نېکل

Nickel,₂₈Ni

A pitted and lumpy piece of nickel, with the top surface cut flat
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈnɪkəl/ NIK-əl
Appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Nickel پهدوراني جدولکې
– ↑ Ni ↓ Pd cobalt←nickel→copper ‍
اټومي شمیره(Z)	28
گروپ,پیریود	group 10,period 4
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن(Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d84s2or [Ar] 3d94s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 16, 2or2, 8, 17, 1
فزیکي خواص
حالت(atSTP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1728K​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3003 K ​(2730 °C, ​4946 °F)
Densitynearr.t.	8.908 g/cm3
when liquid, atm.p.	7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.48kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	379 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k atT(K) 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4,3,2,1,−1, −2​(a mildlybasicoxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.91
Ionization energies	1st: 737.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 124pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic(fcc) Face-centered cubic crystal structure for nickel
Speed of soundthin rod	4900 m/s (atr.t.)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	90.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	69.3 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	667–1600 MPa
CAS Number	7440-02-0
History
Discoveryand first isolation	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt(1751)
Mainisotopes of nickel
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند(t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 58Ni 68.077% stable 59Ni trace 7.6×104y ε 59Co 60Ni 26.223% stable 61Ni 1.140% stable 62Ni 3.635% stable 63Ni syn 100 y β− 63Cu 64Ni 0.926% stable

نېکل(پهانگرېزي:Nickel) لهکیمیاوي عناصروڅخه یو دی چې پهتناوبي جدولکې دNiسمبول او ۲۸اتمي شمېرېپه وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

سرچينې

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