Hejaz

al-Hejaz,an awHijaz(Arabic:الحجاز‎al-Ḥiǧāz,literally "the barrier" ) is a region in the wast o present-daySaudi Arabie.Defined primarily bi its wastren mairch on theReid Sea,it extends fraeHaqlon theGulf o AqabataeJizan.Its main ceety isJeddah,but it is probably better kent for theIslamicholy ceety oMedina.As the steid o Islam's holy places the Hejaz haes significance in theAraban Islamic historical an poleetical landscape. The region is sae cried as it separates the land oNajdin the east frae the land oTihamahin the wast.

History

Evidence suggests that the northren pairt o Hejaz wis pairt o theRomanprovinceoArabia Petraea.

TheBiblicalstory o theGarden o Edenis inGenesis2:10-12:"An a river went oot o Eden tae watter the garden; an frae thence it wis pairtit, an became intae fower heids. The name o the first isPison:that is it which compasseth the whole land oHavilah,whaur there is gowd; An the gowd o that land is guiod: there isbdelliuman theonyxstane. "

Havilahis uisually associatit wi aither the Arabie Peninsulae or north-wastYemen,but in the wirk associatit wi the Garden o Eden biJuris Zarins,theHejaz muntainsappear tae satisfactorily meet the description. The Hejaz includes baith theCradle o GowdatMahd adh Dhahab(23°30′12.96″N40°51′34.92″E) an a potential soorce o the nou dreed ootPishon Riverthat uised tae flow 600 mile (970 km) north east tae the Persie Gulf via theWadi Al-Batinseestem. Airchaeological research led bi Farouk El-Baz oBoston Universityindicates that the river seestem, nou prospectively kent as theKuwait River,wis active 2500–3000 BC.

Due tae the presence o twa holy ceeties in Hejaz, the region went unner numerous empires throughoot its modren history. Hijaz wis later at the centre o theCaliphate,afore its caipital wis muivit taeDamascus.The region wis then unner the control o regional pouers sic asEgypan theOttoman Empirethrou hintle o its later history, efter which the Hejaz haed a briefperiod o poleetical unthirldomin the early 20t century.

In 1916,Sharif Hussein ibn Ali,a descendant oMuhammad,proclaimit hissel keeng o an independent Hejaz, as a result o theHussein-McMahon Correspondence.The ensuinArab Revoltsuccessfully owerthrew theOttoman Empire.In 1924, housomeivver, ibn Ali's authority wis usurpit biIbn Saudo the neighborin region oNejd,unitin it intae wha became kent as theKinrick o Nejd an Hejazan later the Kinrick o Saudi Arabie.

• 
  Banner oRashidun Caliphate(632–661)
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  Banner oUmayyad Caliphate(661–750)
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  Banner oFatimid Caliphate(967-1094)
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  Banner oAyyubid dynasty(1094–1254)
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  Banner oMamluk Sultanate(1254–1517)
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  Banner oOttoman Empire(1517–1916)
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  Banner oKinrick o Hejaz(1916–1925)
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  Banner oKinrick o Saudi Arabie(1925-present)

Geography

Geographically, the region is locatit alang theGreat Rift Valley.The region is an aw kent for its daurker, mair volcanic sand. Dependin on the previous definition, Hejaz includes the heich muntains oSarawatwhich topographically separate Najd frae Tehamah.Bdelliumplants are an aw abundant in the Hijaz.

Ceeties

• Medina
• Ta’if

• Al Bahah
• Tabuk

See an aw

• Hijaz muntains
• Hejazi Arabic
• Hejazi turban
• Mizmar (dance)

• Kinrick o Hejaz
• Hejaz railway
• Hijaz scale
• Hijazi script
• Nejd

Notes