Scots fowk
 | The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid. Pleasemak this airticle mair bettergin ye can. |
TheScots fowk(Scots Gaelic:Albannaich), orScots,is anaitionanethnic groupnative tilScotland.Historically thay came frae a mellin o thePechtsanGaels,incorporatin neebourinBrítonstae the sooth as weel as invadinGermanic fowkssiclike theAnglo-Saxonsan theNorse.
In modren uiss, "Scots fowk" or "Scots" is uised fir tae refer tae onybody that's origins is frae within Scotland. TheLaitinwirdScotti[1]oreeginally applee'd tae a parteecular, 5t century,Gaelictribe that inhabitit Ireland.[2]
Tho fir ordinar considertairchaicorpejorativewhan applied tae fowk,[3][4]the termScotchhaes been uised fir the Scots fowk an aw, but this uise is nou, tae the maist pairt, bi fowk ootwi Scotland.[5][6]TheOxford DictionardescribesScotchas an auld-farrant term fur "Scottish".[7]
Ethnic groups o Scotland
[eedit|eedit soorce]In the earlieMiddle Ages,theKinrick o Scotlandsaw loads o ethnic or cultural groups, includin thePechts,theGaels,the Brítons, an theAngles,wi the latter settlin in the sootheast o the kintra. Cultural-like, thae fowk ur groupit bi leid. Maist o Scotland till the 13t-centurie spakCeltic leidsan thae included, at least tae stairt wi, the Britons, as weel as the Gaels an the Pechts.[8]Germanic fowk included the Angles oNorthumbrie,that bided in sooth-east Scotland in the airt atween theFirth o Forthtae the north an theWatter o Tweidtae the sooth. Thay occupied the sooth-wast o Scotland an aw, up tae an the plain oKylean thair leid,Auld Inglis,wis the earliest form o the leid that eventual-like became kent asScots.
Uiss o theGaelic leidspreid oothrou near the hail o Scotland bi the 9th-centurie,[9]raxin a peak in the 11t tae 13t centuries, but wis niver the leid o the sooth-east o the kintra.[9]King Edgardivided theKinrick o Northumbrieatween Scotland anIngland;at least, maist medieval historians nou accept the 'gift' bi Edgar, in ony case, efter theBattle o Carhamthe Scots kinrick encompassed many Inglis fowk, wi even mair mibbie arrivin efter the Norman invasion o Ingland in 1066. Sooth-east o the Firth o Forth, then inLowdenan the borders (oe: loðene), a northren variety o Auld Inglis, kent asearlie Scots,wis spak.
As a result o this, the King o Scots returned fae exile in Ingland in 1113, tae assume the throne in 1124 at the hinder end, wi the help o theNormanmilitary force,King Davidinvitit Norman faimilies fae Fraunce an Ingland tae settle in lands he grantit thaim tae spread a rulin class lyal tae hissel. This Davidian Revolution, as loads o historians caw it, brocht a European pure class ofeudalismtil Scotland alang wi an influx o fowk o Norman descent – bi invítation, no like Ingland whaur it wis bi conquest. Tae this day, loads o the common fowk names o Scotland can trace ancestry tae Normans fae this period, sic as the Stewarts, the Bruces, the Hamiltons, the Wallaces, the Melvilles, some Browns an loads o ithers.
TheNorthren Islesan some bits oCaithnesswisNorn-speakin (the wast o Caithness wis Gaelic-speakin till the 20t-centurie, as war some wee communities in bits o the midsHielands). Fae 1200 tae 1500 the earlie Scots leid spreid aw ower the Lawland airts o Scotland atween Galloway an the Hieland line, bein used biBarbourin his historical epictheBrusin the late 14t-centurie inAiberdeen.
Fae 1500 onward, Scotland wis commonly divided bi leid intae twa groups o fowk, Gaelic-speakin "Hielanders" (the leid formerly criedScottisbi Inglis speakers an kent bi mony Lawlanders in the 18t-century asErse) an the Inglis-speakin "Lowlanders" (a leid efter tae be cried Scots). The day, immigrants hae broucht ower ither leids, but awmaist ilka adult oothrou Scotland is fluent in the Inglis leid.
Etymology
[eedit|eedit soorce]Oríginally, the Romans uisedScotiatae refer tae the Gaels bidin in Ireland. The VenerableBede(c. 672 or 673 – 27 Mey, 735) uises the wirdScottorumfur the nation fae Ireland that settlt pairt o the Pictish lands: "Scottorum nationem in pictorum parte recipit."We can infer this tae mean the arrival o the fowk, kent forby as the Gaels, in the kinrick oDál Riata,in the wastren lip o Scotland. It's tae note that Bede uised the wirdnatio(nation) fur tae refer tae the Scots, whaur he aften refers tae ither fowk, sic as the Picts, wi the wirdgens(race).[10]In the 10t-centurieAnglo-Saxon Chronicle,the wird Scot is mentioned as a reference tae the "land o the Gaels". The wird 'Scottorum' wis uised again bi an Erse king in 1005:Imperator scottorumwis the title gien taeBrian Bórumabi his notary, Mael Suthain, in the Book o Armagh.[11]This style wis subsequently copied bi the Scots kings.Basileus scottorumappears on the Great Seal oKing Edgar(1074–1107).[12]Alexander(c. 1078–1124) uised the wurdsrex scottorumon his Great Seal, as did mony o his successors up taeJamie the Saxt.[13]
In modren times, the wurdsScotanScotsur applied mainly tae inhabitants o Scotland. The maybee aye ancient Irish connotations ur maistly forgat. The leid kent asUlster Scots,spak in bits o North-east Ireland, is the result o 17t an 18t-centurie immigration tae Ireland fae Scotland.
Fitmerks
[eedit|eedit soorce]- ↑Bede uised a Laitin form o the wird Scots as the name o theGaelsoDál Riata.Roger Collins, Judith McClure; Beda el Venerable, Bede (1999).The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle; Bede's Letter to Egbert.Oxford University Press. pp.386.
- ↑Anthony Richard (TRN) Birley, Cornelius Tacitus; Cayo Cornelio Tácito (1999).Agricola and Germany.Oxford University Press.
- ↑Scotch | Define Scotch at Dictionary.com
- ↑The American Heritage Dictionary of the English LanguageScotch usage note,Encarta DictionaryArchived20 Apryle 2006 at theWayback Machineusage note.
- ↑"Scotch is still in occasional contemporary use outwith Scotland"
- ↑John Kenneth Galbraithin his bookThe Scotch(Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents how the descendants of 19th century pioneers from Scotland who settled in Southwestern Ontario affectionately referred to themselves asScotch.He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the Scotch-Canadian community in the early decades of the 20th century.
- ↑"Definition of scotch".Askoxford.com. 27 September 2012. Archived fraethe originalon 29 September 2007.Retrieved3 October2012.
- ↑Jackson, "The Language of the Picts", discussed by Forsyth,Language in Pictland.
- ↑abClancy, Thomas Owen(13 Julie 2006)."Gaelic Scotland: a brief history".bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk. Archived fraethe originalon 11 September 2007.Retrieved21 September2007."Archived copy".Archived frae the original on 11 September 2007.Retrieved22 September2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ↑Harris, Stephen J. (1 October 2003).Race and Ethnicity in Anglo-Saxon Literature.Routledge (UK). p.72.ISBN.
- ↑Moody, Theodore William;Martin, Francis X.;Byrne, F. J.(2005)."XXV Ireland and her neighbours, c.1014-c.1072".InÓ Cróinín, Dáibhí(ed.).A New History of Ireland.Oxford University Press. p. 862.ISBN978-0-19-821737-4.Retrieved12 Julie2016.
- ↑Freer, Allan (1871).The North British Review.Edmonston & Douglas. p. 119. andRobertson, Eben William (1862).Scotland Under Her Early Kings: a history of the kingdom to the close of the thirteenth century.Edmonston and Douglas. p.286.
- ↑Pryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E., eds. (1996).Handbook of British Chronology(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 55.ISBN978-0-521-56350-5.Retrieved12 Julie2016.