Alveolo-palatal consonant
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| Places of articulation |
|---|
Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial–velar |
| Labial–coronal |
| Labiodental |
| Dentolabial |
Bidental |
Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Denti-alveolar |
| Alveolar |
| Postalveolar |
| Palato-alveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial–palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular–epiglottal |
Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
Glottal |
Peripheral |
| Tongue shape |
Apical |
| Laminal |
| Subapical |
Lateral |
| Sulcal |
Palatal |
| Pharyngeal |
See also:Manner of articulation |
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Inphonetics,alveolo-palatal(oralveopalatal)consonantsarepalatalizedpostalveolarsounds. They are usuallyfricativesandaffricates.We pronounce them with the blade of thetonguebehind thealveolar ridge,and the body of the tongue raised toward thepalate.These consonants are similar topalato-alveolar consonants,but alveolo-palatal consonants are more fully palatalized.
Sibilants
[change|change source]We often use the alveolo-palatalsibilantsin theChinese languages(e.g.Mandarin,Hakka,andWu), and other languages in theEast Asiansprachbund(e.g.JapaneseandKorean). Manyslavic languages(e.g.Polish,RussianandSerbo-Croatian) also contains alveolo-palatal sibilants.Northwest Caucasian languages(e.g.AbkhazandUbykh) also use this consonant.Kinnauriuses analveolo-palatal nasal.The alveolo-palatal consonants in theInternational Phonetic Alphabetare:
| IPA | Description | Example | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning | ||
| ɕ | Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | Mandarin | Tiểu(xiǎo) | [ɕiɑu˨˩˦] | small |
| ʑ | Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | Polish | zioło | [ʑɔwɔ] | herb |
| t͡ɕ | Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | Serbo-Croatian | kuća/кућа | [kut͡ɕa] | house |
| d͡ʑ | Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | Japanese | Địa chấn(jishin) | [d͡ʑiɕĩɴ] | earthquake |
Stops, nasals and liquids
[change|change source]Thesinologicalcircles sometimes use (ȶ, ȡ), (ȵ), and (ȴ) for alveolo-palatal plosives,nasalsandliquids.But the IPA does not accept these symbols. We sometimes use these symbol to represent simplepalatalorplatalizedconsonants.
We consider the Polish nasal (represented with the letterń) to be alveolo-palatal, but not palatal. And the "palatal" consonants of severalIndigenous Australian languagesare also sometimes judged closer to alveolo-palatal in their articulation.
| Non-standard IPA | Description | Example | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Orthography | Non-standard IPA | Standard IPA | Meaning | ||
| ȶ | Voiceless alveolo-palatal stop | Korean | Hangul:티끌/tikkeul | [ȶʰiʔk̤ɯl] | [t̠ʲʰiʔk̤ɯl] | dust |
| ȡ | Voiced alveolo-palatal stop | Korean | Hangul:반디/bandi | [b̥ɐnȡi] | [b̥ɐnd̠ʲi] | firefly |
| ȵ | Alveolo-palatal nasal | Yi language | ꑌ (nyi) | [ȵi˧] | [ṉʲi˧] | sit |
| ȴ | Alveolo-palatal lateral | Catalan | ull | [ˈuȴ] | [ˈuḻʲ] | eye |
References
[change|change source]- Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian(1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages.Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN978-0-631-19815-4.
