Livorno

Livorno
Comune
Comune di Livorno
View o theNew Venicedestrict o Livorno
Coat airms
Livorno Location o Livorno in Italy
Coordinates:43°33′N10°19′E
Kintra	Italy
Region	Tuscany
Province	Livorno(LI)
Frazioni	Castellaccio,Gorgona,Limoncino,Quercianella,Valle Benedetta
Govrenment
• Mayor	Filippo Nogarin
Area
• Total	104.8 km2(40.5 sq mi)
Elevation	3 m (10 ft)
Population (28 February 2015)
• Total	159,431
• Density	1,500/km2(3,900/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Livornesi, also Labronici
Time zone	UTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code	57100
Diallin code	0586
Patron saunt	Santa Giulia da Corsica
Saunt day	22 Mey
Website	Offeecial wabsteid

Livornolisten(Italian pronunciation:[liˈvorno]), tradeetionally criedLeghorn(Inglis pronunciation:/ˈlɛɡˌhɔrn/) inInglis,is aportceety on theLigurian Seaon the wastren edge oTuscany,Italy.It is thecaipitalo theProvince o Livorno,haein a population o approximately 160,000 residents in 2009. The third-lairgest port on the wastren coast o Italy, Livorno supports substantialcruise-shiptourism taeFlorencean ither destinations in Tuscany anUmbrie.

History

Fortifications of Livorno in the 17t century.

Livorno wis defined as an "idealtoun "durin theItalian Renaissance.The day, it reveals its history throu the structur o itsneighbourhuids,crossed bicanalsan surroondit bifortifiedtoun walls,throu the tangle o itsstreets,which embroider the toun'sVenicedestrict, an throu theMediciPort characteristically owerleukit bitouersan fortresses leadin tae thetoun centre.Designed bi thearchitectBernardo Buontalentiat the end o the 16t century, Livorno unnerwent a period o greattoun planninexpansion at the end o the 17t century. Near the defensive pile o the Auld Fortress, a new fortress, thegither wi the toun-walls an the seestem o navigable canals, wis then biggit.

In the late 1580s,Ferdinando Io Tuscany declared Livorno aporto Franco,which meant that the guidstradithere wurduty free.TheLeggi Livorninewurlawsin force atween 1590 an 1603. Thir laws helped the tradin activities o themerchant,freedom o releegionanamnestyfor somepenance.Thanks tae thir laws, Livorno became acosmopolitanceety an ane o the maist important ports o the entireMediterraneanaurie. Monyforeignersmoved tae Livorno;Armenians,Dutch,Inglis,GreeksanJewswur amang those who relocatit tae live an trade. Muckle later, durin the 18t century, someMoriscos(MuslimSpaniardsforciblyconvertittaeCatholicism) an aa moved tae Livorno fraeSpain.On 19 Mairch 1606, the Granduca di ToscanaFerdinando I de' Medici,in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel o Saunt Francis o Assisi elevatit Livorno tae the rank o ceety.

Durin theNapoleonic Wars,trade wiBritainwis prohibitit an theeconomyo Livorno suffered greatly. Then, in 1868, efter Livorno became pairt o the newKinrick o Italy,it lost its status o afree portan the ceety's importance declined.

Main sichts

Piazza Grande in the 19t century: at left, the Palazzo del Governatore, at richt the Dogana

The Venice destrict retains muckle o its oreeginal toun plannin an airchitectural features sic as the brigs, narraelanes,thenoblemen'shoosesan a dense netwirk o canals which ance linked the port tae itsstorehooses.In the 18t an 19t centuries, Livorno, bi then grown up an open tae the warld, haed a lively appearance merked bineo-classicalbiggins,public pairkshoosin importantmuseumsancultural institutions,"Liberty"villaswisea viewsan themercat.

The Museo Mascagnano hooses memorabilia, documents an operas bi the great composerPietro Mascagni.Ivery year some o his operas are tradeetionally played durin the leeric muisic saison, which is organised bi the Traditional Theatre o Livorno. An aa the “Terrazza Mascagni”, a walkway dividit frae the sea bi a haundrail, is named in honour tae Pietro Mascagni.

Up in the hills theSanctuary o Montenero,which is dedicatit taeOor Lady o Graces,the patron saunt o Tuscany, is a fixed destination for pilgrims. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decoratit wi ex-voti mainly connectit tae stories o miraculous sea rescue.

The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ( "Monument o the FowerMoors"), dedicatit tae Grand DukeFerdinando I de' Medicio Tuscany, is ane o the maist important monuments o Livorno. An important square, the Piazza della Repubblica, contains twa important monuments o Italian politicians. The square is an aa a brig, unner which thare lies a lairge canal.

Anither important monument is an auld reid-brick fortress which, in Medici times, defendit the ceety frae attack bi pirates. Its three bastions are named “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” an “Canaviglia”. The oreeginal fortress wis biggit afore the Renaissance. A later ane wis constructit at the end o the 16t century.

Cultur

Poleetically, Livorno is ane o the maistleft-leaninceeties o Italy. TheCommunist Pairty o Italywis foondit in Livorno on 21 Januar 1921.

Theleghornvariety o chicken wis named efter the ceety. This in turn gae its name tae the cartoon characterFoghorn Leghorn.The ceety an aa lent its name tae a kynd o fineplaitit straeproduced thare an, bi extension, tae the leghorn hats made frae the material.

Sport

Livorno haes afitbaateam inSerie B,A.S. Livorno Calcio.

Twin touns—sister ceeties

Relatit page:Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy

Livorno istwinnedwi:

• Bat Yam,Israel
• Oakland,Unitit States
• Guadalajara,Spain
• Haiphong,Vietnam
• Novorossiysk,Roushie
• Adana,Turkey