Orang Kazakh

Kazakhs
қазақтар
	; ; ; (kiri ke kanan)A. Qunanbayuli•Ablai Khan•S. Kurmangazy•A. Baitursynov•T. Aubakirov•N. Nazarbayev; Kassym-Jomart Tokayev•Assan Bazayev•Absattar Derbisali•Mukhtar Shakhanov•Radik Zhaparov•Aliya Yussupova
Jumlah penduduk
	Sekitar 17,000,000
Kawasan ramai penduduk
Kazakhstan	13,000,000
Uzbekistan	800,000
Republik Rakyat China	1,500 000
Rusia	600,000
Turkmenistan	20,000
Mongolia	100,000
Kyrgyzstan	35,000
Afghanistan	1,000
Turki	19,000
Amerika Syarikat	5,000
Jerman	890
Tajikistan	900
Iran	3,000
Kanada	2,000
Ukraine	5,526
Republik Czech	3,000
Belarus	1,239
Australia	1,900
Bahasa
	Kazakh,Rusia,Turkik; (dan/atau bahasa di negara kediaman)
Agama
	KebanyakannyaIslamSunni
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
	Orang Turkilain

Kazakhadalahorang Turkidaripada bahagian utaraAsia Tengah(sebahagian besarKazakhstan,tetapi juga ditemui diUzbekistan,China,RusiadanMongolia).

Mereka berasal dari keturunan suku sukuTurki(KipchakdanNaiman,Cuman,Nogai,Qarluq,Kankali), kumpulan Mongol (Kiyat, Kerait, Onggirat, Argyn, Manghud, Jalayir, Dughlat), keluarga Indo -- Iran (Wusun, Sarmatian, Sacae, Scythian, dll) danHunyang penduduknya tinggal di wilayah antaraSiberiadanLaut Hitamdan metetap diAsia Tengahketika Turki dan kumpulan Mongolia mula menakluk pada abad ke-15 dan ke-13 M.

Etimologi

Kazakh bermaksud bebas atau orang bebas. Istilah Turki qaz bermaksud mengembara di kawasan steppe - gurun dengan rumput-rumput keras.

Kebudayaan

Kebudayaan orang Kazakh adalah pelbagai kerana faktor phenotypical. Bentuk khemah mereka lebih condong kepada Mongoloid. Kulit mereka coklat, hidung bengkok dan tulang pipi tinggi. Nomad ini berkeliaran di Pergunungan Altai di utara Mongolia dan terdapat juga di padang-padang rumput steppe Asia Tengah.

Alat muzik yang popular ialahdombra- memetik kecapi dengan dua senar. Alat ini digunakan ketika nyanyia solo dan berkumpulan.

Mereka mengamalkan sistem perkahwinanexokamousiaitu perkahwinan dengan keturunan nenek moyang dianggaptabu.Dalam perkahwinan, keturunan ayah menentukan.

Bahasa yang digunakan mirip bahasa Turki yang tersebar diEropah Timur,Asia Tengah,Xinjiang,danSiberia.Bahasa ini mirip menyamai bahasaUzbek,Kyrgyz,Tatar,Uyghur,Turkey,AzerbaijandanTurkmen.

Agama anutan mereka ialahIslam,yang dibawa oleh orangArabpada abad ke-8. Awalnya Islam tersebar diTurkistan,kemudian tersebar di utara. Ia ada kaitan dengan mubalighSamaniddi sekitarTarazdi mana ramai orang Turki memeluk agama Islam. Pada peringkat awal, Russia membiarkan agama Islam berkembang di mana ulama Muslim dijemput memberi khutbah. Semangat keagamaan ini membentuk pengikut Pan-Turkisme.

Galeri

Rujukan

^Kazakhstan National Census 2009 preliminary results
^Kazakh population share was constant at 4.1% in 1959-1989 (CIA estimates) and declined to 3% in 1996. Official Uzbekistan estimation (E. Yu. Sadovskaya «Migration in Kazakhstan in the beginning of XXI century: main tendentions and perspectives»ISBN 9965-593-01-9) in 1999 was 940,600 Kazakhs or 3.8% of total population. If Kazakh population share was stable at about 4.1% (not taking into account the massive repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs (oralman) to Kazakhstan) andthe Uzbekistan population in the middle of 2008was 27.3 mln, the Kazakh population would be 1.1 mln. Using the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 mln
^Census 2000 counts 1.25 mln Kazakhs[1],later the Kazakh population had higher birth rate, but some assimilation processes were present too. Estimations made after the 2000 Cesus are claiming Kazakh population share growth (was 0,104 % in 2000), but even if this share value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 mln in 2008
^2002 Census ethnic compositiondata, in 2003-2008 Kazakhstan national statistics noted the oralman (ethnic Kazakhs) repatriation to Kazakhstan
^In 1995 Kazakh poulation was 86,987[2]or 1.94 % population total. Later was a massive pepartriation of ethnic Kazakh population (oralman) to Kazakhstan: 22,000 before 2001 and 38,000-40,000 in 2001—2007. Press reports are claiming[3],[4],[5]the most part of Kazakhs had left Turkmenistan
^Ethnic composition of the Mongolian population in 2007,Mongolian government 2007. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
^National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan. 2008 estimation
^^a ^b ^c ^dThe Kazakh Diasporas:Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Information(Rusia).Retrieved on 6 April 2009
^Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan.Retrieved on 6 April 2009
^Ukrainian population census 2001:Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved on 23 April 2009
^Belarus population census 1999:National composition of the population. Retrieved on 23 April 2009

[Census2009-1] Kazakhstan National Census 2009 preliminary results

[Uzb-2009-2] Kazakh population share was constant at 4.1% in 1959-1989 (CIA estimates) and declined to 3% in 1996. Official Uzbekistan estimation (E. Yu. Sadovskaya «Migration in Kazakhstan in the beginning of XXI century: main tendentions and perspectives»ISBN 9965-593-01-9) in 1999 was 940,600 Kazakhs or 3.8% of total population. If Kazakh population share was stable at about 4.1% (not taking into account the massive repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs (oralman) to Kazakhstan) andthe Uzbekistan population in the middle of 2008was 27.3 mln, the Kazakh population would be 1.1 mln. Using the CIA estimate of the share of Kazakhs (3%), the total Kazakh population in Uzbekistan would be 0.8 mln

[China-3] Census 2000 counts 1.25 mln Kazakhs[1],later the Kazakh population had higher birth rate, but some assimilation processes were present too. Estimations made after the 2000 Cesus are claiming Kazakh population share growth (was 0,104 % in 2000), but even if this share value was preserved at 0.104% level it would be no less than 1.4 mln in 2008

[Census2002-4] 2002 Census ethnic compositiondata, in 2003-2008 Kazakhstan national statistics noted the oralman (ethnic Kazakhs) repatriation to Kazakhstan

[Turkmen-5] In 1995 Kazakh poulation was 86,987[2]or 1.94 % population total. Later was a massive pepartriation of ethnic Kazakh population (oralman) to Kazakhstan: 22,000 before 2001 and 38,000-40,000 in 2001—2007. Press reports are claiming[3],[4],[5]the most part of Kazakhs had left Turkmenistan

[6] Ethnic composition of the Mongolian population in 2007,Mongolian government 2007. Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[Kyrgyz-7] National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan. 2008 estimation

[diaspora-8] The Kazakh Diasporas:Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Information(Rusia).Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[9] Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan.Retrieved on 6 April 2009

[10] Ukrainian population census 2001:Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved on 23 April 2009

[11] Belarus population census 1999:National composition of the population. Retrieved on 23 April 2009

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