Tovona (fitsipiteny)

Nytovonadiahasin-tenyanisan' ny sokajin' nytsirintenyizay fametraka eo alohan' nyfototeny.Ahazoanasampan-tenyna manova ny hevitra ara-pitsipiteny ny fanasiana tovona amin' ny teny iray. Mety mampisy fiovana kely ny endriky ny fototeny na ny tovona, na izy roa, ny fanakambanana azy roa ireo.

Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny aostrôneziana

Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny malagasy

Indreto ny ohatra amin' ny tovona ao amin' nyfiteny malagasy:a- (ohatra:atoraka),m- (ohatra:mody),mi- (ohatra:mioitra),man- (ohatra:mandeha),mana- (ohatra:manatsara),mian- (ohatra:mianala),voa- (ohatra:voahitsaka),tafa- (ohatra:tafavoaka),faha- (ohatra:fahafolo),ampaha- (ohatra:ampahafolo),ha- (ohatra:hamafy),maha- (ohatra:mahatorana),manka- (ohatra:mankarary).

Mety mampisy fiovana kely ny endriky ny fototeny na ny tovona, na izy roa, ny fanakambanana azy roa ireo. Ohatra:man-hetahetaᐳmangetaheta;man-lehaᐳmandeha;man-zavonaᐳmanjavona.

Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny indô-eorôpeana

Tovona fahita ao amin' ny fiteny eorôpeana

Ao amin' ireo fiteny aoEorôpadia miankina amin' ny fomba famaritan' ny olona ny maha tovona na tsia ny hasin-teny iray. Inty ny lisitr' ireo tovana fahita matetika:a-( "tsy" ),acro- ( "ambony" ),allo- ( "hafa" ),alter- ( "hafa" ),ante- ( "aloha" ),anti- ( "manohitra" ),auto- ( "hoazy" ),bi- ( "roa" ),co- ( "miaraka" ),cis- ( "samy amin' ny ilany iray" ),contra- ( "ambany", "manihitra" ),de- ( "manohitra", "manaisotra" ),di- ( "roa" ),dis- ( "manohitra", "manaisotra" ),dys- ( "manohitra", "ratsy" ),epi- ( "ambony", "manampy" ),extra- ( "mihoatra" ),hemi- ( "antsasany" ),hexa- ( "enina" ),hyper- ( "mihoatra" ),hypo- ( "an-tsisiny", "tsy ampy", "ambany" ),ig- ( "tsy" ),il- ( "tsy" ),im- ( "tsy" ),in- ( "tsy" ),infra- ( "ambany" ),inter- ( "anelanelany" ),intra- ( "anatiny" ),ir- ( "tsy" ),macro- ( "lehibe" ),mal- ( "ratsy" ),maxi- ( "lehibe indrindra" ),meso- ( "afovoany" ),meta- ( "hafa" ),micro- ( "bitika" ),mid- ( "afovoany" ),mini- ( "kely" ),mono- ( "tokana" ),multi- ( "maro" ),non- ( "tsy", "tsia" ),octo- ( "valo" ),pan- ( "rehetra", "manontolo" ),para- ( "antsisiny", "ankoatra", "miova", "mifandray" ),penta- ( "dimy" ),per- ( "maninteraka" ),peri- ( "manodidina" ),poly- ( "maro" ),post- ( "aoriana" ),pre- ( "aloha", "vonona" ),pro- ( "mikasika", "momba", "mpomba", "amin' ny anarana' ny" ),proto- ( "voalohany", "ntaolo", "mpialoha lalana" ),pseudo- ( "tsy izy", "diso" ),quadri- ( "efatra" ),quasi- ( "saika", "sahalahala" ),re- ( "miverina", "indray" ), semi- ( "antsasany" ), "ampahany", "sahalahala" ),sub- ( "ambany" ),super- ( "ambony", "mihoatra", "lehibe" ),supra- ( "ambony" ),tetra- ( "efatra" ),trans- ( "miampita", "mampifandray" ),tri- ( "telo" ),ultra- ( "mihoatra", "ankoatra", "fara tampony" ),xeno- ( "vahiny", "avy ivelany" ).

Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny anglisy

Ireto ny tovona an' nyfiteny anglisymanokana:counter- ( "manohitra" ),down- ( "midina", "mampihena" ),fore- ( "aloha" ),mis- ( "ratsy" ),over- ( "tafahoatra", "fara tampony" ),self- ( "hoazy" ),un- ( "tsy", "manaisotra", "manohitra" ),under- ( "ambany", "tsy ampy" ),up- ( "ambony", "mitombo" ).

Tovona ao amin' ny fiteny alemàna

Amin' ny fiteny alemàna, azo soka gian a ho roa ny sampanteny miforona amin' ny tovona: ireo ampiasaina miaraka amin' ny anarana sy mpamari-toetra, ary ireo ampiasaina amin' ny matoanteny. Ho an' ny sampanteny anarana sy mpamari-toetra, tovona mamokatra roa ihany no azo ampiana amin' ny anarana na mpamari-toetra:un-, izay maneho ny fandàvana (toy ny amin' nyungesund,avy amin' nygesund), aryur-, izay midika hoe "voalohany, nivoaka voalohany" amin' ny anarana, ary manana fiasa manantitra amin' ny mpamari-toetra. Nyge- kosa dia maneho firaisana na fiarahana, fa ao anatin' ny vondron-teny mihidy ihany — tsy azo ampiana amin' ny anarana na mpamari-toetra fotsiny.

Ny tovona fanao amin' ny matoantety fampiasa matetika diabe-,ent-,er-,ge-,miss-,ver-, aryzer-. Nybe- midika fanamafisana na famaoham-be,ent- maneho fandavana. Nyge- maneho ny fahafenoan' ny asa, ka izany no mahatonga azy ampiasaina amin' ny endriky nyova-matoantenylasa. Nyver- dia manamafy, na ampiasaina hamadihana ny anarana na ny mpamari-toetra ho lasa matoanteny. Amin' ny toe-javatra sasany, ny tovonaent- (fandavana) dia azo heverina ho mifanohitra amin' ny tovonabe-, fa nyer- kosa dia azo raisina ho mifanohitra amin' nyver-.

Ny tovonaer- dia matetika manondro ny fahavitan' ny asa iray, ary indraindray ny famaranana dia midika ho fahafatesana. Miaraka amin' ny matoanteny vitsy kokoa, manondro ny fiandohan' ny asa izy io. Ny tovonaer- dia manova ny mpamari-tioetra ho matoanteny (ohatra: ny hoeerkaltendia mitovy hevitra amin' ny hoekalt werdenizay midika hoe "manomboka mangatsiaka" ).