David Irving

David Irving
	David IrvingIrving em 2012
Nome completo	David John Cawdell Irving
Conhecido(a) por	Negacionismo do holocausto,revisionismo históricoe publicações sobre a II Guerra Mundial
Nascimento	24 de marçode1938(86 anos); Hutton,Essex,Inglaterra
Residência	Londres, Inglaterra

David John Cawdell Irving(nascido em 24 de Março de 1938) é um inglêsnegador do Holocausto^[1]e escritor sobre história militar e política daII Guerra Mundial,com foco naAlemanha Nazista.Seus livros incluemThe destruction of Dresden(1963),Hitler's War(1977),Churchill's War(1987) eGoebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich(1996). Em suas obras ele argumentou que Hitler não sabia do extermínio deJudeusou, se soubesse, seria contrário.^[2]Embora a visão revisionista de Irving sobre a II Guerra Mundial nunca tenha sido levada a sério pelos historiadores, ele foi reconhecido por seu conhecimento daAlemanha Nazistae pela sua capacidade de descobrir novos documentos históricos.

Irving marginalizou-se em 1988. Com base na sua leitura dopseudocientífico^[3]relatório Leuchter,ele começou a abraçar a negação do Holocausto, negando especificamente que os judeus foram assassinados emcâmaras de gásnocampo de extermíniodeAuschwitz.^[4]^[5]

A reputação de Irving comohistoriadorfoi desacreditada^[6]quando, ao longo de uma ação de difamação movida por ele contra a historiadora estadunidenseDeborah Lipstadte a editoraPenguin Books,foi mostrado que ele deliberadamente deturpou as evidências históricas para promover a negação doHolocausto.O tribunal inglês considerou que Irving foi um ativo negador do Holocausto,antissemitaeracista,^[7]que "por suas próprias razões ideológicas, persistente e deliberadamente deturpou e manipulou as evidências históricas".^[8]Além disso, o tribunal considerou que os livros de Irving distorceram a história sobre o papel deAdolf Hitlerno Holocausto para retratar Hitler de forma favorável.

Ver também

Historiador
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Referências

↑Hare, Ivan; Weinstein, James (2010).Extreme Speech and Democracy.[S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 553.ISBN 0199601798
↑Evans 2001,p. 101.
↑
- "Leuchter and Rudolf have published pseudoscientific reports purporting to show that chemical residues present in the gas chambers ofAuschwitz-Birkenauare incompatible with homicidal gassings. "Green, Richard J."Leuchter, Rudolf, and the Iron Blues"Arquivado em17 de maio de 2008, noWayback Machine..Retrieved 11 September 2008.
- "The Leuchter Report, a pseudo-scientific document which allegedly proves that Zyklon B was not used to exterminate human beings, was translated into Arabic and sold at the International Book Fair in Cairo in January 2001." Roth, Stephen. Stephen Roth Institute.Antisemitism Worldwide, 2000/1,University of Nebraska Press, 2002, p. 228.
- "The turning point came in 1989, when Irving launched Fred Leuchter's pseudo-scientific Leuchter Report, which made the spurious claim that the absence of cyanide residues in the walls of the gas chambers at Auschwitz and other camps proved that they could not have functioned as mass extermination centres." Brinks, Jan Herman. Timms, Edward. Rock, Stella.Nationalist Myths and Modern Media,I.B. Tauris,2006, p. 72.
- "The Leuchter report, was, indeed, an amateurish report produced by a man with no expertise, either historical or forensic." Hirsh, David.Law Against Genocide.Routledge Cavendish, 2003, p. 134.
- "Another common tactic of the deniers is to engage in historical inquiries that on the surface appear legitimate but upon close examination prove to be based on pseudo-science. One prominent example was the investigation of the Auschwitz gas chambers byFred Leuchter[...] Detailed study of the "Leuchter Report" revealed that it was based on erroneous assumptions (cyanide does not penetrate deeply into concrete). It also emerged that Leuchter had falsified his credentials and overstated his expertise. Despite this, his report is still cited by deniers. "Cull, Nicholas John. Culbert, David Holbrook. Welch, David.Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present,ABC-CLIO, 2003, p. 168.
- "... the institute relied primary on the talents of a California-based publicist named Bradley Smith who packaged and promoted Leuchter's discredited material as if it were the very essence of" scientific research "or at least a tenable" point of view, "intrinsically worthy of inclusion in the academic agenda..." Churchill, Ward.A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present.City Lights Books, 1997, p. 24.
- "After the trial, both Irving and Zündel published the results of Leuchter's trial research asThe Leuchter Report: The End of a Myth,despite the fact that the court rejected both the report and Leuchter's testimony. [...] The discredited report is popular in the Holocaust denial movement, and one edition features a foreword by Irving. "Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Grant, Diana R.Crimes of Hate: Selected Readings,SAGE Publications, 2003, p. 201.
- "Leuchter's report contained a considerable amount of scientific, or, as it turned out, pseudo-scientific analysis of chemical residues on the gas chamber walls, and similar matters. It was quickly discredited, not least on the basis of Leuchter's failure adequately to defend his findings on the witness stand." Evans, Richard J.David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial: Electronic Edition,Section 3.3c,The 1991 Edition ofHitler's War,Paragraph 13. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
↑Jan van Pelt, Robert (2002).The Case for Auschwitz:Evidence from the Irving TrialFirst ed. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 15.ISBN 0-253-34016-0
↑Evans 2001,p. 125.
↑
- "In 1969, after David Irving's support forRolf Hochhuth,the German playwright who accused Winston Churchill of murdering the Polish wartime leader General Sikorski,The Daily Telegraphissued a memo to all its correspondents. 'It is incorrect,' it said, 'to describe David Irving as a historian. In future we should describe him as an author.' "Ingrams, Richard (25 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving was the author of his own downfall».The Independent.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010
- "It may seem an absurd semantic dispute to deny the appellation of 'historian' to someone who has written two dozen books or more about historical subjects. But if we mean by historian someone who is concerned to discover the truth about the past, and to give as accurate a representation of it as possible, then Irving is not a historian. Those in the know, indeed, are accustomed to avoid the term altogether when referring to him and use some circumlocution such as 'historical writer' instead. Irving is essentially an ideologue who uses history for his own political purposes; he is not primarily concerned with discovering and interpreting what happened in the past, he is concerned merely to give a selective and tendentious account of it to further his own ideological ends in the present. The true historian's primary concern, however, is with the past. That is why, in the end, Irving is not a historian." Irving vs. (1) Lipstadt and (2) Penguin Books,Expert Witness Report by Richard J. EvansFBA, Professor of Modern History,University of Cambridge,2000, Chapter 6.
- "State prosecutor Michael Klackl said: 'He's not a historian, he's a falsifier of history.'"Traynor, Ian (21 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving jailed for denying Holocaust».The Guardian.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010
- "... Irving has never examined and interpreted facts for the simple reason that he is not a historian. He twists or suppresses evidence to fit a foregone conclusion—the opposite of what any reputable historian does."Taylor, Charles (24 de maio de 2001).«Evil takes the stand».Salon.Consultado em 30 de maio de 2007.Arquivado dooriginalem 12 de outubro de 2007
- Hugh Trevor-Roper:"But I don't regard him as an historian. I don't think he has any historical sense. He is a propagandist who uses efficiently collected and arranged material to support a propagandist line." Cited in Richard J. Evans (2002).Telling lies about Hitler: the Holocaust, history and the David Irving trial.Verso. p. 261, andMichael Shermer."Enigma:The Faustian Bargain of David Irving ",Skeptical Inquirer,3 May 2005.
↑«The ruling against David Irving».The Guardian.London. 11 de abril de 2000.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010
↑«Hitler historian loses libel case».BBC News. 11 de abril de 2000.Consultado em 2 de janeiro de 2010

Bibliografia

Evans, Richard J. (2001).Lying About Hitler: History, Holocaust, and the David Irving Trial.New York: Basic Books.ISBN 0-465-02152-2
An Interview with David Irving Confronting Hitler's Defender

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[1] Hare, Ivan; Weinstein, James (2010).Extreme Speech and Democracy.[S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 553.ISBN 0199601798

[2] Evans 2001,p. 101.

[pseudoscientific2-3] 
"Leuchter and Rudolf have published pseudoscientific reports purporting to show that chemical residues present in the gas chambers ofAuschwitz-Birkenauare incompatible with homicidal gassings. "Green, Richard J."Leuchter, Rudolf, and the Iron Blues"Arquivado em17 de maio de 2008, noWayback Machine..Retrieved 11 September 2008.

"The Leuchter Report, a pseudo-scientific document which allegedly proves that Zyklon B was not used to exterminate human beings, was translated into Arabic and sold at the International Book Fair in Cairo in January 2001." Roth, Stephen. Stephen Roth Institute.Antisemitism Worldwide, 2000/1,University of Nebraska Press, 2002, p. 228.

"The turning point came in 1989, when Irving launched Fred Leuchter's pseudo-scientific Leuchter Report, which made the spurious claim that the absence of cyanide residues in the walls of the gas chambers at Auschwitz and other camps proved that they could not have functioned as mass extermination centres." Brinks, Jan Herman. Timms, Edward. Rock, Stella.Nationalist Myths and Modern Media,I.B. Tauris,2006, p. 72.

"The Leuchter report, was, indeed, an amateurish report produced by a man with no expertise, either historical or forensic." Hirsh, David.Law Against Genocide.Routledge Cavendish, 2003, p. 134.

"Another common tactic of the deniers is to engage in historical inquiries that on the surface appear legitimate but upon close examination prove to be based on pseudo-science. One prominent example was the investigation of the Auschwitz gas chambers byFred Leuchter[...] Detailed study of the "Leuchter Report" revealed that it was based on erroneous assumptions (cyanide does not penetrate deeply into concrete). It also emerged that Leuchter had falsified his credentials and overstated his expertise. Despite this, his report is still cited by deniers. "Cull, Nicholas John. Culbert, David Holbrook. Welch, David.Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present,ABC-CLIO, 2003, p. 168.

"... the institute relied primary on the talents of a California-based publicist named Bradley Smith who packaged and promoted Leuchter's discredited material as if it were the very essence of" scientific research "or at least a tenable" point of view, "intrinsically worthy of inclusion in the academic agenda..." Churchill, Ward.A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present.City Lights Books, 1997, p. 24.

"After the trial, both Irving and Zündel published the results of Leuchter's trial research asThe Leuchter Report: The End of a Myth,despite the fact that the court rejected both the report and Leuchter's testimony. [...] The discredited report is popular in the Holocaust denial movement, and one edition features a foreword by Irving. "Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Grant, Diana R.Crimes of Hate: Selected Readings,SAGE Publications, 2003, p. 201.

"Leuchter's report contained a considerable amount of scientific, or, as it turned out, pseudo-scientific analysis of chemical residues on the gas chamber walls, and similar matters. It was quickly discredited, not least on the basis of Leuchter's failure adequately to defend his findings on the witness stand." Evans, Richard J.David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial: Electronic Edition,Section 3.3c,The 1991 Edition ofHitler's War,Paragraph 13. Retrieved 2008-09-12.

[4] "Leuchter and Rudolf have published pseudoscientific reports purporting to show that chemical residues present in the gas chambers ofAuschwitz-Birkenauare incompatible with homicidal gassings. "Green, Richard J."Leuchter, Rudolf, and the Iron Blues"Arquivado em17 de maio de 2008, noWayback Machine..Retrieved 11 September 2008.

[5] "The Leuchter Report, a pseudo-scientific document which allegedly proves that Zyklon B was not used to exterminate human beings, was translated into Arabic and sold at the International Book Fair in Cairo in January 2001." Roth, Stephen. Stephen Roth Institute.Antisemitism Worldwide, 2000/1,University of Nebraska Press, 2002, p. 228.

[6] "The turning point came in 1989, when Irving launched Fred Leuchter's pseudo-scientific Leuchter Report, which made the spurious claim that the absence of cyanide residues in the walls of the gas chambers at Auschwitz and other camps proved that they could not have functioned as mass extermination centres." Brinks, Jan Herman. Timms, Edward. Rock, Stella.Nationalist Myths and Modern Media,I.B. Tauris,2006, p. 72.

[7] "The Leuchter report, was, indeed, an amateurish report produced by a man with no expertise, either historical or forensic." Hirsh, David.Law Against Genocide.Routledge Cavendish, 2003, p. 134.

[8] "Another common tactic of the deniers is to engage in historical inquiries that on the surface appear legitimate but upon close examination prove to be based on pseudo-science. One prominent example was the investigation of the Auschwitz gas chambers byFred Leuchter[...] Detailed study of the "Leuchter Report" revealed that it was based on erroneous assumptions (cyanide does not penetrate deeply into concrete). It also emerged that Leuchter had falsified his credentials and overstated his expertise. Despite this, his report is still cited by deniers. "Cull, Nicholas John. Culbert, David Holbrook. Welch, David.Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present,ABC-CLIO, 2003, p. 168.

[9] "... the institute relied primary on the talents of a California-based publicist named Bradley Smith who packaged and promoted Leuchter's discredited material as if it were the very essence of" scientific research "or at least a tenable" point of view, "intrinsically worthy of inclusion in the academic agenda..." Churchill, Ward.A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present.City Lights Books, 1997, p. 24.

[10] "After the trial, both Irving and Zündel published the results of Leuchter's trial research asThe Leuchter Report: The End of a Myth,despite the fact that the court rejected both the report and Leuchter's testimony. [...] The discredited report is popular in the Holocaust denial movement, and one edition features a foreword by Irving. "Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Grant, Diana R.Crimes of Hate: Selected Readings,SAGE Publications, 2003, p. 201.

[11] "Leuchter's report contained a considerable amount of scientific, or, as it turned out, pseudo-scientific analysis of chemical residues on the gas chamber walls, and similar matters. It was quickly discredited, not least on the basis of Leuchter's failure adequately to defend his findings on the witness stand." Evans, Richard J.David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial: Electronic Edition,Section 3.3c,The 1991 Edition ofHitler's War,Paragraph 13. Retrieved 2008-09-12.

[4] Jan van Pelt, Robert (2002).The Case for Auschwitz:Evidence from the Irving TrialFirst ed. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 15.ISBN 0-253-34016-0

[5] Evans 2001,p. 125.

[DI_author2-6] 
"In 1969, after David Irving's support forRolf Hochhuth,the German playwright who accused Winston Churchill of murdering the Polish wartime leader General Sikorski,The Daily Telegraphissued a memo to all its correspondents. 'It is incorrect,' it said, 'to describe David Irving as a historian. In future we should describe him as an author.' "Ingrams, Richard (25 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving was the author of his own downfall».The Independent.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010

"It may seem an absurd semantic dispute to deny the appellation of 'historian' to someone who has written two dozen books or more about historical subjects. But if we mean by historian someone who is concerned to discover the truth about the past, and to give as accurate a representation of it as possible, then Irving is not a historian. Those in the know, indeed, are accustomed to avoid the term altogether when referring to him and use some circumlocution such as 'historical writer' instead. Irving is essentially an ideologue who uses history for his own political purposes; he is not primarily concerned with discovering and interpreting what happened in the past, he is concerned merely to give a selective and tendentious account of it to further his own ideological ends in the present. The true historian's primary concern, however, is with the past. That is why, in the end, Irving is not a historian." Irving vs. (1) Lipstadt and (2) Penguin Books,Expert Witness Report by Richard J. EvansFBA, Professor of Modern History,University of Cambridge,2000, Chapter 6.

"State prosecutor Michael Klackl said: 'He's not a historian, he's a falsifier of history.'"Traynor, Ian (21 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving jailed for denying Holocaust».The Guardian.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010

"... Irving has never examined and interpreted facts for the simple reason that he is not a historian. He twists or suppresses evidence to fit a foregone conclusion—the opposite of what any reputable historian does."Taylor, Charles (24 de maio de 2001).«Evil takes the stand».Salon.Consultado em 30 de maio de 2007.Arquivado dooriginalem 12 de outubro de 2007

Hugh Trevor-Roper:"But I don't regard him as an historian. I don't think he has any historical sense. He is a propagandist who uses efficiently collected and arranged material to support a propagandist line." Cited in Richard J. Evans (2002).Telling lies about Hitler: the Holocaust, history and the David Irving trial.Verso. p. 261, andMichael Shermer."Enigma:The Faustian Bargain of David Irving ",Skeptical Inquirer,3 May 2005.

[15] "In 1969, after David Irving's support forRolf Hochhuth,the German playwright who accused Winston Churchill of murdering the Polish wartime leader General Sikorski,The Daily Telegraphissued a memo to all its correspondents. 'It is incorrect,' it said, 'to describe David Irving as a historian. In future we should describe him as an author.' "Ingrams, Richard (25 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving was the author of his own downfall».The Independent.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010

[16] "It may seem an absurd semantic dispute to deny the appellation of 'historian' to someone who has written two dozen books or more about historical subjects. But if we mean by historian someone who is concerned to discover the truth about the past, and to give as accurate a representation of it as possible, then Irving is not a historian. Those in the know, indeed, are accustomed to avoid the term altogether when referring to him and use some circumlocution such as 'historical writer' instead. Irving is essentially an ideologue who uses history for his own political purposes; he is not primarily concerned with discovering and interpreting what happened in the past, he is concerned merely to give a selective and tendentious account of it to further his own ideological ends in the present. The true historian's primary concern, however, is with the past. That is why, in the end, Irving is not a historian." Irving vs. (1) Lipstadt and (2) Penguin Books,Expert Witness Report by Richard J. EvansFBA, Professor of Modern History,University of Cambridge,2000, Chapter 6.

[17] "State prosecutor Michael Klackl said: 'He's not a historian, he's a falsifier of history.'"Traynor, Ian (21 de fevereiro de 2006).«Irving jailed for denying Holocaust».The Guardian.London.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010

[18] "... Irving has never examined and interpreted facts for the simple reason that he is not a historian. He twists or suppresses evidence to fit a foregone conclusion—the opposite of what any reputable historian does."Taylor, Charles (24 de maio de 2001).«Evil takes the stand».Salon.Consultado em 30 de maio de 2007.Arquivado dooriginalem 12 de outubro de 2007

[19] Hugh Trevor-Roper:"But I don't regard him as an historian. I don't think he has any historical sense. He is a propagandist who uses efficiently collected and arranged material to support a propagandist line." Cited in Richard J. Evans (2002).Telling lies about Hitler: the Holocaust, history and the David Irving trial.Verso. p. 261, andMichael Shermer."Enigma:The Faustian Bargain of David Irving ",Skeptical Inquirer,3 May 2005.

[Guardian_ruling-7] «The ruling against David Irving».The Guardian.London. 11 de abril de 2000.Consultado em 27 de março de 2010

[8] «Hitler historian loses libel case».BBC News. 11 de abril de 2000.Consultado em 2 de janeiro de 2010

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