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A. C. Benson

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A. C. Benson

FRSL
Arthur Christopher Benson (circa 1899)
Sarjana Kolej Magdalene, Cambridgeke-28
Dalam jawatan
1915–1925
Didahului olehStuart Alexander Donaldson
Digantikan olehAllen Beville Ramsay
Butiran peribadi
LahirArthur Christopher Benson
24 April 1862
England
Meninggal dunia17 Jun 1925(1925-06-17)(umur 63)
Cambridge,England
IbuMary Benson
BapaEdward White Benson
PendidikanSekolah Temple Grove
Kolej Eton
Alma materKolej Raja, Cambridge
Tandatangan

Arthur Christopher Benson,FRSL(24 April 1862 – 17 Jun 1925) dululah seorang penulis karangan, penyair dan akademik Inggeris,[1]danSarjana Kolej Magdalene, Cambridgeke-28. Beliau menulis lirik laguEdward ElgarCoronation Ode,termasuk kata-kata lagu patriotik "Land of Hope and Glory"(1902). Kritikan sastera, puisi, dan jilid karangannya sangat dihormati. Beliau juga terkenal sebagai pengarangkisah hantu.

Kehidupan awal dan keluarga

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Benson dilahirkan pada 24 April 1862 diKolej Wellington, Berkshire,sebagai salah seorang daripada enam anakEdward White Benson(1829–1896), guru besar pertama kolej, yang kemudiannya menjadiArchbishop Canterburydari 1883 hingga 1896. Ibunya,Mary Sidgwick Benson,dululah saudara perempuan kepada ahli falsafahHenry Sidgwick.

Keluarga sasterawan Benson termasuk saudara lelakinyaEdward Frederic Benson,paling diingati kerana novelnyaMapp and Lucia,danRobert Hugh Benson,seorang paderi Gereja England sebelum menukar agamanya kepada Gereja Katolik, yang menulis banyak novel popular. Kakak merekaMargaret Bensondululah seorang artis, pengarang, danahli kajian Mesiramatur.

Walaupun pencapaiannya yang luar biasa, keluarga Benson mengalami masa yang menyedihkan: seorang anak lelaki dan anak perempuan meninggal dunia pada usia muda, manakala seorang lagi anak perempuan dan Arthur sendiri mengalami keadaan mental yang mungkingangguan bipolar[2]ataupsikosismanik-depresif,nampaknya diwarisi daripada bapa mereka. Tiada anaknya yang berkahwin.[3]

Walaupun sakit, Arthur akan menjadi seorang ahli akademik yang terkenal dan pengarang yang prolifik. Dari umur 10 hingga 21, beliau tinggal didekat katedral,pertama di Lincoln di mana bapanya adalah CanselorKatedral Lincoln,dan kemudian diTruro,di mana bapanya adalah yang Uskup Truro pertama. Beliau mengekalkan kegemarannya terhadap muzik dan upacara gereja.

Pada tahun 1874 beliau memenangibiasiswakeEtondaripadaSekolah Temple Grove,sebuah sekolah persediaan diEast Sheen.Pada tahun 1881 beliau berdidik diKolej Raja, Cambridge,di mana beliau adalah seorang sarjana (Kolej Raja telah menutup biasiswa yang hanya warga Eton yang layak) dan mencapai penghormatan kelas pertama dalamtriposKlasik pada tahun 1884.[4]

Kerjaya

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Dari 1885 hingga 1903 Benson mengajar di Eton, tetapi kembali ke Cambridge pada tahun 1904 sebagai FellowKolej Magdaleneuntuk kuliah dalam Kesusasteraan Inggeris. Beliau menjadi presiden kolej (timbalan Sarjana) pada tahun 1912, dan beliau adalah Sarjana Magdalene (ketua kolej) dari Disember 1915 sehingga kematiannya pada tahun 1925. Dari tahun 1906, beliau adalah gabenorGresham's School.[5]

"Fasti Etonenses",Benson dikarikatur olehSpyuntukVanity Fair,1903.

Perkembangan moden Magdalene telah dibentuk oleh Benson,[4]sebagai dermawan yang murah hati dengan kesan yang ketara pada penampilan kawasan kolej; beliau muncul dalam sekurang-kurangnya 20 inskripsi di sekitar kolej.[6]Pada tahun 1930, Mahkamah Benson yang baharu dinamakan sempenanya.[7]

Benson bekerja denganTuan Esherdalam menyunting surat-menyuratRatu Victoria,yang muncul pada tahun 1907.[8][9]Puisi dan jilid karangannya, sepertiFrom a College WindowdanThe Upton Letters(karangan dalam bentuk surat) terkenal pada zamannya; dan beliau meninggalkan salah satu diari terpanjang pernah ditulis: kira-kira empat juta perkataan.[10]Kritikan sasteranya terhadapDante Gabriel Rossetti,Edward FitzGerald,Walter PaterdanJohn Ruskinpangkat antara karya terbaiknya.

Benson menulis lirikCoronation Ode,ditetapkan kepada muzik olehEdward Elgaruntuk pertabalanRaja Edward VIIdan Ratu Alexandra pada 1902. Ia mempunyai sebagai penamatnya salah satu lagu patriotik Britain yang paling terkenal, "Land of Hope and Glory".

Cerita hantu

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Seperti abangnya Edward Frederic dan Robert Hugh, Benson terkenal sebagai pengarangkisah hantu.Sebahagian besar daripada mereka, dalam dua jilid, "Bukit Masalah dan Cerita Lain" (1903) dan "Pulau Matahari Terbenam" (1904), ditulis untuk murid-muridnya sebagai alegori moral. Selepas kematian Arthur, Fred Benson menemui koleksi cerita hantu yang tidak diterbitkan dan memasukkan dua dalam sebuah buku,Basil Netherby(1927). Tajuk cerita itu dinamakan semula sebagai "House at Treheale" dan jilidnya disiapkan dengan sekeping panjang, "The Uttermost Farthing",[11]tetapi nasib cerita lain tidak diketahui.

Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories(1911, dicetak semula 1977) mengumpul kandunganThe Hill of Trouble and Other StoriesdanThe Isles of Sunset.[12]Sembilan daripada cerita hantu Arthur disertakan dalam David Stuart Davies (ed.),The Temple of Death: The Ghost Stories of A. C. & R. H. Benson(Wordsworth, 2007), bersama-sama dengan tujuh olehnya saudara R. H. Benson, manakala sembilan daripada Arthur dan sepuluh daripada Robert muncul dalamGhosts in the House(Ash-Tree, 1996) – kandungan koleksi bersama adalah serupa tetapi tidak serupa.

Pandangan

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DalamThe Schoolmaster,Benson merumuskan pandangannya tentang pendidikan selepas pengalaman 18 tahun di Eton. Beliau mengkritik trend yang beliau anggap berleluasa dalamsekolah awamInggeris, yang "menjadikan budak lelaki itu baik dan menyihatkan" sehingga menjejaskan perkembangan kecerdasan mereka.[13]

Seorang FellowRoyal Society of Literature,beliau mengasaskanBenson Medalpada tahun 1916 "berkaitan dengan karya berjasa dalam puisi, fiksyen, sejarah dan belles letters".[14]

Kematian

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Benson Court,Kolej Magdalene, Cambridge

A. C. Benson meninggal dunia akibat serangan jantung di Magdalene dan dikebumikan diSt Giles's Cemeterydi Cambridge.[15]

Sambutan kritikal

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Pengkritik seram R. S. Hadji memasukkan 'Basil NetherbyBenson dalam senarai buku seram yang "tidak adil diabaikan".[16]

SirArthur Quiller-Couchmemasukkan puisi Benson "The Phoenix" dalam edisi pertama dan keduaTheOxford Book of English Verse.

Karya

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"The Phoenix"
{| class= "multicol" style= "border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background:transparent; width:100%;"

| width= "" align= "left" valign= "top" style= "padding-left:;" | By feathers green, across Casbeen

The pilgrims track the Phoenix flown,

By gems he strew'd in waste and wood,

And jewell'd plumes at random thrown.


Till wandering far, by moon and star,

They stand beside the fruitful pyre,

Where breaking bright with sanguine light

The impulsive bird forgets his sire.


Those ashes shine like ruby wine,

Like bag of Tyrian murex spilt,

The claw, the jowl of the flying fowl

Are with the glorious anguish gilt.


So rare the light, so rich the sight,

Those pilgrim men, on profit bent,

Drop hands and eyes and merchandise,

And are with gazing most content.

|}
  • Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters,with H. F. W. Tatham, 1892[17]
  • Le Cahier Jaune: Poems,1892[18]
  • Poems,1893
  • Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge,1894[19]
  • Lyrics,1895[20]
  • Lord Vyet & Other Poems,1898
  • Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone,1898[21]
  • Thomas Gray,1895[22]
  • Essays,1896.[23]
  • Fasti Etonenses: A Biographical History of Eton,1899[24]
  • The Professor: and Other Poems,1900[25]
  • The Schoolmaster,1902[26]
  • The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories,1903[27]
  • The Isles of Sunset,1904[28]
  • (as editor)IonicabyWilliam Cory,3rd edition, 1905[29]
  • Peace: and Other Poems,1905[30]
  • The Upton Letters,1905[31]
  • The Gate of Death: A Diary,1906[32]
  • From a College Window,1906[31]
  • Monnow: An Ode,1906
  • Rossetti,1906[33]
  • Walter Pater,1906[34]
  • The Thread of Gold,1907[35]
  • Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton,1907[31]
  • The House of Quiet: An Autobiography,1907[36]
  • The Altar Fire,1907[31]
  • The Letters of One, a Study in Limitations,1907
  • Beside Still Waters,1908[37]
  • At Large,1908[31]
  • Tennyson,1908[38]
  • Until the Evening,1909[39]
  • The Poems of A. C. Benson,1909[40]
  • The Child of the Dawn,1911[41]
  • Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories,1911[31]
  • The Leaves of the Tree: Studies in Biography,1911[42]
  • Ruskin: A Study in Personality,1911[43][44]
  • The Letters of Queen Victoria,1907[45][46][47]
  • Thy Rod and Thy Staff,1912[48]
  • The Beauty of Life: Being Selections from the Writings of Arthur Christopher Benson,1912[49]
  • Joyous Gard,1913[50]
  • The Silent Isle,1913[51]
  • Along the Road,1913[52]
  • Where No Fear Was: A Book About Fear,1914[31]
  • The Orchard Pavilion,1914[53]
  • Escape and Other Essays,1916[54]
  • Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters,1916[55]
  • Father Payne,1917[56]
  • Life and Letters of Maggie Benson,1920[57]
  • Watersprings,1920[58]
  • Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother,1920[59]
  • The Reed of Pan; English Renderings of Greek Epigrams and Lyrics,1922[60]
  • Magdalene College, Cambridge: A Little View of Its Buildings and History,1923[61]
  • Selected Poems,1924
  • Chris Gascoyne; An Experiment in Solitude, from the Diaries of John Trevor,1924
  • Everybody's Book of the Queen's Dolls' House,1924
  • Memories and Friends,1924
  • Edward Fitzgerald,1925[62]
  • The House of Menerdue,1925[63]
  • Rambles and Reflections,1926[64]
  • Basil Netherby,1926
  • The Diary of Arthur Christopher Benson,1926

Ulasan puisi Benson

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  • "The Poetry of Mr. A. C. Benson",Sewanee Review, Volume 14(Sewanee: University of the South, 1906), 110–111, 405–421.[65]
  • "Poets All",The Speaker, Volume 15,13 February 1897 (London), 196[66]
  • "Mr. Benson's Poems",The Literary World, Volume 48,3 November 1893 (London: James Clarke & Co.), 329[67]
  • "Selected Poetry of Arthur Christopher Benson" (1862–1925)[3]
  • "A Literary Causerie" inThe Speaker, Volume 15,13 March 1897 (London), 299[66]

Rujukan

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Petikan

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  1. ^"Benson, Arthur Christopher".Who's Who.59:136. 1907.
  2. ^Ridley, Jane (9 Julai 2011)."The gay Lambeth way" (ulasan Rodney Bolt,As Good as God, as Clever as the Devil: The Impossible Life of Mary Benson) ".The Spectator.
  3. ^ab"Puisi Terpilih daripada Arthur Christopher Benson, 1862–1925".Puisi Perwakilan Dalam Talian.Universiti Toronto.
  4. ^ab"Benson, Arthur Christopher (BN881AC)".A Cambridge Alumni Database.Universiti Cambridge.
  5. ^Surat khabatThe Times,22 Oktober 1906, p. 6, col. C.
  6. ^"Twentieth Century".Magdalene College. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 1 Mac 2004.Dicapai pada14 September2014.
  7. ^The colleges and halls - Magdalene- British History Online. Diperoleh pada 30 Mac 2010.
  8. ^Ward, Yvonne M. (2014).Menapis Ratu Victoria: bagaimana dua lelaki menyunting seorang permaisuri dan mencipta ikon.Oneworld.ISBN9781780743639.
  9. ^"Review ofThe Letters of Queen Victoriadisunting oleh A. C. Benson dan Viscount Esher, 3 jilid ".The Athenaeum(4174): 509–510. October 26, 1907.
  10. ^Ekstrak daripada diari itu dicetak dalamEdwardian Excursions. Daripada Diari A. C. Benson, 1898–1904,ed. David Newsome, London: John Murray, 1981.
  11. ^Mike Ashley,"The Essential Writers: Blood Brothers" ( Profil E. F., A. C. dan R. H. Benson).The Twilight Zone Magazine Rod Serling,hlm. 63–70, Mei/Jun 1984.
  12. ^Jack Sullivan, ed.,Ensiklopedia Seram Penguin dan Alam Ghaib.NY: Viking Penguin, 1986, hlm. 30.
  13. ^Benson, A.C. (2011) [1902]. "Bab 6, Intelek".Guru Sekolah.Peridot Press. m/s. 29.ISBN978-1-908095-30-5.
  14. ^"The Benson Medal".The Royal Society of Literature. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 5 April 2010.Dicapai pada11 Ogos2010.
  15. ^"Arthur Christopher Benson Biography: His life and Works"[Arthur Christopher Benson Biografi: Kehidupan dan Karyanya].Victorian Era(dalam bahasa Inggeris).Dicapai pada2023-02-09.
  16. ^R. S. Hadji, "13 Karya Agung Macabre yang Diabaikan",Majalah The Twilight Zone Rod Serling,Julai–Ogos 1983. TZ Publications, Inc., hlm. 62.
  17. ^Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters.Arnold. 1899 – melalui Google Books.
  18. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1892).Le Cahier Jaune: Poems.G. New – melalui Internet Archive.
  19. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1894).Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge.New – melalui Internet Archive.Genealogy of the family of Benson
  20. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1895).Lyrics.John Lane – melalui Internet Archive.
  21. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1898).Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone.R. Ingalton Drake – melalui Google Books.
  22. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1895).Thomas Gray.Eton.hdl:2027/hvd.hwilqf.
  23. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1896).Essays.New York.hdl:2027/hvd.32044086675808.
  24. ^"Review ofFasti Etonensesby A. C. Benson &A History of Eton Collegeby Lionel Cust ".The Athenæum(3767): 8–9. 6 January 1900.
  25. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1900).The Professor: And Other Poems.John Lane – melalui Internet Archive.
  26. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1908).The Schoolmaster: A Commentary Upon the Aims and Methods of an Assistant-master in a Public School.Putnam – melalui Internet Archive.
  27. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1903).The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories.London.hdl:2027/inu.39000002156706.
  28. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1905).The Isles of Sunset.Ibister – melalui Internet Archive.
  29. ^Cory, William (1905).Ionica with Biographical Introduction and Notes by Arthur C. Benson.G. Allen – melalui Internet Archive.
  30. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1905).Peace: And Other Poems.J. Lane – melalui Internet Archive.
  31. ^abcdefg"Project Gutenberg".
  32. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1906).The Gate of Death: A Diary.G. P. Putnam's sons – melalui Google Books.
  33. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1906).Rossetti.English men of letters. S. Chand & Co.hdl:2027/njp.32101066385236.
  34. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1906).Walter Pater.Macmillan – melalui Internet Archive.A. C. Benson Walter Pater
  35. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1907).The Thread of Gold.Murray – melalui Internet Archive.
  36. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1907).The House of Quiet: An Autobiography.E. P. Dutton – melalui Internet Archive.The House of Quiet: an Autobiography
  37. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1908).Beside Still Waters.G.P. Putnam's Sons – melalui Internet Archive.
  38. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1907).Alfred Tennyson.New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.hdl:2027/uc1.b3742961.
  39. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1909).Until the Evening.New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7fq9th3h.
  40. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1909).The Poems of A. C. Benson...J. Lane – melalui Google Books.
  41. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1912).The Child of the Dawn.G. P. Putnam's Sons – melalui Internet Archive.
  42. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1911).The Leaves of the Tree; Studies in Biography.London: Smith, Elder & Co.hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5k93398t.
  43. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1911).Ruskin: A Study in Personality.New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.hdl:2027/uiug.30112074811271.
  44. ^"Review ofRuskin: A Study in Personalityby Arthur Christopher Benson ".The London Quarterly Review.116:166. 1911.
  45. ^Victoria (1907).The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. I 1837–1843.London: John Murray.hdl:2027/umn.31951002171032u.
  46. ^Victoria (1907).The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. II 1844–1853.New York: Longmans, Green & Co.hdl:2027/hvd.hx3v5u.
  47. ^Victoria (1907).The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. III 1854–1861.London: John Murray.hdl:2027/osu.32435028626158.
  48. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1912).Thy Rod and Thy Staff.London: Smith, Elder & Co.hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6154n414.
  49. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1912).The Beauty of Life: being selections from the writings of Arthur Christopher Benson.London, New York, Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton.hdl:2027/inu.39000002953664.
  50. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1913).Joyous Gard.New York and London: G.P. Putnam's.hdl:2027/uc1.$b682860.
  51. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1910).The Silent Isle.London: Smith, Elder & Co.hdl:2027/uc1.$b682863.
  52. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1913).Along the Road.London: James Nisbet & Co.hdl:2027/pst.000006729585.
  53. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1914).The Orchard Pavilion.New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons.hdl:2027/inu.30000118996788.
  54. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1915).Escape, and Other Essays.New York: The Century Co.hdl:2027/hvd.32044090316472.
  55. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1916).Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters.London: John Murray.hdl:2027/uc1.b4078800.
  56. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1917).Father Payne.Putnam – melalui Internet Archive.Father Payne
  57. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1917).Life and Letters of Maggie Benson.J. Murray – melalui Internet Archive.Life and Letters of Maggie Benson
  58. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1913).Watersprings.Smith, Elder – melalui Internet Archive.Watersprings
  59. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1915).Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother.Longmans, Green – melalui Internet Archive.Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother
  60. ^Benson, A. C. (1922).The Reed of Pan; English renderings of Greek epigrams and lyrics.
  61. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1923).Magdalene College, Cambridge; A little view of its buildings and history.Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes.hdl:2027/uc1.$b279316.
  62. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1905).Edward Fitzgerald.Macmillan – melalui Internet Archive.Edward Fitzgerald
  63. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1925).The House of Menerdue.London: William Heinemann.hdl:2027/uc1.$b682947.
  64. ^Benson, Arthur Christopher (1926).Rambles and Reflections.London: John Murray.hdl:2027/uc1.$b682862.
  65. ^The Sewanee Review.University of the South. 1906 – melalui Google Books.
  66. ^abThe Speaker.1897 – melalui Google Books.
  67. ^The Literary World.1893 – melalui Google Books.

Sumber

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  • David Newsome (1980),On the Edge of Paradise: A. C. Benson the Diarist,London: John Murray
  • Edward Hewish Ryle (1925),Arthur Christopher Benson as Seen by Some Friends,London: G. Bell and Sons
  • Tuck, Donald H.(1974).The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy.Chicago, IL: Advent. m/s. 39.ISBN0-911682-20-1.
  • Keith Wilson (1990), "A. C. Benson," Robert Beum, ed.,Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Essayists, 1880–1960.Detroit: Gale, 192–204.

Pautan luar

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Jawatan akademik
Didahului oleh
Stuart Alexander Donaldson 		Sarjana Kolej Magdalene, Cambridge
1915–1925 		Diikuti oleh:
Allen Beville Ramsay

Templat:Adik-beradik Benson Templat:Sarjana Kolej Magdalene, Cambridge

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._C._Benson&oldid=6256337"