Black Daith
TheBlack Daithwis ane o the maist devastatingpandemicsinhuman history,resultin in the daiths o an estimatit75 tae 200 millionfowk in Eurasie an peakin inEuropein the years 1346–1353.[1][2][3]Awtho thare war several competin theories as tae theetiologyo the Black Daith, analyses oDNAfrae victims in northren an soothren Europe published in 2010 an 2011 indicates that thepathogenresponsible wis theYersinia pestisbacterium,probably causin several forms oplague.[4][5]
The Black Daith is thocht tae hae oreeginatit in the dry plains oCentral Asie,whaur it traivelled alang theSilk Road,reachinCrimeabi 1343.[6]Frae there, it wis maist likely cairied biOriental ratton flechsleevin on theblack ratsthat war regular passengers onmerchand ships,spreidin ootthrou theMediterranean Basinan Europe.
The Black Daith is estimatit tae hae killt 30–60% oEurope's tot population.[7]In tot, the plague mey hae reduced thewarld populationfrae an estimatit 450 million doun tae 350–375 million in the 14t century.[8]It teuk 200 years for the warld population tae rekiver tae its previous level.[9][10]The plague recurred as ootbraks in Europe till the 19t century.
References
[eedit|eedit soorce]- ↑ABC/Reuters (29 Januar 2008)."Black death 'discriminated' between victims (ABC News in Science)".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved3 November2008.
- ↑"Health. De-coding the Black Death".BBC. 3 October 2001.Retrieved3 November2008.
- ↑"Black Death's Gene Code Cracked".Wired.3 October 2001.Retrieved12 Februar2015.
- ↑Haensch S, Bianucci R, Signoli M, Rajerison M, Schultz M, Kacki S, Vermunt M, Weston DA, Hurst D, Achtman M, Carniel E, Bramanti B (2010). Besansky, Nora J (ed.)."Distinct clones of Yersinia pestis caused the black death".PLoS Pathog.6(10): e1001134.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001134.PMC2951374.PMID20949072.CS1 maint: uises authors parameter (link)
- ↑Bos KI, Schuenemann VJ, Golding GB, Burbano HA, Waglechner N, Coombes BK, McPhee JB, DeWitte SN, Meyer M, Schmedes S, Wood J, Earn DJ, Herring DA, Bauer P, Poinar HN, Krause J (12 October 2011)."A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death".Nature.478(7370): 506–10.doi:10.1038/nature10549.PMC3690193.PMID21993626.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ↑"BBC – History – Black Death".BBC. 17 Februar 2011.
- ↑Austin Alchon, Suzanne (2003).A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective.University of New Mexico Press. p. 21.ISBN978-0-8263-2871-7.
- ↑"Historical Estimates of World Population".Census.gov.Retrieved12 November2016.
- ↑Wheeler, Dr. L. Kip."The Black Plague: The Least You Need to Know".Dr. Wheeler's website.Dr. L. Kip Wheeler.Retrieved9 August2015.
- ↑Jay, Peter (17 Julie 2000)."A Distant Mirror".TIME Europe.156(3). Archived fraethe originalon 25 Julie 2008.Retrieved25 Januar2018.