Kaherah
Kaherah
القاهرة | |
---|---|
Nama panggilan: City of a Thousand Minarets | |
Koordinat:30°2′40″N31°14′9″E/ 30.04444°N 31.23583°EKoordinat:30°2′40″N31°14′9″E/ 30.04444°N 31.23583°E | |
Negara | Mesir |
Kegabenoran | Kaherah |
Asas utama pertama | 641–642 Masihi (Fustat) |
Asas utama terakhir | 969 Masihi (Kaherah) |
Pentadbiran | |
• Gabenor | Khaled Abdel Aal[2] |
Keluasan | |
• Metro | 2,734 km2(1,056 batu persegi) |
Aras | 23 m (75 ft) |
Penduduk (2018) | |
•Ibu negara | 10,100,166[1] |
•Metro | 22,183,000 |
•Demonim | Cairene |
GDP | |
•Ibu negara | EGP1,877 bilion (US$120 bilion) |
• Metro | EGP2,986 bilion (US$190 bilion) |
Zon waktu | UTC+02:00(EST) |
• Musim panas (DST) | UTC+03:00 |
Kod kawasan | (+20) 2 |
Laman sesawang | cairo.gov.eg |
Nama rasmi | Kaherah yang bersejarah |
Jenis | Budaya |
Kriteria | i, v, vi |
Ditetapkan | 1979 |
No.rujukan | 89 |
Kaherah(Arab:القاهرة ditransliterasikansebagaial-Qāhira), yang bermaksud "berjaya", ialah ibu negara dan bandar terbesar diMesir.Ia merupakanDunia Arabterbesar[6]serta bandar yang paling padat penduduk diAfrika.[7]
Penamaan
[sunting|sunting sumber]Namabahasa Arabkota yang diserapkan ke dalam nama bahasa Melayunya,al-Qāhirah (Arab:القاهرة ) bererti "pemenang" atau "penakluk", ia dipercayai berkaitan dengan kejadian terbitnyaMarikhatau gelarannyaan-Najm al-Qāhir(Arab:النجم القاهر "Bintang Penakluk" ) semasa kota ini ditubuhkan[8][9]atau ketibaan KhalifahFatimiyahAl-Mu'izzdari kotanya diMahdiadiIfriqiyah(kini diTunisia) pada 973 M.[10]
Kota lama yang membentuk Kaherah moden dikenal dengan namabahasa Qibtinya Kahire (Bahasa Qibti:ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ ), yang berarti "Tempat Matahari", yang mungkin mengacu pada kota kunoHeliopolis,tempat pemujaan dewa matahariRa.Lokasi kota kuno tersebut adalah pinggiran kota Ain Syams (Arab:عين شمس ,"Mata Matahari" ) yang dahulunya dinamakan Khere-Ohe, "Tempat Pertempuran" yakni tempat dipercayai tapak pertempuran mitos antara dewa-dewaSethdanHorus.
Orang Mesir sering menyebut nama kota ini sebagaiMaṣr(IPA:[mɑsˤɾ];Arab Mesir:مَصر ) menekankan pentingnya kota ini bagi negara tersebut.
Sejarah
[sunting|sunting sumber]Geografi
[sunting|sunting sumber]Iklim dan suhu
[sunting|sunting sumber]Data iklim untuk Kaherah | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulan | Jan | Feb | Mac | Apr | Mei | Jun | Jul | Ogo | Sep | Okt | Nov | Dis | Tahun |
Rekod tinggi suhu, °C (°F) | 31 (88) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.9 (100.2) |
43.2 (109.8) |
47.8 (118.0) |
46.4 (115.5) |
42.6 (108.7) |
43.4 (110.1) |
43.7 (110.7) |
41 (106) |
37.4 (99.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
47.8 (118.0) |
Purata maksimum suhu harian, °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32 (90) |
33.9 (93.0) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
32.6 (90.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
Purata suhu harian, °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
Purata minimum suhu harian, °C (°F) | 9 (48) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22 (72) |
22.1 (71.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.4 (63.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
Rekod rendah suhu, °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5 (41) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16 (61) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19 (66) |
14.5 (58.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3 (37) |
1.2 (34.2) |
Puratakerpasan,mm (inci) | 5 (0.2) |
3.8 (0.15) |
3.8 (0.15) |
1.1 (0.04) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.7 (0.03) |
3.8 (0.15) |
5.9 (0.23) |
24.7 (0.97) |
Purata bilangan hari kerpasan(≥ 0.01 mm) | 3.5 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 14.2 |
Puratakelembapan relatif(%) | 59 | 54 | 53 | 47 | 46 | 49 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 56 |
Purata bulananjangka masa sinaran matahari | 213 | 234 | 269 | 291 | 324 | 357 | 363 | 351 | 311 | 292 | 248 | 198 | 3,451 |
Purataindeks ultraungu | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 7.8 |
Sumber 1:World Meteorological Organization(UN)(1971–2000),[11]NOAAfor mean, record high and low and humidity[12] | |||||||||||||
Sumber 2:Danish Meteorological Institutefor sunshine (1931–1960),[13]
Weather2Travel (ultraviolet)[14] |
Ekonomi
[sunting|sunting sumber]Lihat juga
[sunting|sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^Cairo Metropolitan is enlarged to cover all the area within the Governorate limits. Government statistics consider that the whole governorate is urban and the whole governorate is treated like as the metropolitan-city of Cairo. Governorate Cairo is considered a city-proper and functions as a municipality. The city of Alexandria is on the same principle as the city of Cairo, being a governorate-city. Because of this, it is difficult to divide Cairo into urban, rural, subdivisions, or to eliminate certain parts of the metropolitan administrative territory on various theme (unofficial statistics and data).
Rujukan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^"Population Estimates By Sex & Governorate 1/1/2022* (Theme: Census - pg.4)".Capmas.gov.eg.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 2 November 2018.Dicapai pada23 Mei2024.
- ^"Official Portal of Cairo Governorate".Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 24 Januari 2021.Dicapai pada23 Mei2024.
- ^"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps".City Population.Diarkibkandaripada yang asal pada 11 September 2018.Dicapai pada23 Mei2024.
- ^"Cairo, Egypt Metro Area Population 1950-2023".Macrotrends.Dicapai pada23 Mei2024.
- ^"GDP BY GOVERNORATE",mped.gov.eg,diarkibkan daripadayang asalpada 26 Januari 2024,dicapai pada23 Mei2024
- ^List of largest cities of the Arab League
- ^[1]
- ^Towards a Shi'i Mediterranean Empire: Fatimid Egypt and the Founding of Cairo.I.B. Tauris. 2009. m/s. 78.ISBN978-0-85771-742-9.
- ^Abdurrahman Zaki (عبد الرحمن زكي) (1966).القاهرة تاريخها وآثارها (969 - 1825) من جوهر القائد إلى الجبرتي المؤرخ.Dar al-Ta'lif wal Tarjamat.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^Cairo#Foundation and expansion
- ^"Weather Information for Cairo".World Meteorological Organization.Dicapai padaApril 14,2014.
- ^ "Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Dicapai pada14 April2014.
- ^Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens."Egypten - Cairo"(PDF).Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960)(dalam bahasa Denmark). Danish Meteorological Institute. m/s. 82. Diarkibkan daripadayang asal(PDF)pada April 27, 2013.Dicapai padaApril 14,2014.
- ^"Cairo Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, Egypt".Dicapai pada29 June2019.
Pautan luar
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