ਉਪ-ਸਹਾਰਵੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ

ਉਪ-ਸਹਾਰਵੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾਭੂਗੋਲਕ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ ਦਾ ਉਹ ਖੇਤਰ ਹੈ ਜੋਸੁਡਾਨਦੇ ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਿਆਸੀ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਸਾਰੇ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ ਦੇਸ਼ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਪੂਰਨ ਜਾਂ ਅਪੂਰਨ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇਸਹਾਰਾਤੋਂ ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ (ਸੁਡਾਨ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ) ਪੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ।^[2]ਇਹਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾਤੋਂ ਭਿੰਨ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰਅਰਬ ਸੰਸਾਰਗਿਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।ਸੋਮਾਲੀਆ,ਜਿਬੂਤੀ,ਕਾਮਾਰੋਸਅਤੇਮਾਰੀਟੇਨੀਆਭੂਗੋਲਕ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਉਪ-ਸਹਾਰਵੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਅਰਬ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਦੇ ਵੀ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਹਨ।^[3]^[4]

ਹਵਾਲੇ[ਸੋਧੋ]

↑"Classification of Sudan in both North and Sub-Africa".Unstats.un.org. 20 September 2011."The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa." This classification predates the secession ofSouth Sudanfrom Sudan.
↑"Political definition of" Major regions ", according to the UN".Archived fromthe originalon 20 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 2010.Retrieved15 December2010.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|archive-date=(help);Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
↑Tajudeen Abdul Raheem, ed., Pan Africanism: Politics, Economy and Social Change in the Twenty First Century, Pluto Press, London, 1996.
↑
*Halim Barakat,The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State,(University of California Press:1993), p.80
- Arab League Online: League of Arab States Archived2006-05-09 at theWayback Machine.
- "UNESCO - Arab States".Portal.unesco.org.
- Infosamak."Centre for Marketing, Information and Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Arab Region"(in(ਇਤਾਲਵੀ)). Infosamak.org.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Khair El-Din Haseeb et al.,The Future of the Arab Nation: Challenges and Options,1 edition (Routledge: 1991), p.54
- John Markakis,Resource conflict in the Horn of Africa,(Sage: 1998), p.39
- Ḥagai Erlikh, The struggle over Eritrea, 1962-1978: war and revolution in the Horn of Africa, (Hoover Institution Press:1983), p.59
- Randall Fegley,Eritrea,(Clio Press: 1995), p.xxxviii

[1] "Classification of Sudan in both North and Sub-Africa".Unstats.un.org. 20 September 2011."The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa." This classification predates the secession ofSouth Sudanfrom Sudan.

[2] "Political definition of" Major regions ", according to the UN".Archived fromthe originalon 20 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 2010.Retrieved15 December2010.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|archive-date=(help);Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)

[Tajudeen_Abdul_Raheem_1996-3] Tajudeen Abdul Raheem, ed., Pan Africanism: Politics, Economy and Social Change in the Twenty First Century, Pluto Press, London, 1996.

[4] *Halim Barakat,The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State,(University of California Press:1993), p.80
Arab League Online: League of Arab States Archived2006-05-09 at theWayback Machine.

"UNESCO - Arab States".Portal.unesco.org.

Infosamak."Centre for Marketing, Information and Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Arab Region"(in(ਇਤਾਲਵੀ)). Infosamak.org.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Khair El-Din Haseeb et al.,The Future of the Arab Nation: Challenges and Options,1 edition (Routledge: 1991), p.54

John Markakis,Resource conflict in the Horn of Africa,(Sage: 1998), p.39

Ḥagai Erlikh, The struggle over Eritrea, 1962-1978: war and revolution in the Horn of Africa, (Hoover Institution Press:1983), p.59

Randall Fegley,Eritrea,(Clio Press: 1995), p.xxxviii

[5] Arab League Online: League of Arab States Archived2006-05-09 at theWayback Machine.

[6] "UNESCO - Arab States".Portal.unesco.org.

[7] Infosamak."Centre for Marketing, Information and Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Arab Region"(in(ਇਤਾਲਵੀ)). Infosamak.org.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[8] Khair El-Din Haseeb et al.,The Future of the Arab Nation: Challenges and Options,1 edition (Routledge: 1991), p.54

[9] John Markakis,Resource conflict in the Horn of Africa,(Sage: 1998), p.39

[10] Ḥagai Erlikh, The struggle over Eritrea, 1962-1978: war and revolution in the Horn of Africa, (Hoover Institution Press:1983), p.59

[11] Randall Fegley,Eritrea,(Clio Press: 1995), p.xxxviii

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