper and Wittgenstein.Aldershot Hantoniae Angliae et Burlingtoniae Montis Viridis: Ashgate.ISBN 0754640159;ISBN 0754640167(carta).
  • Novick, Peter.1988.That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical Profession.Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Parrini, Paolo.1983.Empirismo logico e convenzionalismo: saggio di storia della filosofia della scienza.Mediolani: F. Angeli.
  • Parrini, Paolo, Wesley C. Salmon, et Merrilee H. Salmon, eds.2003.Logical Empiricism: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives.Pittsburgi: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • Reisch, George.2005.How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science: To the Icy Slopes of Logic.Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rescher, Nicholas.1985.The Heritage of Logical Positivism.Lanham Terrae Mariae: University Press of America.
  • Richardson, Alan, et Thomas Uebel, eds.2007.The Cambridge Companion to Logical Positivism.Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.
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  • Sarkar, Sahotra, ed.1996.Decline and Obsolescence of Logical Empiricism: Carnap vs. Quine and the Critics.Novi Eboraci: Garland Publishing.
  • Sarkar, Sahotra, ed.1996.The Emergence of Logical Empiricism: From 1900 to the Vienna Circle.Novi Eboraci: Garland Publishing.
  • Sarkar, Sahotra, ed.1996.The Legacy of the Vienna Circle: Modern Reappraisals.Novi Eboraci: Garland Publishing.
  • Sarkar, Sahotra, ed.1996.Logical Empiricism and the Special Sciences: Reichenbach, Feigl, and Nagel.Novi Eboraci: Garland Publishing.
  • Sarkar, Sahotra, ed.1996.Logical Empiricism at Its Peak: Schlick, Carnap, and Neurath.Novi Eboraci: Garland Publishing.
  • Smith, L. D.1986.Behaviorism and Logical Positivism: A Reassessment of the Alliance.Stanford University Press.ISBN 9780804713016.Google Books.
  • Spohn, Wolfgang, ed.1991.Erkenntnis Orientated: A Centennial Volume for Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.Bostoniae: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Stadler, Friedrich.2001.The Vienna Circle: Studies in the Origins, Development, and Influence of Logical Empiricism.Ed. 1a. Novi Eboraci: Springer.
  • Stadler, Friedrich.2015.The Vienna Circle: Studies in the Origins, Development, and Influence of Logical Empiricism.Ed. 2a. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Stadler, Friedrich, ed.2003.The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism: Re-Evaluation and Future Perspectives.Dordrecht, Bostoniae, Londinii: Kluwer.
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  • Suppe, Frederick, ed.1977.The Structure of Scientific Theories.Ed. 2a. Urbanae: University of Illinois Press.
  • Werkmeister, William.1937.Seven Theses of Logical Positivism Critically Examined.The Philosophical Review46(3):276–297. doi:10.2307/2181086. JSTOR 2181086.

Nexus externi[recensere|fontem recensere]

Comentarii a positivistis logicis scripti
Commentarii de positivismo logico
Commentarii de rebus cognatis


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