Orang Ireland

Bangsa Ireland
*(Éireannaigh)*
	Fail:Irish people collage.jpg Baris ke-1:Oscar Wilde•Maureen O'Hara•Red Hugh O'Donnell•Bono•Oliver Goldsmith•Bob Geldof Baris ke-2:Mary McAleese•Ernest Shackleton•Pierce Brosnan•Enya•Hugh O'Neill•Robert Boyle•Saint Brigid Baris ke-3:Jonathan Rhys Meyers•Daniel O'Connell•James Joyce•Countess Markievicz•Sharon Corr•Patrick Pearse•Michael Collins
Kawasan ramai penduduk
Ireland	3,900,660
Amerika Syarikat	36,495,800
Templat:Country data Britania Raya	14,000,000
Kanada	4.354.155
Australia	1,900,000
Argentina	1.000.000
Templat:Country data Meksiko	300.000–600.000
Bahasa
	Ireland,Inggeris,Skot Ulster,Shelta
Agama
	Katolik Roma(majoriti),Presbyterian,Anglikan,Metodis(lihat pulaAgama di Ireland)
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
	Breton,Cornwall,Manx,Skotlandia,Skot Ulster,Inggeris,Wales
	* Around 800,000 Irish born people reside in Britain, with around 14,000,000 people claiming Irish ancestry.

Bangsa Ireland(Ireland:Muintir na hÉireanncode: ga is deprecated,na hÉireannaigh,na Gaedhil) adalahsuku bangsayang berasal dariIreland,sebuah pulau di baratlaut Eropa. Ireland telah dihuni selama 9.000 tahun (menurut studi arkeologi, lihatIreland Prasejarah), dengan leluhur tertua bangsa Ireland yang tercatat^[9]memiliki legenda sebagai keturunan dari kelompok manusia sepertiNemedia,Fomoria,Fir Bolg,Tuatha Dé Danannand theMilesia,kelompook terakhir diduga mewakili silsilah Gaelik "murni" dan masih digunakan sebagai sebutan untuk ras Ireland saat ini. Kelompok utama yang berinteraksi dengan bangsa Ireland pada Abad Pertengahan adalahbangsa SkotlandiadanViking,denganbangsa Islandiamemiliki sedikit keturunan Ireland. InvasiInggris-Normanpada Abad Pertengahan Tinggi, perkebunan Inggris dan kekuasaan Inggris di negara ini memperkenalkan bangsaNormandanFlandriake Ireland.Bangsa Wales,Pict,Breton,dan sekelompok kecilGaliadanInggris-Saksonsudah lebih dahulu dikenal di Ireland.

Ada banyak tokoh Ireland terkenal sepanjang sejarah. Biarawan dan misionaris Ireland abad ke-6Columbanusdianggap sebagai salah seorang "bapak pendiriEropa",^[10]diikuti olehKilian dari WürzburgdanVergilius dari Salzburg.IlmuwanRobert Boyledianggap sebagai "bapakkimia".Penjelajah Ireland terkenal meliputiBrendan sang Navigator,Ernest Shackleton,danTom Crean.Menurut sejumlah kesaksian, anak Eropa pertama yang lahir di Amerika Utara adalah keturunan Ireland;^[11]sementara seorang Ireland juga merupakan penduduk Eropa pertama yang menjejakkan kaki di tanah Amerika dalamekspedisi Columbustahun 1492.^[12]

Hingga akhirzaman moden awal,kebanyakan warga Ireland berpendidikan mampu berbicara dan menulishuruf LatindanYunani.^[13]Penulis Ireland terkenal dalambahasa InggrismeliputiBram Stoker,Jonathan Swift,James Joyce,Flann O'Brien,Oscar Wilde,William Butler Yeats,Samuel Beckett,Patrick KavanaghandSeamus Heaney.Sejumlah penulis abad ke-20 dalambahasa IrelandmeliputiBrian O'Nolan(aka Flann O'Brien),Máirtín Ó Cadhain,Pádraic Ó Conaire,Tomás Ó Criomhthain,Peig Sayers,Muiris Ó SúilleabháindanMáirtín Ó Direáin.

Sejumlah besar etnis Ireland menetap di banyak negara-negaraBarat,terutama di negara berbahasaInggeris.Secara bersejarah, emigrasi disebabkan oleh masalah politik, kelaparan dan ekonomi. Sekitar 80 juta jiwa membentukdiaspora Irelandhari ini, yang meliputiBritania Raya,Amerika Syarikat,Australia,Kanada,Argentina,Chile,Afrika Selatan,New Zealand,Mexico,Perancis,JermandanBrazil.Jumlah terbesar masyarakat keturunan Ireland menetap di Amerika Syarikat — sekitar sepuluh kali lebih banyak daripada di Ireland sendiri.

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

^American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau."U.S. Census Bureau, 2007".Factfinder.census.gov. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2012-01-07.Dicapai pada2010-05-30.
^"One in four Britons claim Irish roots".BBC News. 2001-03-16.Dicapai pada2010-03-28.
^"Ethnocultural portrait of Canada".Statistics Canada.2006.Dicapai pada2008-07-04.
^The2006 Australian Censusreports 1.9 million people of Irishancestryin the 2001Census.Up to two ancestries could be chosen. Recent increases in the number who identify asAustraliansuggest that this number is an underestimate of the true number with Irish ancestry. With that being said, the number claiming Irish ancestry from the previous census actually more than doubled. One reason, an improved image of what it means to be Irish according to the census experts, making Australians more proud to state their Irish ancestry. Also the Australian Embassy in Dublin states that up to 30 percent of Australians have some degree of Irish ancestry. There are some Irish which have made themselves very famous, such as: Kyran O'Neill -ETC-[1].
^"Flying the Irish flag in Argentina".Western People.2008-03-14. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2007-10-14.Dicapai pada2008-07-04.
^"Irish Mexican – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia".En.wikipedia.org.Dicapai pada2010-03-28.
^Bowcott, Owen (2006-09-13)."More Britons applying for Irish passports | UK news | guardian.co.uk".London: Guardian.Dicapai pada2009-12-31.
^The island history,discoverireland.com
^Boylan, Henry (1998).A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition.Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. m/s. xvi.ISBN 0-7171-2945-4.
^"Pope Calls Irish Monk a Father of Europe".Zenit.2007-07-11. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2012-03-31.Dicapai pada2007-07-15.
^Smiley, p 630
^MacManus, p 343-344
^MacManus, pp 215; 221–222; 461–462

Bahan pustaka

Aldous, Richard (2007).Great Irish Speeches.London: Quercus Publishing PLC.ISBN 1847241956.
Davies, Norman (1996).Europe: A History.Oxford:Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-820171-0.
Ellis, Steven G. (1985).Tudor Ireland: Crown, Community, and the Conflict of Cultures, 1470–1603.Great Britain: Longman.ISBN 0582493412.
MacManus, Seamus (1921).The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland.Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co.ISBN 0-517-06408-1.
McLaughlin, Mark G. (1980).The Wild Geese: The Irish Brigades of France and Spain.Osprey Publishing.ISBN 0850453585.Unknown parameter|illustrator=ignored (bantuan);More than one of|author=dan|last=specified (bantuan)
Nicholls, Kenneth W. (1972).Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland in the Middle Ages.Gill and Macmillan.ISBN 0-7171-0561-X.
Oppenheimer, Stephen(2006).The Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story.Carroll & Graf. ISBNISBN 0-7867-1890-0.
Sykes, Bryan(2006).Blood of the Isles: Exploring the Genetic Roots of Our Tribal History.DNA, Fossil.ISBN 0593056523.
Toman, Rolf (2007).The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting.photography by Achim Bednorz.Tandem Verlag GmbH.ISBN 978-3-8331-4676-3.
Various (2001).The Sagas of Icelanders.edited by Smiley, Jane.Penguin.ISBN 9780141000039.

Pautan luar

Irish surname origins
Irish ancestorson Ireland.com

[1] American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau."U.S. Census Bureau, 2007".Factfinder.census.gov. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2012-01-07.Dicapai pada2010-05-30.

[2] "One in four Britons claim Irish roots".BBC News. 2001-03-16.Dicapai pada2010-03-28.

[CanadaCensus-3] "Ethnocultural portrait of Canada".Statistics Canada.2006.Dicapai pada2008-07-04.

[4] The2006 Australian Censusreports 1.9 million people of Irishancestryin the 2001Census.Up to two ancestries could be chosen. Recent increases in the number who identify asAustraliansuggest that this number is an underestimate of the true number with Irish ancestry. With that being said, the number claiming Irish ancestry from the previous census actually more than doubled. One reason, an improved image of what it means to be Irish according to the census experts, making Australians more proud to state their Irish ancestry. Also the Australian Embassy in Dublin states that up to 30 percent of Australians have some degree of Irish ancestry. There are some Irish which have made themselves very famous, such as: Kyran O'Neill -ETC-[1].

[Argentina-5] "Flying the Irish flag in Argentina".Western People.2008-03-14. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2007-10-14.Dicapai pada2008-07-04.

[6] "Irish Mexican – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia".En.wikipedia.org.Dicapai pada2010-03-28.

[7] Bowcott, Owen (2006-09-13)."More Britons applying for Irish passports | UK news | guardian.co.uk".London: Guardian.Dicapai pada2009-12-31.

[Diaspora-8] The island history,discoverireland.com

[9] Boylan, Henry (1998).A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition.Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. m/s. xvi.ISBN 0-7171-2945-4.

[ColumbanusZenit-10] "Pope Calls Irish Monk a Father of Europe".Zenit.2007-07-11. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2012-03-31.Dicapai pada2007-07-15.

[Smiley630-11] Smiley, p 630

[MacManus343-12] MacManus, p 343-344

[13] MacManus, pp 215; 221–222; 461–462

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