Malating bituka
Malating bituka | |
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Krokis nung nu ya makalto ing malating bituka | |
Latin | intestinum tenue |
Gray's | subject #248 1168 |
Nerve | celiac ganglia,vagus[1] |
MeSH | Small+intestine |
Karengvertebrate(animal a maki galudgud),reptile,ayup,ampongasan a maki masias a butul(bony fish), ingmalating bituka(small intestineking Ingles) kayabe ya kinggastrointestinal tract(gut), a daralanan ning pamangan. Atiu king pilatan ningdungusampo ningmaragul a bituka.Kayabe la king malating bituka dengduodenum,jejunum,ampongileum.Keti maliliari ing keraklan kingpamaglasoampong pamanyipsip ning katawan king pamangan. Karenginvertebrate(animal a alang galudgud), antimo deng bulati, deng terminung "gastrointestinal tract" ampong "maragul a bituka" gagamitan da la para king kabilugan ningbituka.
Dagul ampong sukad
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg/250px-Illu_small_intestine.jpg)
Maki kaba yang pitung (7) metru ing malati nang bituka ning metung a taung atiu king edad, at maki lapad yang manga 2.5-3 cm iti. Lipat ning maragul ing kaba ning malating bituka kesa king maragul a bituka (keraklan, makatapat o makatalima ing kaba na), ikua na ing kayang lagiu uling palak ya kakitid iti. Agiang mipagiu ya mu king lapad a manga 0.5m2nung iladlad ya ing metung a tubong kasingkaba na ampong kasing-lapad ning malating bituka, uli ning pamanuklip na ampong pamangulurut ning kilual na niti, makata-500 a besis/ukdu ing pamaglapad na niti, ania miraras king 250m2ing kayang lapad, o manga kasing lapad ning metung atennis court.
The small intestine is divided into three structural parts:
Mapipitna ya kareng atlung dake o parti ing malating bituka:
Histology
Lupa-lupa la nung lon la king microscope deng atlu nang dake ning malating bituka, oneng ating mapilan a maulagang pamialiwa.
Deng dake ning bituka ila reng makatuki:
Layer | Duodenum | Jejunum | Ileum |
serosa | normal | normal | normal |
muscularis externa | longitudinal and circular layers, withAuerbach's (myenteric) plexusin between | same as duodenum | same as duodenum |
submucosa | Brunner's glandsandMeissner's (submucosal) plexus | no BG | no BG |
mucosa:muscularis mucosae | normal | normal | normal |
mucosa:lamina propria | no PP | no PP | Peyer's patches |
mucosa:intestinal epithelium | simple columnar.Containsgoblet cells,Paneth cells | Similar to duodenum. Villi very long. | Similar to duodenum. Villi very short. |
Pamaglaso ampong pamanyipsip
Peristalsis
Metung yang kalamnan (muscle), ausan dang pylorus opyloric sphincter,ing magpaintulut king pamangan a lungub king duodenum ibat king dungus. Kaibat, mitutulak ya kilub ning malating bituka kapamilatan ning metung a prosesu ning pamanapsal o pamamusit (contractions) ning kalamnan a balamu alun, a ausan dangperistalsis.
Pamaglaso
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sus_domesticus_-_Intestines.jpg/250px-Sus_domesticus_-_Intestines.jpg)
King malating bituka maliliari ing keraklan king pamaglasong kemikal. Papalual no ningkundilat{pancreas) deng keraklan karengenzyme a paglasongmagagamit kng malating bituka; lulub la reti kapamilatan ningpancreatic ducto tubo ning kundilat. Lulub la king malating bituka deng enzyme anting pakibat king hormone acholecystokinin,a lalalangan ning malating bituka uli ning presensia ning sustansia. Uli ning hormone asecretin,magpalual ya muringbicarbonateparas king malating bituka ing kundilat ba yang labanan ing maliaring pamaglub ning dilikadung asidu ibat king dungus.
Deng atlung pekamaulagang uri da reng sustansiang dadalan king prosesu ning pamaglaso ila rengprotina,lipid(taba) ampongcarbohydrate:
- Deng protina ampongpeptidemagi langamino acidpotang malaso la. Magumpisa king dungus ing kemikal a pamaglaso, at misusundu king malating bituka. Lulual no ningkundilatdengproteolytic enzymeo enzyme a maglasong protina, kayabe ne ingtrypsinampo ingchymotrypsin,at deti, babangalan do reng protina kareng mas mangalating peptide. Ing carboxypeptidase, a metung apancreatic brush border enzyme,tunggal-tunggal nong babangalan deng amino acid. Ing aminopeptidase ampo ing dipeptidase, kakawani do reng tauli o sepung produktu da reng amino acid.
- Deng lipid (taba ofats) lalasawan la bang magingfatty acidampongglycerol.Ing lipase ibat king kundilat (pancreatic lipase), babangalan no reng triglycerides, ba lang maging makakawaning (free) fatty acid ampong monoglyceride. Sasaup la king pancreatic lipase deng asin ibat king bílis (bile salt) a papalual ningateampo ningatdu.Tutuglung la kareng triglyceride deng bile salt ba lang mikawa-kawani (emulsify) deti, ba nong lalung ayabut nign pancreatic lipase. Maliliari iti uling ing lipase malalaso king danum, samantalanghydrophobic(tela-larû) la reng tela-tabang triglyceride, a milupung-lupung king madanum a paligid. Dengbile saltmagsilbi lang talapamilatan o "middle man" a tatalan kareng triglycerides king paligid a maranum, anggang abangal no ning lipase kareng mas malati pang dake, at makalub na la at masipsip kareng villi
- Dengcarbohydratemababangal la kareng simpling mayumu, omonosaccharide(e.g.,glucose). Ingpancreatic amylase(amylase ibat kingkundilat) babangalan no reng carbohydrate ba lang maging oligosaccharide. Manibat karin, mipasa ing obra karengbrush border enzyme.Deng pekamaulagang brush border enzyme ila reng dextrinase and glucoamylase, a misusundu king pamamangal ampong pamaglaso kareng oligosaccharide. Kayabe la murin kareng brush border enzyme deng maltase, sucrase ampong lactase.
Pamanyipsip
Malyari nang munta kareng uyat a daralanan ning daya (blood vessels) kareng gilid ning bituka ing pamangan a melaso, king prosesung ausan dang pamanyipsip oabsorption.Ing malating bituka ing lugal nung nukarin la masisipsip deng keraklan kareng sustansiang ibat king pengan.
Ing kilub ning gilid (inner wall) ning malating bituka, a ausan dang mucosa, mitatakpan ya kareng simpling laman a tela-asias (columnar), ingepithelialtissue.King pangabalangkas na o porma niti, mitatakpan ya kareng dakal a kulurut a ausan dangplicae circularesing mucosa, at tuturing da lang permanenting dake ning gilid ning organung iti deti. Aliwa la reti karengrugae,a e permanenti, at pansamantala la mung lalto neng miyayatiat ya at magpusit ing bituka neng lalasawan na niti ing pamangan. Manibat kareng plicae circulares, ating makatuglung a malatiktik (microscopic) a pirasu ning laman a katabas taliri, a ausan dangvilli(Latinpara king "bulbulin a buak" oshaggy hair). Atin la muring pakatuglung a balamu taliri deng tunggal-tunggal a cell a epithelial, a mayayausmicrovilli.Ing papil da reng plicae circulares, villi ampong microvilli, ing magdagdag king leparan ning bitukang maliaring magamit king pamanyipsip kareng sustansia.
Ing balang villus atin yang pamisanga-sanga (network) da rengcapillaryampong mangapinung uyat a lymphatic (lymphatic vessels) a ausan danglacteala malapit king kilual (surface). Darala da reng epithelial cell ning villi ing sustansia manibat king lumen ning bituka papunta kareting capillariy (amino acid ampong carbohydrate) ampong lacteal (deng lipid). Den namang uyat ning daya (blood vessel) ing magdala kareng sustansiang mesipsip paras kareng miayaliwang organu ning katawan, nung nu la magagamit kareng komplikadung sangkap a kailangan ning katawan.Assimilationing aus kaniti. Ita namang pamangan a e melaso at e mesipsip, pupunta kingmaragul a bituka.
Maliliari kingjejunuming pamanyipsip kareng keraklan kareng sustansia, liban kareng makatuking maulagang alimbawa:
- Ingironmasisipsip king duodenum.
- IngVitamin B12ampongbile saltsmasisipsip la king terminal ileum.
- Ing danum ampo renglipidmasisipsip la kapamilatan ningpassive diffusionking kabilugan ning malating bituka.
- Ingsodiummasisipsip kapamilatan ningactive transportampo ningglucoseampongamino acidco-transport.
- Ingfructosemasisipsip kapamilatan ningfacilitated diffusion.
Deng sakit ning malating bituka
- Small intestine cancer
- Small intestine obstruction ( "high" mechanic ileus)
- Obstruction from external pressure
- Obstruction by masses in the lumen (foreign bodies,bezoar,gallstones)
- Paralyticileus
- Maropthisis
- Crohn's disease
- Celiac disease
- Carcinoid
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- Gastric dumping syndrome
- Infectious diseases
- Mesenteric ischemia
- Short bowel syndrome
- Inguinal hernia
Dalerayan
- Sherwood, Lauralee (2005).Fundamentals of physiology: a human perspective,Third, Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, 768.ISBN 0-53-446697-4.
- Solomon et al. (2002) Biology Sixth Edition, Brooks-Cole/Thomson LearningISBN 0-03-033503-5
- Townsend et al. (2004) Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, ElsevierISBN 0-7216-0409-9
- Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 1.".Dig Dis Sci48(8): 1546–64.doi: .PMID 12924651.
- Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 2.".Dig Dis Sci48(8): 1565–81.doi: .PMID 12924652.
Notes
Karagdagang larawan
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Mababa nang kapitnang dake sympathetic cord.
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Ing aske da reng laman lub king bandang salu ampong atian.