Metodologia da economia
Aspeto
Ametodologia da economiaé o estudo dos métodos, geralmentecientíficos,relativos àeconomia,incluindo os princípios subjacentes ao raciocínio económico.[1][2][3][4]O termo 'metodologia' é também muitas vezes, apesar de incorretamente, usado como sinónimo para 'métodos', em vez deestudo dosmétodos.
Questõesmetodológicas,como as semelhanças e diferenças com asciências da naturezae com as outrasciências sociais,incluem:
- a definição de economia;[5][6][7]
- o alcance da economia de acordo com a definição dos seus métodos;[8]
- princípios fundamentais e relevância operacional da teoria económica;[9][10][11][12][13][14]
- individualismo metodológicoversusholismoem economia;[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
- alegações de utilidade e previsibilidade vs. realismo da simplificação das hipóteses usadas, tais como aescolha racionale a maximização dolucro;[22][23][24][25][26][27]
- o estatuto científico da economia;[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
- o equilíbrio entre abordagensempíricasea priori;[37][38][39][40][41][42]
- a utilização e limites dos métodosexperimentais;[43][44]
- análise dos métodosmathemáticose axiomáticos em economia;[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]
- a forma de escrita[55][56][57][58][59]e a retórica em economia;[60][61][62]
- análise da teoria e prática na economia contemporânea.[63][64][65][66][67]
Referências
- ↑Lawrence A. Boland, 1987. "methodology,"The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,v. 3, pp. 455-56.
- ↑Roger E. Backhouse,2008. "methodology of economics,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Daniel M. Hausman,1989. "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell,"Journal of Economic Perspectives,3(2), pp.115-127.
- ↑Kevin D. Hoover, 1995. "Review Article: Why Does Methodology Matter for Economics?"Economic Journal,105(430), pp.715-734.
- ↑John Stuart Mill,1844 Essay V,"On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper to It"emEssays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy
- ↑Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2008. "economics, definition of,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2009. "Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics,"Journal of Economic Perspectives,23(1), pp.221–33Abstract.
- ↑John Neville Keynes,1891.The Scope and Method of Political Economy.[1]
- ↑John R. Hicks,1939.Value and Capital:An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory.
- ↑Terence W. Hutchison,1938.The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory.
- ↑Paul A. Samuelson,1947.Foundations of Economic Analysis.
- ↑Richard G. Lipsey,2008. "positive economics."The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics.2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Lawrence A. Boland,2008. "instrumentalism and operationalism,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Lawrence A. Boland,2003.The Foundations of Economic Method,2nd Edition.Descriptionlinks.
- ↑Kaushik Basu,2008. "methodological individualism,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Harold Kincaid, 2008. "individualism versus holism,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑F.A. Hayek,1948.Individualism and Economic Order.links.
- ↑George J. StiglerandPaul A. Samuelson,1963. "A Dialogue on the Proper Economic Role of the State."Selected Papers,No. 7.Arquivado em27 de maio de 2010, noWayback Machine.University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
- ↑James M. Buchanan,1990. "The Domain of Constitutional Economics,"Constitutional Political Economy,1(1), pp.1-18, adaptado para "Constitutional Political Economy" em C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider, ed., 2004,The Encyclopedia of Public Choice,v. 2, pp.60-67.
- ↑Kenneth J. Arrow, 1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge,"American Economic Review,84(2), pp.1-9.
- ↑Richard H. ThalerandCass R. Sunstein,2008.Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness.Yale.Descriptionepreview.
- ↑Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "assumptions controversy,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Shaun Hargreaves Heap, 2008. "economic man,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Milton Friedman,1953. "The Methodology of Positive Economics"emEssays in Positive Economics.
- ↑Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "Problems of Methodology: Discussion,"American Economic Review,53(2)American Economic Review,pp. 231-236. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., 1990,Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments,v. I, pp. 107-13.Preview.Routledge.
- ↑Stanley Wong, 1973. "The 'F-Twist' and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson,"American Economic Review,63(3) pp. 312-325. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed.,Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments,v. II, pp. 224-43.Preview.
- ↑Kenneth J. Arrow,[1987]1989. “Economic theory and the hypothesis of rationality," inThe New Palgrave: Utility and Probability,pp. 25-39.
- ↑Lionel Robbins,1932.An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science.
- ↑Richard G. Lipsey,2009. "Some Legacies of Robbins’An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science,"Economica,76(302), pp.845-56.
- ↑Alexander Rosenberg(1983). "If Economics Isn't Science, What Is It?"Philosophical Forum,14, pp. 296-314. Reprinted in M. Martin and L. C. McIntyre (1996),Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science,pp.661-674.
- ↑Douglas W. Hands, 1984. "What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg,"Philosophy of Science,51(3), pp. 495-503.
- ↑Daniel M. Hausman, 1992.The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics.Description,to ch. 1link,preview,and reviews, 1st pages:[2][3]
- ↑George J. Stigler,1984. "Economics—The Imperial Science?"Scandinavian Journal of Economics,86(3), pp. 301-313.
- ↑Edward P. Lazear,2000. "Economic Imperialism,"Quarterly Journal of Economics,115(1), pp.99-146.
- ↑Deirdre N. McCloskeyand Stephen T. Ziliak, 1996. "The Standard Error of Regressions,"Journal of Economic Literature,34(1), pp.97–114.
- ↑Kevin D. Hoover and Mark V. Siegler, 2008. "Sound and Fury: McCloskey and Significance Testing in Economics,"Journal of Economic Methodology,15(1), pp.1–37;+ same issue: McCloskey and Ziliak, "Signifying Nothing: Reply to..."[preprint]and Hoover and Siegler,"... Rejoinder to...,pp. 39–68.
- ↑Mark Blaug, 2007. "The Social Sciences: Economics", Postwar developments, Methodological considerations in contemporary economics,The New Encyclopædia Britannica,v. 27, pp. 346-47.
- ↑Frank H. Knight,1924. "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics," inThe Trend of Economics,R.G. Tugwell, ed., pp. 229-67. Reprinted in Frank H. Knight, 1935 [1997],The Ethics of Competition,pp.97-139.
- ↑Daniel M. Hausman, 1983. "The Limits of Economic Science," inThe Limits of Lawfulness: Studies on the Scope and Nature of Scientific Knowledge,N. Rescher, ed.. Reprinted in D.M. Hausman, 1992,Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology,pp.99-108.
- ↑Ludwig von Mises,1949.Human Action.
- ↑Kevin D. Hoover, 2008. "causality in economics and econometrics,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑Bruce Caldwell, [1987] 2008. "positivism,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑C.F. Bastable, [1925] 1987. "experimental methods in economics," i,The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,v. 2, p. 241.
- ↑Vernon L. Smith,[1987] 2008. "experimental methods in economics,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑W. Stanley Jevons,1879.The Theory of Political Economy,2nd ed., ch. I, "Introduction," pp.1-29.
- ↑Paul A. Samuelson, 1952. "Economic Theory and Mathematics — An Appraisal,"American Economic Review,42(2), pp.56-66.
- ↑D.W. Bushaw and R.W. Clower, 1957.Introduction to Mathematical Economics,pp.vii-viiiand ch. 1, pp.3-8.
- ↑Gerard Debreu,1991. "The Mathematization of Economic Theory,"American Economic Review,81(1),pp. 1-7.Arquivado em31 de dezembro de 2008, noWayback Machine.
- ↑Robert W. Clower,1994. "Economics as an Inductive Science,"Southern Economic Journal,60(4), pp.805-814.
- ↑Robert W. Clower,1995. "Axiomatics in Economics,"Southern Economic Journal,62(2), pp.307-319.
- ↑Mark Blaug, 1998. "Disturbing Currents in Modern Economics,"Challenge,41(3), pp. 11-34.Reprint.
- ↑Kenneth J. Arrow,1951.Social Choice and Individual Values.
- ↑Amartya K. Sen,1970 [1984].Collective Choice and Social WelfareISBN 0-444-85127-5.
- ↑Amartya K. Sen, 2008. "social choice,"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,2nd Edition.Abstract.
- ↑ William Thomson, 1999. "The Young Person's Guide to Writing Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Literature,37(1), pp.157-183.Arquivado em15 de junho de 2011, noWayback Machine.
- ↑William Thomson, 2001.A Guide for the Young Economist: Writing and Speaking Effectively about Economics.links.
- ↑Eric Rasmusen, 2001. "Aphorisms on Writing, Speaking, and Listening," in E. Rasmusen, ed.,Readings in Games and Information,pp. 389-420.PDF.
- ↑Donald McCloskey, 1985. "Economical Writing,"Economic Inquiry,23(2), pp.187-222.
- ↑David N. Laband and Christopher N. Taylor, 1992. "The Impact of Bad Writing in Economics,"Economic Inquiry,30(4), pp. 673-688.Abstract.[ligação inativa]
- ↑D.N. McCloskey, 1983. "The Rhetoric of Economics,"Journal of Economic Literature,21(2), pp.481-517.
- ↑D.N. McCloskey, [1985] 1998, 2nd ed.The Rhetoric of Economics.links.
- ↑Roger Backhouse, T. Dudley-Evans, and Willie Henderson, 1993. "Exploring the Language and Rhetoric of Economics," in Willie Hendersonet al.,Economics and Language,pp.1-20(preview).
- ↑Wassily Leontief,1971. "Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts,"American Economic Review,61(1), pp. 1-7. Reprinted in W. Leontief, 1977,Essays in Economics,v. 1, ch. III, pp.24-34.
- ↑Mark Blaug,1992.The Methodology of Economics: Or How Economists Explain,2nd ed.Preview.
• Roger Backhouse and Mark Blaug, 1994.New Directions in Economic Methodology,Routledge. Scroll to chapter-previewlinks. - ↑D. Wade Hands, 2001.Without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory,Oxford.Desriptionlinks.
- ↑Christopher A. Sims,1996. "Macroeconomics and Methodology,"Journal of Economic Perspectives,10(1), pp.105-120.
- ↑Kevin D. Hoover, 2001.The Methodology of Empirical Macroeconomics,Oxford.Descriptionlinks.