گاډولينيوم

Gadolinium,₆₄Gd

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm
Appearance	silvery white
Gadolinium پهدوراني جدولکې
– ↑ Gd ↓ Cm europium←gadolinium→terbium ‍
اټومي شمیره(Z)	64
گروپ,پیریود	group n/a,period 6
بلاک	f-block
Element category	lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن(Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f75d16s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت(atSTP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1585K​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3273 K ​(3000 °C, ​5432 °F)
Densitynearr.t.	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid, atm.p.	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure(calculated) P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k atT(K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	1, 2,3​(a mildlybasicoxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Ionization energies	1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 180pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for gadolinium
Speed of soundthin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α poly: 9.4 µm/(m·K) (at 100 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 1.310 µΩ·m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic-paramagnetictransition at 293.4 K
Magnetic susceptibility(χmol)	+755,000.0·10−6cm3/mol (300.6 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.259
Vickers hardness	510–950 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
History
Naming	after the mineralGadolinite(itself named afterJohan Gadolin)
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac(1880)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran(1886)
Mainisotopes of gadolinium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند(t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 148Gd syn 75 y α 144Sm 150Gd syn 1.8×106y α 146Sm 152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014y α 148Sm 154Gd 2.18% stable 155Gd 14.80% stable 156Gd 20.47% stable 157Gd 15.65% stable 158Gd 24.84% stable 160Gd 21.86% stable

گاډولينيوم(پهانگرېزي:Gadolinium) لهکیمیاوي عناصروڅخه یو دی چې پهتناوبي جدولکې دGdسمبول او ۶۴اتمي شمېرېپه وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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