AK-74

AK-74
AK-74
	Rifle tempur AK-74 awal dengan kelopak warna karat dan hiasan kayu berlaminate
Jenis	Rifle tempur
Tempat asal	Soviet Union; Russia
Sejarah perkhidmatan
Dalam perkhidmatan	1978–present
Digunakan oleh	SeePengguna
Perang	Perang Soviet–Afghan; Perang Nagorno-Karabakh; Perang Saudara Georgian; Perang Chechen Pertama; Perang Chechen Kedua; Paerang di Afghanistan (2001–kini); Perang Ossetia Selatan 2008; Perang di Donbass; Pelbagai konflik lain diAsiadan diTimur Tengah
Sejarah pengeluaran
Pereka	Mikhail Kalashnikov
Direka	1974
Pengeluar	Izhmash(kiniKalashnikov Concern)
Dihasilkan	1974–kini
Jumlah dibina	5,000,000+
Aneka	AKS-74, AKS-74U, AKS-74UB, AK-74M,AK-101,AK-102,AK-103,AK-104,AK-105
Spesifikasi
Berat	AK-74: 3.07 kg (6.8 lb); AKS-74: 2.97 kg (6.5 lb); AKS-74U: 2.7 kg (6.0 lb); AK-74M: 3.4 kg (7.5 lb); without magazine; 30-round magazine: 0.23 kg (0.51 lb); 6H5 bayonet: 0.32 kg (0.71 lb)
Panjang	AK-74: 943 mm (37.1 in); AKS-74 (stock extended): 943 mm (37.1 in); AKS-74 (stock folded): 690 mm (27.2 in); AKS-74U (stock extended): 735 mm (28.9 in); AKS-74U (stock folded): 490 mm (19.3 in); AK-74M (stock extended): 943 mm (37.1 in); AK-74M (stock folded): 700 mm (27.6 in)
Panjanglaras	AK-74, AKS-74, AK-74M: 415 mm (16.3 in); AKS-74U: 210 mm (8.3 in)
Lebar	AK-74M: 70 mm (2.8 in)
Tinggi	AK-74M: 195 mm (7.7 in)
Kartrij	5.45×39mm
Aksi	Gas-operated,rotating bolt
Kadar tembakan	Cyclic: 650 (rd/min); Practical:; Automatic: 100 (rd/min); Semi-auto: 40 (rd/min)
Halaju muncung	880–900 m/s (2,887–2,953 ft/s) (AK-74, AKS-74, AK-74M); 735 m/s (2,411 ft/s) (AKS-74U)
Jarak tembakan efektif	500 m (550 yd) ((AK-74, AKS-74, AK-74M point target); 800 m (870 yd) ((AK-74, AKS-74, AK-74M area target)
Jarak tembakan maksimum	3,150 m (3,440 yd)
Sistem suapan	30-round or 45-roundRPK-74detachable boxmagazine
Penglihatan	Bidikan besi boleh selaras, front post and rear notch on a scaled tangent; Flip-up sight and front cylindrical post (AKS-74U)

AK-74(bahasa Rusia:Автомат Калашникова образца 1974 годаatau "Rifel automatik Kalashnikov model 1974" ) merupakanrifle tempuryang dibangunkan pada awal tahun 1970, oleh pereka Rusia Mikhail Kalashnikov sebagai penggantiAKMyang lebih awal (ia sendiri merupakan versi peningkatan bagiAK-47). Ia menggunakan katrij5.45×39mmlebih kecil, menggantikan kebuk7.62×39mmsenjata pola Kalashnikov terdahulu.

Senapan pertama kali melihat perkhidmatan dengan tentera Soviet terlibat pada tahun 1979 Afghanistan konflik. [10] Ketua biro Afghanistan dari Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence mendakwa bahawa CIA dibayar $ 5,000 untuk pertama AK-74 yang diambil oleh mujahidin selama Soviet perang di Afghanistan.

Rifle itu mula berkhidmat dengan pasukan Soviet yang terbabit dalamkonflik Afghanistan1979.^[10]Ketua biro Afghanistan bagi Perisikan Antara-Perkhidmatan Pakistan mendakwa bahawa CIA membayar $5,000 bagi AK-74 pertama yang dirampas oleh mujahidin ketika perang Soviet di Afghanistan.^[11]

Pada masa kini, rifle ini terus digunakan oleh kebanyakan negara-negara bekas Kesatuan Soviet. Selain itu, salinan berlesen telah dihasilkan di Bulgaria (AK-74, AKS-74 dan AKS-74U), bekas Jerman Timur (MPI-AK-74N, MPi-AKS-74N, MPi-AKS-74NK) dan Romania (PA md. 86).^[10]^[12]^[13]Selain bekas republik Soviet dan negara-negara Eropah Timur, Mongolia, Pasukan Khas Korea Utara, dan infantri Angkatan Laut Orang Vietnam turut menggunakan AK-74 ini.

Perincian reka bentuk

AK-74 adalah merupakan adaptasi bagi rifle tempurAKM 7.62×39mmdan mempunyai ciri penambahbaikan rekabentuk penting.^[10]Pengubahsuaian ini terutama hasil menukar rifle ini pada katrij kaliber5.45×39mmperantaraan, malah, beberapa awal model dilaporkan telahAKMdiubah, ditukar laras pada 5.45×39mm.^[14]Secara perbandingan bersaiz kecil, ringan, katrij tentera kelajuan tinggi seperti 5.45×39mm membenarkan seorang tentera bagi membawa lebih banyak peluru dengan berat yang sama berbanding katrij lebih besar dan berat sebelumnya dan menghasilkan tujahan bolt agak rendah dan bebas denyutan anjalan, cenderung reka bentuk senjata ringan dan ketepatan tembakan automatik.^[15]Ujian menunjukkan tenaga anjalan bebas yang dihasilkan oleh rifle 5.45×39mm AK-74 adalah 3.39 J (2.50 ka·lb), berbanding dengan 7.19 J (5.30 ka·lb) yang dihasilkan oleh 7.62×39mm bagi AKM.^[16]Hasilnya adalah rifle yang lebih tepat dan boleh diharap berbanding AKM.^[10]AK-74 dan AKM berkongsi sekitar 50% bahagian bersama (salingtukar seringkali adalah pin, spring dan skru).

Pengguna

Afghanistan^[17]
Armenia^[17]AK-74 masih lagi digunakan sebagai raifal rasmiAngkatan tentera Armenia.
Azerbaijan:^[17]AK-74M dikilangkan dengan lesen bawahMenteri keselamatan industri Azerbaijan.^[18]^[19]^[20]
Belarus^[17]
Bulgaria:AR-M1(Variasi kepada AK-74) dan AKS-74U serta dikilangkan sendiri.^[21]
Cyprus:AK-74M digunakan olehPengawal Kebangsaan Cyprus(Tentera Greek-Cypriot)^[22]
Georgia (negara):^[17]Digunakan bersama-sama denganColt M4dalam perkhidmatan di Georgia.
Iran^[17]:KL-74M (Variasi kepadaAK-74M) dikilangkan sendiri dengan lesen bawahPertubujam Indistri Pertahanan.
Jordan^[17]
Kazakhstan^[17]
Kyrgyzstan^[17]
Lubnan^[23]
Moldova^[17]
Mongolia^[17]
Korea Utara^[24]Dikilangkan sendiri dengan nama Type-88 dan Type-98-1.
Poland:Kbk wz. 1988 Tantaldikilangkan didalam negeri, Tamat perkhidmatan pada tahun 2005, sebahagian yang lebih dijual kepadaIraq.^[1]
Romania:Dikilangkan sendiri.^[1]
Rusia:AK-74M masih lagi menjadi raifal perkhidmatan bagiAngkatan tentera Russia.^[1]
Kesatuan Soviet:Digunakan untuk pertama kali dalamPerang Soviet di Afghanistanpada lingkungan 1980s.^[25]
Syria
Tajikistan^[17]
Turkmenistan^[17]
Ukraine^[17]
Uzbekistan^[17]

Galeri

Infantri Navy Soviet membawa rifle AK-74.
Infantri Navy Soviet dengan rifle AKS-74 dipasang bayonet.
Kadet Tentera Bawaan Udara Rusia membawa rifle AK-74M semasa Perarakan Kemenangan Tahunan Moscow.

Kadet Tentera Bawaan Udara Rusia membawa rifle AK-74M semasa Perarakan Kemenangan Tahunan Moscow.
Tentera Bawaan Udara Rusia (VDV) menembak rifle AK-74M.
AK-74 dengan kelopak dan tin peluru 5.45×39mm (7N6).

Nota

^^a ^b ^c ^dhttp://world.guns.ru/assault/as02-e.htm
^militaryparitet.com (Russian)
^http://world.guns.ru/assault/rus/ak-74-e.html
^"Izhmash—manufacturer's website 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74M, AK105".Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2015-02-21.Dicapai pada2014-10-20.
^http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3
^http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3
^http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3
^"Izhmash—manufacturer's website 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74M, AK105".Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2015-02-21.Dicapai pada2014-10-20.
^http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3
^^a ^b ^c ^dWoźniak, Ryszard:Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 1 A-F,page 25. Bellona, 2001.
^C. J. Chivers (12 October 2010).The Gun.Simon & Schuster. m/s. 382–383.ISBN 978-1-4391-9653-3.Dicapai pada5 July2013.
^Cutshaw, Charlie:The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo,page 92. Paladin Press, 1998.
^McNab, Chris:The AK47 (Weapons of War),page 25. Spellmount Publishers, 2001.
^Kokalis, Peter:Weapons Tests And Evaluations: The Best Of Soldier Of Fortune,page 45. Paladin Press, 2001.
^Assault Rifles and Their Ammunition: History and Prospects by Anthony G. Williams
^The Russians are coming! The Russians are coming! Or maybe the Polish by Holt Bodinson, Guns Magazine / Sept, 2008
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^oJones, Richard D.Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010.Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009).ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
^"Azerbaijan starts serial production of AK-74M assault rifles basing on Russian license".APA.Dicapai pada2011-08-14.
^"Azerbaijan begins AK-74M production".United Press International. 12 July 2011.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 2011-07-12.Dicapai pada2013-05-21.Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)
^"Azerbaijan starts production of Kalashnikovs".News.az. 7 July 2011.Dicapai pada2013-05-21.Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)
^http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Police-and-Homeland-Security-Equipment/Arsenal-Co-Kazanlak-5-45-mm-assault-rifle-AR-M1-Bulgaria.html
^http://www.greekmilitary.net/cypriottroops.html
^http://weaponsystems.net/weapon.php?weapon=AA04%20-%20AK-74
^http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf
^Marchington, James (2004).The Encyclopedia of Handheld Weapons.Lewis International, Inc.ISBN 1-930983-14-X.

Rujukan

Cutshaw, Charlie (1998).The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo.Boulder, Colo.: Paladin Press.ISBN 0-87364-993-1.
Kokalis, Peter (2001).Weapons Tests and Evaluations: The Best of Soldier of Fortune.Boulder, Colo.: Paladin Press.ISBN 978-1-58160-122-0.
McNab, Chris (2001).The AK47 (Weapons of War).Staplehurst, UK: Spellmount Publishers.ISBN 978-1-86227-116-6.
Walter, John (2006).Rifles of the World(ed. 3rd). Iola, Wis.: Krause Publications.ISBN 978-0-89689-241-5.
Woźniak, Ryszard (2001).Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej – tom 1 A-F(dalam bahasa Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. m/s. 25–29.ISBN 83-11-09149-8.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Monetchikov, Sergei (2005).История русского автомата(dalam bahasa Russian). St. Petersburg:Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps.ISBN 5-98655-006-4.Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Pautan luar

[popenker-1] ttp://world.guns.ru/assault/as02-e.htm

[список-2] taryparitet.com (Russian)

[3] ttp://world.guns.ru/assault/rus/ak-74-e.html

[4] "Izhmash—manufacturer's website 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74M, AK105".Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2015-02-21.Dicapai pada2014-10-20.

[5] ttp://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3

[6] ttp://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3

[7] ttp://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3

[8] "Izhmash—manufacturer's website 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74M, AK105".Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2015-02-21.Dicapai pada2014-10-20.

[9] ttp://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/weg2001.pdfOPFOR Worldwide Equipment Guide, Sep 2001, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, TRADOC DCSINT, Threat Support Directorate, 700 Scott Avenue, Bldg 53, FORT LEAVENWORTH, KS, 66027-1323, page 1-3

[Woźniak-10] Woźniak, Ryszard:Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 1 A-F,page 25. Bellona, 2001.

[Chivers2010-11] C. J. Chivers (12 October 2010).The Gun.Simon & Schuster. m/s. 382–383.ISBN 978-1-4391-9653-3.Dicapai pada5 July2013.

[Cutshaw-12] Cutshaw, Charlie:The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo,page 92. Paladin Press, 1998.

[McNab-13] McNab, Chris:The AK47 (Weapons of War),page 25. Spellmount Publishers, 2001.

[Kokalis-14] Kokalis, Peter:Weapons Tests And Evaluations: The Best Of Soldier Of Fortune,page 45. Paladin Press, 2001.

[15] Assault Rifles and Their Ammunition: History and Prospects by Anthony G. Williams

[16] The Russians are coming! The Russians are coming! Or maybe the Polish by Holt Bodinson, Guns Magazine / Sept, 2008

[jones2009-17] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^oJones, Richard D.Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010.Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009).ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.

[18] "Azerbaijan starts serial production of AK-74M assault rifles basing on Russian license".APA.Dicapai pada2011-08-14.

[19] "Azerbaijan begins AK-74M production".United Press International. 12 July 2011.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 2011-07-12.Dicapai pada2013-05-21.Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)

[20] "Azerbaijan starts production of Kalashnikovs".News.az. 7 July 2011.Dicapai pada2013-05-21.Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (bantuan)

[Janes-21] ttp://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Police-and-Homeland-Security-Equipment/Arsenal-Co-Kazanlak-5-45-mm-assault-rifle-AR-M1-Bulgaria.html

[HELLAS123-22] ttp://www.greekmilitary.net/cypriottroops.html

[23] ttp://weaponsystems.net/weapon.php?weapon=AA04%20-%20AK-74

[24] ttp://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf

[marchington2004-25] Marchington, James (2004).The Encyclopedia of Handheld Weapons.Lewis International, Inc.ISBN 1-930983-14-X.

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