Perubatan alternatif
Perubatan alternatifmerujuk pada sebarang amalan yang mendakwa menyembuhkan "yang tidak termasuk dalam rangkuman perubatan konvensional."[1]Ia mungkin berasaskan sejarah atau tradisi budaya, berbanding dari bukti saintifik.
Perubatan alternatif biasanya dikelompokkan denganperubatan pengiringatauperubatan bersepadu,yang, secara umum, merujuk pada campurtangan yang sama apabila digunakan bersama dengan teknik aliran utama,[2][3][4]di bawah istilah umumperubatan mengiring dan alternatif,atauCAM.[5][6]Para pengkritik mengatakan istilah “pelengkap” dan “perubatan alternatif” merupakaneuphemismmengelirukan bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bidang kuasa perubatan.[7][8][9]
Pada tahun 1998 penilaian semula sistematik bagi kajian menilai penggunaannya di 13 negara merumuskan bahawa sekitar 31% pesakit barah menggunakan satu bentuk perubatan pengiring dan alternatif.[10]Perubatan alternatif berbeza dari satu negara ke negara yang lain. Bidang kuasa di mana amalan perubatan terbesar meluas mungkin melesen dan mengawalkannya. Edzard Ernst telah menyatakab bahawa diAustriadanJermanperubatan pengiring dan alternatif kebanyakannya di tangan pakar perubatan,[5]sementara sesetengan mencadangkan anggaran bahawa separuh dari pengamal alternatifAmerika Syarikatmerupakan para perubatan.[11]Di Jerman herba dikawal ketat: separuh diberikan oleh doktor dan diterima oleh insuran perubatan berdasarkan berdasarkan perundangan Komisen E.[12]
Sumber akademik[sunting|sunting sumber]
- Cochrane and alternative medicineDiarkibkan2010-12-23 diWayback Machine(full lists of updated reviews found onKnowledge and Research Center for Alternative MedicineDiarkibkan2012-04-04 diWayback Machine)
Rujukan[sunting|sunting sumber]
- ^Bratman, MD, Steven (1997).The Alternative Medicine Sourcebook.Lowell House. m/s. 7.ISBN978-1-56565-626-0.
- ^"White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy".March 2002. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2011-08-25.Dicapai pada2012-10-08.Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^Ernst E.(1995)."Complementary medicine: common misconceptions".Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.88(5): 244–247.PMC1295191.PMID7636814.
- ^Joyce CR (1994). "Placebo and complementary medicine".The Lancet.344(8932): 1279–1281.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90757-9.
- ^ab"Interview with [[Edzard Ernst]], editor ofThe Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine".Elsevier Science. 2002.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 2007-03-11.Dicapai pada2012-10-08.URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)
- ^Cassileth BR, Deng G (2004). "Complementary and alternative therapies for cancer".The Oncologist.9(1): 80–9.doi:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-80.PMID14755017.
- ^Carroll RT."complementary medicine"atThe Skeptic's Dictionary
- ^Acupuncture Pseudoscience in the New England Journal of Medicine, Science Based Medicine, Steven Novella,Science-Based Medicine » Acupuncture Pseudoscience in the New England Journal of Medicine
- ^Credulity about acupuncture infiltrates the New England Journal of Medicine, Science Based Medicine, David Gorski,Science-Based Medicine » Credulity about acupuncture infiltrates the New England Journal of Medicine
- ^Ernst E, Cassileth BR (1998). "The prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine in cancer: a systematic review".Cancer.83(4): 777–82.doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980815)83:4<777::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-O.PMID9708945.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - ^Cassileth, Barrie R.(June 1996)."Alternative and Complementary Cancer Treatments".The Oncologist.1(3): 173–9.PMID10387984.
- ^Marty (1999)."The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines".J Amer Med Assoc.281(19): 1852–3.doi:10.1001/jama.281.19.1852.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah ia dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Bacaan lanjut[sunting|sunting sumber]
- Bausell, R. Barker (2007).Snake Oil Science: The Truth About Complementary and Alternative Medicine.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-531368-0.
- Benedetti F, Maggi G, Lopiano L. "Open Versus Hidden Medical Treatments: The Patient's Knowledge About a Therapy Affects the Therapy Outcome."Prevention & Treatment,2003;6(1),APA online
- Bivins, Roberta "Alternative Medicine?: A History" Oxford University Press 2008
- Diamond, J.Snake Oil and Other Preoccupations,2001,ISBN 978-0-09-942833-6,foreword byRichard Dawkinsreprinted in Dawkins, R.,A Devil's Chaplain,2003,ISBN 978-0-7538-1750-6.
- Downing AM, Hunter DG (2003). "Validating clinical reasoning: a question of perspective, but whose perspective?".Manual Therapy.8(2): 117–9.doi:10.1016/S1356-689X(02)00077-2.PMID12890440.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - Eisenberg DM (1997). "Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies".Annals of Internal Medicine.127(1): 61–9.doi:10.1059/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00010.PMID9214254.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - Gunn IP (1998). "A critique of Michael L. Millenson's book, Demanding medical excellence: doctors and accountability in the information age, and its relevance to CRNAs and nursing".AANA Journal.66(6): 575–82.PMID10488264.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - Hand, Wayland Debs (1980). "Folk Magical Medicine and Symbolism in the West".Magical Medicine.Berkeley: University of California Press. m/s. 305–19.ISBN978-0-520-04129-5.OCLC6420468.
- Illich, Ivan(1976).Limits to medicine: medical nemesis: the expropriation of health.Penguin.ISBN978-0-14-022009-4.OCLC4134656.
- Mayo Clinic(2007).Mayo Clinic Book of Alternative Medicine: The New Approach to Using the Best of Natural Therapies and Conventional Medicine.Parsippany, New Jersey:Time IncHome Entertainment.ISBN978-1-933405-92-6.
- Phillips Stevens Jr. (2001). "Magical Thinking in Complementary and Alternative Medicine".Skeptical InquirerMagazine.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - Planer, Felix E. (1988).Superstition(ed. Revised). Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.ISBN978-0-87975-494-5.OCLC18616238.
- Rosenfeld, Anna (circa 2000)."Where Do Americans Go for Healthcare?".Cleveland, Ohio:Case Western Reserve University.Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2006-05-09.Dicapai pada23 September2010.Check date values in:
|year=(bantuan) - Singh, S(2008).Trick or treatment: The undeniable facts about alternative medicine.Norton.ISBN978-0-393-06661-6.OCLC181139440.Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (bantuan);preview atGoogle Books - Tonelli MR (2001). "The limits of evidence-based medicine".Respiratory Care.46(12): 1435–40, discussion 1440–1.PMID11728302.Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan) - Trivieri Larry, Jr.; Anderson, John W., penyunting (2002).Alternative Medicine: The Definitive Guide.Berkeley:Ten Speed Press.ISBN978-1-58761-141-4.
- Wisneski LA, Anderson L (2005).The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine.CRC Press.ISBN978-0-8493-2081-1.
- Zalewski Z (1999)."Importance of philosophy of science to the history of medical thinking".CMJ.40(1): 8–13. Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2004-02-06.Dicapai pada2012-10-08.
Penerbitan Organisasi Kesihatan Sedunia[sunting|sunting sumber]
Journal khusus pada penyelidikan perubatan alternatif[sunting|sunting sumber]
- Alternative therapies in health and medicine. Aliso Viejo, CA: InnoVision Communications, c1995- NLM ID:9502013
- Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic. Sandpoint, Idaho: Thorne Research, Inc., c1996- NLM ID:9705340
- BMC complementary and alternative medicineDiarkibkan2015-09-24 diWayback Machine.London: BioMed Central, 2001- NLM ID:101088661
- Complementary therapies in medicine. Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone, c1993- NLM ID:9308777
- Evidence based complementary and alternative medicineDiarkibkan2009-09-16 diWayback Machine
- Evidence Based journal of Integrative medicine
- Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine
- Journal of Integrative medicine.
- Journal for Alternative and Complementary MedicineNew York, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., c1995
- Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine (SRAM)Diarkibkan2010-08-22 diWayback Machine
- Journal Of Dietary Supplements
Pautan luar[sunting|sunting sumber]
- The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine:U.S.National Institutes of Health
- The Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative MedicineDiarkibkan2009-09-01 diWayback Machine:U.S.National Cancer Institute,National Institutes of Health
- Knowledge and Research Center for Alternative MedicineDiarkibkan2012-04-04 diWayback Machine:Denmark, the Ministry of the Interior and Health
- Guidelines For Using Complementary and Alternative MethodsDiarkibkan2009-12-09 diWayback Machine:from theAmerican Cancer Society
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Index:from theUniversity of Maryland Medical Center
- Integrative Medicine Podcasts and Handouts:Teaching modules from theUniversity of WisconsinIntegrative Medicine Program
- "Alternative Medicine":A BBC/Open University television series that examines the evidence scientifically
- "Complementary and alternative medicine: What is it?":from theMayo Clinic
- Natural Standard Research Collaboration
- Alternative Medicine Health Directory
- "Perubatan alternatif, on season 12, episode 10".Scientific American Frontiers.PBS.2001–2002.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 2006.Unknown parameter
|network=ignored (bantuan)
Kritikan[sunting|sunting sumber]
- Davis, Adam Brooke. "A Few Words About Folk Medicine/"Folklorist argues against uncritical use of traditional healing practices, especially by non-members of the cultures which generate the traditions
- What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine?Diarkibkan2010-05-11 diWayback Machine–Steven Novella,MD
- "Alternative" health practice–Skeptic's Dictionary
- Quackwatch.org–Stephen Barrett(See also:Quackwatch)
- Healing, Hype, or Harm? A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine,by Edzard Ernst (Editor) (2008), reviewed inMetapsychology.Diarkibkan2010-09-25 diWayback Machine
- What's the harm?Website listing cases of people harmed by various alternative treatments.