Curcuma

Curcuma
	Curcuma zedoaria; gambaran 1896
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Plantae
Klad:	Trakeofit
Klad:	Monokot
Klad:	Komelinid
Order:	Zingiberales
Keluarga:	Zingiberaceae
Subkeluarga:	Zingiberoideae
Tribus:	Zingibereae
Genus:	Curcuma; L.
Sinonim
	KuaRheede ex Medic.; ErndliaGiseke; StisseraGiseke 1792, homonim tak sah bukan Heist. ex Fabr. 1759; Hitcheniopsis(Baker) Ridl.; ParacautleyaR.M.Sm.;

Curcuma(/ˈkɜːrkjʊmə/),^[3]turut dipanggiltemu,ialahgenusbagi tumbuhan dalam keluargaZingiberaceaeyang mengandungi spesies semacamkunyitdantulip siam.Ia tempatan dariAsia Tenggara,selatanChina,subbenua India,New Guineadan utaraAustralia.^[4]Beberapa spesies dilaporkan tersebar di bahagian lain dunia yang hangat semacamAfrikatropika,Amerika Tengah,Florida,dan beraneka pulau diLautan Teduh,HindidanAtlantik.Selalunya kebanyakanCurcumatumbuh elok di tanih longgar dan berpasir di kawasan teduh.^[2]^[5]

Penerangan

Curcumainitumbuhan herba sakayang mencapai ketinggian 1 meter. Ia keluarkan sebilanganrimpangmakan yang dalamannya kuning atau jingga. Rimpang ini dibuat serbuk, suatu rempah yang mana dipanggil koma-koma.Daunlanseolatnya bujur atau elips dan hijau uniform, dan sekitar 50 cm panjang dan 7 hingga 25 cm lebar.^[6]

Kegunaan

Namanya terbit daripadaSanskritkuṅkuma,yang merujuk pada kunyit. Kunyit dipakai untuk merencah dan mewarnaserbuk kari,mustard,mentegadankeju;ia turut sesuai dipakai sebagai pengganti untuksafronatau pigmen kekuningan lain.^[7]

Spesies

Plants of the World Onlinekini termasuk:^[8]

Curcuma aeruginosaRoxb.
Curcuma albifloraThwaites
Curcuma alismatifoliaGagnep.:Siam tulip
Curcuma amadaRoxb.:mango-ginger
Curcuma amarissimaRoscoe
Curcuma andersonii(Baker) Škornick.
Curcuma angustifoliaRoxb.
Curcuma antinaiaChaveer. & Tanee
Curcuma aridaŠkornick. & N.S.Lý
Curcuma aromaticaSalisb.:wild turmeric
Curcuma arracanensisW.J.Kress & V.Gowda
Curcuma attenuataWall. ex Baker
Curcuma aurantiacaZijp
Curcuma australasicaHook.f.
Curcuma bakerianaHemsl.
Curcuma bellaMaknoi, K.Larsen & Sirirugsa
Curcuma bhatii(R.M.Sm.) Škornick. & M.Sabu
Curcuma bicolorMood & K.Larsen
Curcuma caesiaRoxb.
Curcuma campanulata(Kuntze) Škornick.
Curcuma candida(Wall.) Techapr. & Škornick.
Curcuma cannanorensisR.Ansari, V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair
Curcuma caulinaJ.Graham
Curcuma ceratothecaK.Schum.
Curcuma clovisiiŠkornick.
Curcuma cochinchinensisGagnep.
Curcuma codonanthaŠkornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
Curcuma coeruleaK.Schum.
Curcuma colorataValeton
Curcuma comosaRoxb.
Curcuma coriaceaMangaly & M.Sabu
Curcuma corniculataŠkornick.
Curcuma cotuanaLuu, Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
Curcuma decipiensDalzell
Curcuma ecomataCraib
Curcuma elataRoxb.
Curcuma euchromaValeton
Curcuma exiguaN.Liu
Curcuma ferrugineaRoxb.
Curcuma flammeaŠkornick.
Curcuma flavifloraS.Q.Tong
Curcuma glansK.Larsen & Mood
Curcuma glauca(Wall.) Škornick.
Curcuma gracillimaGagnep.
Curcuma graminifolia(K.Larsen & Jenjitt.) Škornick.
Curcuma grandifloraWall. ex Baker
Curcuma gulinqingensisN.H.Xia & Juan Chen
Curcuma harithaMangaly & M.Sabu
Curcuma harmandiiGagnep.
Curcuma heyneanaValeton & Zijp
Curcuma inodoraBlatt.
Curcuma involucrata(King ex Baker) Škornick.
Curcuma karnatakensisAmalraj, Velay. & Mural.
Curcuma kayahensisNob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung
Curcuma kudagensisVelay., V.S.Pillai & Amalraj
Curcuma kwangsiensisS.G.Lee & C.F.Liang
Curcuma larseniiMaknoi & Jenjitt.
Curcuma latifloraValeton
Curcuma latifoliaRoscoe
Curcuma leonidiiŠkornick. & Luuidentified atBu Gia Map National Park^[9]
Curcuma leucorrhizaRoxb.
Curcuma loerzingiiValeton
Curcuma longaL.:turmeric -type species
Curcuma longispicaValeton
Curcuma macrochlamys(Baker) Škornick.
Curcuma manggaValeton & Zijp
Curcuma meraukensisValeton
Curcuma montanaRoxb.
Curcuma mukhraniaeR.Kr.Singh & Arti Garg
Curcuma mutabilisŠkornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
Curcuma myanmarensis(W.J.Kress) Škornick.
Curcuma nankunshanensisN.Liu, X.B.Ye & Juan Chen
Curcuma neilgherrensisWight
Curcuma newmaniiŠkornick.
Curcuma oliganthaTrimen
Curcuma ornataWall. ex Baker
Curcuma pambrosimaŠkornick. & N.S.Lý
Curcuma parvifloraWall.
Curcuma parvulaGage
Curcuma pedicellata(Chaveer. & Mokkamul) Škornick.
Curcuma peramoenaSouvann. & Maknoi
Curcuma petiolataRoxb.
Curcuma phaeocaulisValeton
Curcuma pictaRoxb. ex Škornick.
Curcuma pierreanaGagnep.
Curcuma plicataWall. ex Baker
Curcuma porphyrotaeniaZipp. ex Span.
Curcuma prakashaS.Tripathi
Curcuma prasinaSkornick.
Curcuma pseudomontanaJ.Graham
Curcuma purpurascensBlume
Curcuma putiiMaknoi & Jenjitt.
Curcuma pygmaeaŠkornick. & Šída f.
Curcuma reclinataRoxb.
Curcuma rhabdotaSirirugsa & M.F.Newman
Curcuma rhombaMood & K.Larsen
Curcuma roscoeanaWall.
Curcuma roxburghiiM.A.Rahman & Yusuf
Curcuma rubescensRoxb.
Curcuma rubrobracteataŠkornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk.
Curcuma sahuynhensisŠkornick. & N.S.Lý
Curcuma saraburiensisBoonma & Saensouk
Curcuma sattayasaiorumChaveer. & Sudmoon
Curcuma scaposa(Nimmo) Škornick. & M.Sabu
Curcuma sessilisGage
Curcuma sichuanensisX.X.Chen
Curcuma singularisGagnep.
Curcuma sparganiifoliaGagnep.
Curcuma stenochilaGagnep.
Curcuma strobiliferaWall. ex Baker
Curcuma sumatranaMiq.
Curcuma supraneeana(W.J.Kress & K.Larsen) Škornick.
Curcuma sylvaticaValeton
Curcuma thoreliiGagnep.
Curcuma tongiiY.H.Tan & Li X.Zhang^[10]
Curcuma trichosanthaGagnep.
Curcuma vamanaM.Sabu & Mangaly
Curcuma viridifloraRoxb.
Curcuma vitellinaŠkornick. & H.Ð.Tran
Curcuma wallichiiM.A.Rahman & Yusuf
Curcuma wilcockiiM.A.Rahman & Yusuf
Curcuma woodiiN.H.Xia & Juan Chen
Curcuma xanthellaŠkornick.
Curcuma yingdeensisN.H.Xia & Juan Chen
Curcuma yunnanensisN.Liu & S.J.Chen
Curcuma zanthorrhizaRoxb.:temu lawak
Curcuma zedoaria(Christm.) Roscoe:zedoary
Curcuma zedoarioidesChaveer. & Tanee

Rujukan

^Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
^^a ^bKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^"curcuma".Dictionary.comUnabridged.Random House.
^"Curcuma [family ZINGIBERACEAE]".Global Plants.
^Sirirugsa, P.; Larsen, K.; Maknoi, C. (2007)."The GenusCurcumaL. (Zingiberaceae): Distribution and Classification with Reference to Species Diversity in Thailand "(PDF).Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.59(1&2): 203–220.S2CID 173169715.
^Collectif (2016).Histoire Naturelle(dalam bahasa French). Paris: Flammarion. m/s. 149.ISBN 9782081378599.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^Tawney, C. H. (1924).The use of turmeric (kuṅkuma) in ancient India.The Ocean of Story, chapter 104.m/s. 13.
^Plants of the World Online:CurcumaL. (retrieved 3 May 2021)
^"Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province".Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2014-05-04.Dicapai pada2014-05-03.
^Zhang, Li-Xia; Ding, Hong-Bo; Li, Hai-Tao; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Tan, Yun-Hong (11 March 2019). "Curcuma tongii, a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China".Phytotaxa.395(3): 241.doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9.S2CID 92158324.

Galeri

Curcuma aeruginosa
Curcuma longa
Curcumasp.
Curcumasp.

[1] Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

[powdi-2] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[3] "curcuma".Dictionary.comUnabridged.Random House.

[4] "Curcuma [family ZINGIBERACEAE]".Global Plants.

[5] Sirirugsa, P.; Larsen, K.; Maknoi, C. (2007)."The GenusCurcumaL. (Zingiberaceae): Distribution and Classification with Reference to Species Diversity in Thailand "(PDF).Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.59(1&2): 203–220.S2CID 173169715.

[6] Collectif (2016).Histoire Naturelle(dalam bahasa French). Paris: Flammarion. m/s. 149.ISBN 9782081378599.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[7] Tawney, C. H. (1924).The use of turmeric (kuṅkuma) in ancient India.The Ocean of Story, chapter 104.m/s. 13.

[POWO-8] Plants of the World Online:CurcumaL. (retrieved 3 May 2021)

[9] "Leonid crocus (Curcuma leonidii) – a new species discovered in Bu Gia Map National Park in Binh Phuoc province".Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.Diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 2014-05-04.Dicapai pada2014-05-03.

[10] Zhang, Li-Xia; Ding, Hong-Bo; Li, Hai-Tao; Zhang, Zhong-Lian; Tan, Yun-Hong (11 March 2019). "Curcuma tongii, a new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomatae (Zingiberaceae) from southern Yunnan, China".Phytotaxa.395(3): 241.doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.9.S2CID 92158324.

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