Koksiks

Koksiksatau dalambahasa Inggerisdisebutcoccyx(/ˈkɒksɪks/KOK-siks;jamak:coccyges), adalah perkataan yang digunakan dalamistilah perubatanbagi bidangmuskuloskeletonyang merujuk kepadatulang sulbi.Tulang sulbi atau tulang ekor adalah segmen terakhirkolum vertebrabagi golonganhomomisalnyamanusia(homosapien). Koksiks merangkumi 3 hingga 5 vertebra berasingan (ruas) atau vertebra coccygeal yang terletak dibawahsakrum.Koksiks disambung dengan sakrum olehsendifibrokartilaginosdansacrococcygeal symphysis,yang membenarkan penggerakan terhad antara sakrum dan koksiks.

Istilahkoksiksdiambil dari bahasa Inggeris iaitu coccyx, asalnya dari perkataanYunaniκόκκυξ yang bererti "cuckoo",merujuk kepada bentuk melengkung paruhcuckooapabila dilihat dari sisi.

Imej tambahan

• 
  Vertebral column.
• 
  Vertebral column.
• 
  Left Levator ani from within.
• 
  Median sagittal section of male pelvis.
• 
  Median sagittal section of female pelvis.

Lihat juga

• Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain)
• Istilah tulang-tulang
• Istilah lokasi anatomi
• Ganglion impar
• Human vestigiality

Rujukan

• Foye P, Buttaci C, Stitik T, Yonclas P (2006). "Successful injection for coccyx pain".Am J Phys Med Rehabil.85(9): 783–4.doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000233174.86070.63.PMID16924191.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Foye, Patrick M (June 3, 2008)."Coccyx Pain".eMedicine.
• Kim NH; Suk KS] (1999 Jun)."Clinical and radiological differences between traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia".Yonsei Medical Journal(40:3).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Nakatsukasa, Masato; dll. (December 2007)."A new Late Miocene great ape from Kenya and its implications for the origins of African great apes and humans".PNAS.104(49): 19220–5.doi:10.1073/pnas.0706190104.PMC2148271.PMID18024593.Dicapai pada January 2010.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Maigne JY, Molinie V, Fautrel B. (1992). "Anatomie des disques coccygiens".Revue de Médecine Orthopedique.28.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Maigne, J-Y (2000)."Causes and Mechanisms of Common Coccydynia. Spine".25(23). coccyx.org.
• Miranda EP, Anderson AL, Dosanjh AS, Lee CK (2007). "Successful management of recurrent coccygeal hernia with the de-epithelialised rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap".J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.62(1): 98–101.doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.08.002.PMID17889632.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Nakatsukasa, Masato (2004 May)."Acquisition of bipedalism: the Miocene hominoid record and modern analogues for bipedal protohominids".Journal of Anatomy.204(204(5)): 385–402.doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00290.x.PMC1571308.PMID15198702.
• Morris, Craig E. (2005).Low Back Syndromes: Integrated Clinical Management.McGraw-Hill.ISBN0071374728.
• Postacchini F, Massobrio M] (1983)."Idiopathic coccygodynia. Analysis of 51 operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx".The Journal of bone and joint surgery(ed. American volume) (65(8)).
• Saladin, Kenneth S. (2003). 3rd (penyunting).Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function.McGraw-Hill.
• Saluja PG. (1988). "The incidence of ossification of the sacrococcygeal joint".Journal of Anatomy.156.

Pautan luar

• Templat:GraySubject
• Makmal SUNY41:os-0107– "The Female Perineum: Osteology"
• Coccyx pain: diagnosis, coping and treatment at coccyx.org
• Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain) at eMedicine(Peer-reviewed medical chapter, available free online)
• Xray, MRI and other images about tailbone pain, at TailboneDoctor