Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Penampilan
Ernst Kaltenbrunner | |
---|---|
Pengarah Jabatan Keselamatan Utama Reich | |
Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 | |
Dilantik oleh | Adolf Hitler |
Didahului oleh | Reinhard Heydrich/Heinrich Himmler(pemangku) |
Digantikan oleh | Tiada |
PresidenICPC | |
Dalam jawatan 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 | |
Didahului oleh | Arthur Nebe |
Butiran peribadi | |
Lahir | 4 Oktober 1903 Ried im Innkreis,Austria Atas,Austria-HungarysekarangAustria |
Meninggal dunia | 16 Oktober 1946 (umur 43 tahun) Nuremberg,Bavaria,Jerman taklukan Bersekutu |
Kerakyatan | Austria |
Parti politik | Parti Nazi(NSDAP) |
Alma mater | Universiti Graz |
Profesion | Peguam |
Perkhidmatan ketenteraan | |
Kesetiaan | Jerman Nazi |
Perkhidmatan/cawangan | Schutzstaffel |
Tahun perkhidmatan | 1940–1945 |
Pangkat | Obergruppenführerund General der Polizei undWaffen-SS |
Ernst Kaltenbrunner(4 Oktober 1903 – 16 Oktober 1946) adalah seorang pegawai kananJerman Naziyang berkelahiranAustriasemasaPerang Dunia II.SeorangObergruppenführer(Leftenan Jeneral) dalamSchutzstaffel(SS), antara Januari 1943 dan Mei 1945 beliau menyandang jawatan KetuaJabatan Keselamatan Utama ReichReichssicherheitshauptamt;RSHA). Beliau merupakan pegawai tertinggi SS yang dibicarakan dalamPerbicaraan Nuremberg.Beliau telah didapati bersalah keranajenayah perangdanjenayah terhadap kemanusiaandan dijatuhi hukuman mati.
Dalam budaya popular
[sunting|sunting sumber]Kaltenbrunner has been portrayed by the following actors in film, television and theater productions, including:[1]
- Edward Underdownin the1958BritishfilmThe Two-Headed Spy.
- Branko Plešain the 1971Yugoslaviantelevision productionNirnberški epilog.
- Alain Nobis in the 1972Frenchtelevision productionLa Tragédie de Vérone.
- Mikhail Zharkovsky in the 1973RussianT.V. mini-seriesSemnadtsat mgnoveniy vesny(Seventeen Moments of Spring).[2]
- Hans Meyerin the 1978United StatesT.V. miniseriesHolocaust.
- John Moffattin the 1981Britishtelevision seriesPrivate Schulz.
- Hans Meyerin the 1982 United States television productionInside the Third Reich.
- Christopher Heyerdahlin the 2000Canadian/U.S. T.V. productionNuremberg.
Tarikh kenaikkan pangkat
[sunting|sunting sumber]- SS-Mann– 31 Ogos 1931[3]
- SS-Truppführer- 1931[3]
- SS-Sturmhauptführer– 25 September 1932[3]
- SS-Standartenführer– 20 April 1936[3]
- SS-Oberführer– 20 April 1937[3]
- SS-Brigadeführer– 21 Mac 1938[3]
- SS-Gruppenführer– 11 September 1938[3]
- SS-Untersturmführerd.R. der Waffen-SS– 1 Julai 1940[3]
- GeneralleutnantderPolizei– 1 April 1941[3]
- SS-Obergruppenführerund General derPolizei– 21 Jun 1943[3]
- General derWaffen-SSund Polizei– 1 Disember 1944[3]
- Anugerah dan pingat kebesaran
- Honour Chevron for the Old Guard(1934)[4]
- SS Honour Ring(1938)[4]
- Sword of honour of the Reichsführer-SS(1938)[4]
- Medal Peringatan Anschluss(1938)[4]
- Medal Peringatan Sudetenland(1938) berserta Bar Istana Prague (1939)[4]
- Golden Party Badge(1939)[4]
- SS Long Service AwardUntuk 4, 8, dan 12 Tahun Perkhidmatan[4]
- Nazi Party Long Service Awardwarna Gangsa dan Perak[4]
- Blood Order(31 Mei 1942)[4]
- German Crosswarna Perak (1943)[4]
- Knight Cross of the War Merit Crossberserta Pedang (1944)[4]
Lihat juga
[sunting|sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting|sunting sumber]Petikan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^"Ernst Kaltenbrunner (Character)".IMDb.com.Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2016-03-10.Dicapai padaMay 8,2008.Cite has empty unknown parameters:
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(bantuan) - ^""Semnadtsat mgnoveniy vesny "(1973)".IMDb.com.Dicapai padaMay 8,2008.Cite has empty unknown parameters:
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(bantuan) - ^abcdefghijkMiller 2015,m/s. 393.
- ^abcdefghijkMiller 2015,m/s. 406, 407.
Bibliografi
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Breitman, Richard (1994). "Himmler, the Architect of Genocide". Dalam David Cesarani, ed. (penyunting).The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation.London and New York: Routledge.ISBN978-0-41515-232-7.CS1 maint: extra text: editors list (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Conot, Roberrt E. (2000).Justice at Nuremberg.New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers.ISBN978-0-88184-032-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gerwarth, Robert (2012).Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.ISBN978-0-30018-772-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Graber, G. S. (1978).The History of the SS.New York: D. McKay.ISBN0-679-50754-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Grunberger, Richard (1993).Hitler’s SS.New York: Dorset Press.ISBN978-1-56619-152-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hildebrand, Klaus (1984).The Third Reich.London and New York: Routledge.ISBN0-0494-3033-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Höhne, Heinz (2001).The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS.New York: Penguin Press.ISBN978-0-14139-012-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kahn, David (1978).Hitler’s Spies: German Intelligence in World War II.New York: MacMillan.ISBN0-02-560610-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Longerich, Peter (2012).Heinrich Himmler: A Life.Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-959232-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Manvell, Roger; Fraenkel, Heinrich (2011).Goering: The Rise and Fall of the Notorious Nazi Leader.New York: Skyhorse Publishing.ISBN978-1-61608-109-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Marrus, Michael R. (1997).The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, 1945–46: A Documentary History.Boston: Bedford Books.ISBN978-0-31213-691-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Miller, Michael (2015).Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 2.San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.ISBN978-19-329-7025-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Moorehead, Caroline (1999) [1998].Dunant's Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross.Carroll & Graf Publishing.ISBN978-0786706099.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Overy, Richard (2010).The Third Reich: A Chronicle.New York: Quercus Publishing Inc.ISBN978-1-62365-456-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Read, Anthony (2005).The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle.New York: Norton.ISBN978-039332-697-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rosmus, Anna (2015).Hitlers Nibelungen: Niederbayern im Aufbruch zu Krieg und Untergang(dalam bahasa German). Grafenau: Samples Verlag.ISBN978-3-93840-132-3.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Snyder, Louis L (1976).Encyclopedia of the Third Reich.London: Robert Hale.ISBN978-1-56924-917-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Stackelberg, Roderick (2007).The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany.New York: Routledge.ISBN978-0-41530-861-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wistrich, Robert (1995).Who's Who In Nazi Germany.New York: Routledge.ISBN978-0-41511-888-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Yahil, Leni (1990).The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945.Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-504522-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991).The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich.(2 vols.) New York: MacMillan Publishing.ISBN0-02-897500-6.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pautan luar
[sunting|sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commonsmempunyai media berkaitan:Ernst Kaltenbrunner. |
Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai:Ernst Kaltenbrunner |
- Kaltenbrunner defense broadcast during Nuremberg Trial,reported byMatthew Haltonand broadcast on April 12, 1946; via the archives of theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation;2m:36s
- Testimony of Rudolf Hoess in the Nuremberg TrialDiarkibkan2006-03-07 diWayback Machine
- Nuremberg filmat IMDB
- Seventeen Moments of Spring filmat IMDB
- Holocaust miniseriesat IMDB
Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh Heinrich Himmler(memangku) |
Pengarah Jabatan Keselamatan Utama Reich 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Tiada |
Didahului oleh Arthur Nebe |
Presiden Interpol 30 Januari 1943 – 12 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Florent Louwage |
Pegawai tentera | ||
Didahului oleh Tiada |
Panglima TertinggiSelatan Jerman 18 April 1945 – 2 Mei 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Albert Kesselring |