Harlow Shapley
Harlow Shapley | |
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![]() Gambar dari arkib Smithson | |
Kelahiran | 2 November 1885 |
Meninggal dunia | 20 Oktober 1972 | (umur 86)
Warganegara | Amerika Syarikat |
Pusat pendidikan | Universiti Missouri,Universiti Princeton |
Terkenal kerana | PengukuranBima Sakti |
Kerjaya saintifik | |
Bidang | Astronomi |
Penasihat kedoktoran | Henry Norris Russell |
Harlow Shapley(2 November 1885 – 20 Oktober 1972) adalah seorang ahli astronomiAmerika Syarikat.Beliau banyak menulis buku tentang sainsastronomi;beliau khusus terkenal kerana melakukan pengukuran jarakBima Saktiserta kedudukanMataharidanplanet-planet edarandalam galaksi ini.[1][2]
Beliau turut menceburi bidang aktivisme: beliau terlibat dalam pengasasanUNESCOmelalui pengutamaan bidang sains sebagai antara objektif pertubuhan tersebut.[3]
Kerjaya penyelidikan
[sunting|sunting sumber]Kajian angkasa
[sunting|sunting sumber]Debat Hebat melawan Heber Curtis
[sunting|sunting sumber]Shapley bertanding dalam suatu debat mengenai jarak nebula dan galaksi diutarakanHeber D. CurtisdiAkademi Sains Kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat,Washington, D.C.pada 26 April 1920.
Soal siasat zaman McCarthy
[sunting|sunting sumber]Beliauhadir dibicarakanJawatankuasa Kegiatan Tidak Amerika Dewan(House Un-American Activities Committee,HUAC) atas pertuduhan mengikuti fahaman "Rusofil"melalui penganggotaan beliau dalamJawatankuasa Seni, Sains dan Kepakaran Bebas Rakyatyang membangkang pelantikan semula seorang wakil negeri Massachusetts. Beliau menempelak tuduhan yang dilontarkan ke atasnya serta pendekatan HUAC yang dilihat sembarangan serta berasaskan cuba menakutkan rakyat awam;[2][4]beliau tidak sahaja digugurkan dari pembicaraan ini malah dilantik sebagai presiden pertamaPersatuan Kemajuan Sains Amerika Syarikathasil sokongan para saintis terhadapnya.[2]
Usia tua
[sunting|sunting sumber]Penulisan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Galaxies.The Harvard books on astronomy. Harvard University Press. 1972.ISBN978-0674340510.
- Through Rugged Ways to the Stars.Scribner. 1969.
- Beyond the Observatory.Scribner. 1967.
- The View from a Distant Star: Man's Future in the Universe.Dell Publishing, Co. 1964.
- Source book in astronomy, 1900–1950.Source books in the history of the sciences. Harvard University Press. 1960.
- Of Stars and Men: The Human Response to an Expanding Universe.Beacon Press. 1958.
- Shapley, Harlow (1958).A Census of Northern Galaxies in an Area of 3600 Square Degrees.Harvard College Observatory. Annals, v. 88, no. 7. Beacon Press.
- Climatic Change.Harvard University Press. 1953.
- Galactic and Extragalactic Studies, XVIII.Volume 36. National Academy of Sciences. 1948.
- Time and Its Mysteries.Series 1:Lectures given on the James Arthur Foundation, New York University. New York University Press. 1936.
- The Angular Diameters of Bright Galaxies.The Observatory. 1934.
- Flights from Chaos: A Survey of Material Systems from Atoms to Galaxies, Adapted from Lectures at the College of the City of New York, Class of 1872 Foundation.Whittlesey House, McGraw–Hill Book Company, Inc. 1930.Bibcode:1930fcsm.book.....S.
- Starlight.George H. Doran Co. 1926.
- Descriptions and Positions of 2,829 New Nebulae...Harvard College Observatory. Annals, v. 85, no. 6. The Observatory. 1924.
Anugerah dan kehormatan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Henry Draper Medaltahun 1926
- Prix Jules Janssenof the French Astronomical Society tahun 1933
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Societytahun 1934
- Bruce Medaltahun 1939
- Franklin Medaltahun 1945
- Henry Norris Russell Lectureshiptahun 1950
Rujukan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^Bart J. Bok. Harlow Shapely 1885–1972 A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Sciences
- ^abc"Dr. Harlow Shapley Dies at 86. Dean of American Astronomers. Dr. Harlow Shapley, Dean of American Astronomers, Dies at 86".New York Times.October 21, 1972.Dicapai pada2014-01-15.
- ^Mather, Kirtley Fletcher (1888–1978)(Summer 1971)."Harlow Shapley, Man of the World".The American Scholar(dalam bahasa Inggeris).Phi Beta Kappa Society.40(3): 475–481.JSTOR41209873.Dicapai padaApril 22,2021( "it was Shapley who almost singlehandedly prevented the deletion of the" S "from UNESCO." p. 478)CS1 maint: postscript (link).ISSN0003-0937(publication);OCLC38258794and5543369091(article).
- ^Goodman, Walter(1968).The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities.Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. m/s. 187.ISBN9780374126889.Dicapai padaJanuary 7,2018.