Lihat sumber bagi Internet Archive

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{{Infobox website
| name = Internet Archive
| logo = Internet Archive logo and wordmark.svg
| screenshot =
| caption =
| location = [[Richmond|Richmond District]]<br />[[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[Amerika Syarikat]]
| founder =
| chairman = Brewster Kahle
| president =
| CEO =
| products =
| services = Archive-It, [[Open Library]], [[Wayback Machine]] (sejak 2001), Netlabels, [[NASA Images]], [[Prelinger Archives]]
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| parent =
| divisions =
| url = {{URL|https://archive.org/}}
| ipv6 =
| alexa = {{IncreaseNegative}} 270 ({{as of|2018|09|08|alt=September 2018}})<ref name= "alexa" >{{cite web|url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org |title=archive.org Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=September 8, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618074728/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/archive.org |archivedate=June 18, 2016 }}</ref>
| registration =
| language = [[Inggeris]]
| footnotes =
| company_type = 501(c)(3) bukan keuntungan
| foundation = {{start date and age|1996|05|12}}<ref name= "Found0" >{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/about/index.html |title=Internet Archive: About the Archive |work=[[Wayback Machine]] |date=April 8, 2000 |accessdate=March 13, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000408223908/https://archive.org/about/index.html |archivedate=April 8, 2000 }}</ref><ref name= "Found1" >>{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/archive.org|title=archive.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|date= |accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
| key_people =
| num_employees = 200{{Citation needed|reason=Where did this number come from?|date=September 2018}}
| subsid =
| website_type = Pustaka digital
| num_users =
| launch_date = {{start date|1996}}
| current_status = Aktif
| intl =
| revenue = $17.5 juta (2016)<ref name= "form-990-2016" >{{cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/943242767|title=Nonprofit Explorer - ProPublica|first=Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei, Ken Schwencke, Alec Glassford|last=ProPublica|publisher=}}</ref>
}}
'''Internet Archive''' ( "Arkib Internet" ) sebuah [[perpustakaan digital]] bukan untung berpangkalan di San Francisco dengan misi yang dinyatakan "akses universal kepada semua pengetahuan." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/about/faqs.php#296 |title=Internet Archive Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=April 13, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021003552/https://archive.org/about/faqs.php |archivedate=October 21, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/SDForumBK |title=Internet Archive: Universal Access to all Knowledge |publisher=Internet Archive |date= |accessdate=April 13, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310204948/http://archive.org/details/SDForumBK |archivedate=March 10, 2013 }}</ref> Ia menyediakan akses awam percuma kepada koleksi bahan digital, termasuk laman web, aplikasi/permainan perisian, muzik, filem/video, imej bergerak, dan hampir tiga juta buku [[domain awam]]. Pada Oktober 2016, pengumpulannya mencapai 15 [[petabait]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/ |title=Defining Web pages, Web sites and Web captures |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209113631/https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/ |archivedate=December 9, 2016 }}</ref> Di samping fungsinya sebagai [[arkib]], badan pengurusnya juga sebuah organisasi aktivis memperjuangkan [[Keberkecualian internet|internet yang bebas dan terbuka]].

Internet Archive membenarkan orang ramai memuat naik dan turun bahan digital ke pangkalan datanya, tetapi sebahagian besar datanya dikumpulkan secara automatik oleh perangkak webnya, yang berfungsi untuk mengekalkan sebanyak mungkin web awam. Arkib web [[Wayback Machine]], mengandungi lebih daripada 308 bilion tangkapan layar web.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Archive: Projects |url=https://archive.org/projects/ |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=March 6, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301174624/http://archive.org/projects/ |archivedate=March 1, 2013 }}</ref><ref>Grotke, A. (December 2011). [http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/dec11/Grotke.shtml "Web Archiving at the Library of Congress" ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215201723/http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/dec11/Grotke.shtml |date=December 15, 2013 }}. ''Computers In Libraries'', v.31 n.10, pp. 15–19. Information Today.</ref> Arkib juga menyelia salah satu projek pendigitalan buku terbesar di dunia.

Arkib ini diasaskan oleh [[Brewster Kahle]] pada Mei 1996<ref name= "Found0" /><ref name= "Found1" /><ref name= "NYT-20230813" >{{cite news |last=Streitfeld |first=David |title=The Dream Was Universal Access to Knowledge. The Result Was a Fiasco. |quote= In the pandemic emergency, Brewster Kahle's Internet Archive freely lent out digital scans of its library. Publishers sued. Owning a book means something different now. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/13/business/media/internet-archive-emergency-lending-library.html |date=August 13, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230815104111/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/13/business/media/internet-archive-emergency-lending-library.html |archivedate=August 15, 2023 |accessdate=August 15, 2023 }}</ref> dengan status bukan untung 501(c)(3) menurut undang-undang Amerika Syarikat. Ia mempunyai belanjawan tahunan sebanyak $10 juta, yang diperolehi daripada pelbagai sumber: pendapatan dari perkhidmatan perangkak Web, pelbagai perkongsian, bantuan, derma, dan Yayasan Kahle-Austin.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/10/womack.php |issue=10 |date=Spring 2003 |title=Who Owns History? |first=David |last=Womack |magazine=Cabinet Magazine |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319144336/http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/10/womack.php |archivedate=March 19, 2013 }}</ref>

Ibu pejabatnya berada di [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Kebanyakan kakitangannya bekerja di pusat pengimbasan buku. Arkib tersebut mempunyai pusat data di tiga bandar California: San Francisco, Redwood City, dan Richmond. Untuk mengelakkan kehilangan data dalam kes contohnya. bencana alam, Arkib cuba mencipta salinan (bahagian) koleksi di lokasi yang jauh, kini termasuk [[Biblioteka Alexandrina|Bibliotheca Alexandrina]]<ref>[https://archive.org/about/bibalex.php "Donation to the new Library of Alexandria in Egypt" ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125175155/http://archive.org/about/bibalex.php|date=January 25, 2014}}; Alexandria, Egypt; April 20, 2002. [https://archive.org/about/bibalex_p_r.php Bibliotheca Alexandrina] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902052347/http://archive.org/about/bibalex_p_r.php|date=September 2, 2014}}. Internet Archive.</ref> di [[Mesir]] dan kemudahan di [[Amsterdam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://longnow.org/seminars/02011/nov/30/universal-access-all-knowledge/|title=Brewster Kahle: Universal Access to All Knowledge – The Long Now|last=|first=|date=|website=longnow.org|publisher=|at=45'47 "|access-date=October 18, 2016}}</ref> Arkib itu adalah ahli Konsortium Pemeliharaan Internet Antarabangsa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://netpreserve.org/about/memberList.php|title=" Members "|accessdate=April 24, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613021711/http://netpreserve.org/about/memberList.php|archivedate=June 13, 2010|df=mdy-all}} International Internet Preservation Consortium. Netpreserve.org</ref> dan secara rasmi ditetapkan sebagai sebuah perpustakaan oleh negeri California pada tahun 2007.<ref>[https://archive.org/iathreads/post-view.php?id=121377" Internet Archive officially a library "] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204103557/http://www.archive.org/iathreads/post-view.php?id=121377|date=February 4, 2010}}, May 2, 2007. Internet Archive</ref>

== Sejarah ==
[[Fail:Internet_Archive_headquarters_exterior_February_2008.jpg|thumb|Dari tahun 1996 hingga 2009, ibu pejabat Internet Archive berada di Presidio San Francisco, bekas pangkalan tentera A.S.]]
Brewster Kahle mengasaskan arkib itu pada 1996 pada masa yang sama bahawa beliau memulakan syarikat merangkak web untuk keuntungan [[Alexa Internet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/sciam_article.html|title=Brewster Kahle. In Scientific American|date=November 4, 1997|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=April 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19971011050140/https://archive.org/sciam_article.html|archivedate=October 11, 1997}}</ref> Pada Oktober 1996, Internet Archive telah memulakan arkib dan memelihara [[Jaringan Sejagat]] dalam kuantiti yang banyak,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/collections/index.html|title=Internet Archive: In the Collections|date=June 6, 2000|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|accessdate=March 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000606211051/https://archive.org/collections/index.html|archivedate=June 6, 2000}}</ref> walaupun ia menyelamatkan halaman terawal pada Mei 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com|title=MTV Online: Main Page – Wayback Machine|date=May 12, 1996|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19960512183908/http://www.mtv.com/|archive-date=May 12, 1996|accessdate=December 16, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoseek.com/|title=Infoseek Guide – Wayback Machine|date=May 12, 1996|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19960512212113/http://www.infoseek.com/|archive-date=May 12, 1996|accessdate=December 16, 2016}}</ref> Kandungan yang diarkibkan tidak tersedia kepada orang awam sehingga tahun 2001, apabila ia membangunkan [[Wayback Machine]].

Pada akhir tahun 1999, Arkib memperluaskan koleksinya di luar arkib Web, bermula dengan Arkib Prelinger. Kini Internet Archive merangkumi teks, audio, imej bergerak, dan perisian. Ia menganjurkan beberapa projek lain: Arkib Imej [[NASA]], kontrak perkhidmatan merangkak Arkib-It, dan katalog perpustakaan yang dapat diedit wiki dan buku maklumat Open Library. Tidak lama selepas itu, arkib itu mula bekerja untuk menyediakan perkhidmatan khusus yang berkaitan dengan keperluan akses maklumat bagi orang cacat cetak; buku yang boleh diakses secara umum disediakan dalam format Sistem Maklumat Mudah Alih Digital (DAISY) yang dilindungi.<ref>[[iarchive:printdisabled|" Daisy Books for the Print Disabled "]] {{Cite web |url=http://archive.org/details/printdisabled |title=salinan arkib |access-date=2018-09-15 |archive-date=2013-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104215902/http://archive.org/details/printdisabled |url-status=bot: unknown }}, February 25, 2013. Internet Archive.</ref>

==Lihat juga==
* [[Wayback Machine]]
*[[Arkib Web]]

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}

==Bacaan lanjut==
* {{cite news|author=Kahle, Brewster|url=https://archive.org/sciam_article.html |title=Archiving the Internet|work=Scientific America|date=November 1996}}
* {{cite web|url=https://blog.archive.org/2013/11/06/scanning-center-fire-please-help-rebuild/|title=Scanning Center Fire — Please Help Rebuild|author=[[Brewster Kahle|Kahle, Brewster]]|website=Internet Archive Blogs|date=November 6, 2013}}
*{{cite news|author=[[Jill Lepore|Lepore, Jill]]|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/cobweb |title=The Cobweb|work= [[The New Yorker]]|date= January 26, 2015}}
* {{cite news|author=Ringmar, Erik|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=401386 |title=Liberate and Disseminate|work=Times Higher Education Supplement|date= April 10, 2008}}

==Pautan luar==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://archive.org/}}
* [http://archive.bibalex.org/ Internet Archive Mirror] at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt
* [https://archive-it.org/ Web Archiving at archive.org], details of Internet Archive operations
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971011064403/https://archive.org/index.html |date=October 11, 1997 |title=Internet Archive }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19960512183908/http://www.mtv.com:80/ |date=May 12, 1996 |title=Earliest known website on the Archive }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19960512212113/http://www.infoseek.com |date=May 12, 1996 |title=Second earliest known website on the Archive }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://archive.org/ Internet Archive (recursive archive)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110327223229/http://web.archive.org/collections/pioneers.html Early websites from 1996]

[[Kategori:Perpustakaan digital]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah internet]]
[[Kategori:Arkib web]]
[[Kategori:Pertubuhan yang diasaskan pada 1996]]