August 13
Appearance
August 13is the 225th day of the year (226th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 140 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- 3113 B.C.–Maya Calendar,started on this date (some sources giveAugust 11). It ends either onDecember 21or23,2012.Although some people thought the world would end in 2012, life continued as normal.
- 29 BC–Octavianholds the first of three consecutive triumphs inRometo celebrate victory over theDalmatiantribes.
- 523–JohnsucceedsHormisdasasPope.
- 582–MauricebecomesEmperorof theEastern Roman Empire.
- 1099–Paschal IIis electedPope.
- 1315–Louis X of Francemarries Clemence d'Anjou.
- 1326–Aradia de Toscano,according to legend/folklore, is initiated into aDianicwitchcraftcult, subsequently founds the tradition ofStregherialater known as theMalandanti.
- 1415–Henry V of Englandlands atChef-en-Caux,Francewith 8000 men.
- 1516–Treaty of NoyonbetweenFranceandSpainsigned. In it,FrancisrecognizesCharles's claim toNaples,and Charles recognizes Francis's claim toMilan.
- 1521–Tenochtitlán(present dayMexico City) falls toconquistadorHernán Cortés
- 1532– TheDuchyofBrittanyabsorbed into theKingdomofFrance.
- 1536– Buddhist monks from Kyoto'sEnryaku Templeset fire to 21Nichirentemples throughoutKyotoin the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (TraditionalJapanese date:July 27, 1536).
- 1553–Michael Servetusarrested byJohn CalvininGenevaas aheretic.
- 1624–Louis XIII of FranceappointsCardinal RichelieuasPrime Minister.
- 1704–War of the Spanish Succession:Battle of Blenheim- English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.
- 1762–Seven Years' War:British forces takeHavanain the then-Spanish colony ofCuba.
- 1779–American Revolutionary War:TheRoyal Navydefeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss ofUSNavalForces before thePearl Harborattack onDecember 7,1941.
- 1792–Louis XVI of Franceis formally arrested by the National Tribunal and declared an enemy of the people.
- 1806– TheUnited Kingdomtakes control of theCape Colonyin present-daySouth Africafrom theNetherlands.
- 1809–Battle of Bergisel:TyroleansunderAndreas Hoferdefeat the French.
- 1814– TheConvention of London,atreatybetween theUnited Kingdomand theUnited Provinces,is signed inLondon.
- 1826– ScotsmanAlexander Gordon LaingentersTimbuktu,at the first time that aEuropeanis known to have arrived there.
- 1831–Nat Turnersees asolar eclipsewhich he believes is a sign ofGod.8 days later he and 70 otherslaveskill approximately 55 whites in Southampton County,Virginia.
- 1868– A largeearthquakestrikes nearArica(then inPeru,now inChile), causing an estimated 25,000 casualties and atsunamithat causes damage as far away asHawaiiandNew Zealand.
- 1878– The Luray Caverns in NorthwestVirginiaare discovered.
- 1898–Spanish-American War:SpanishandUSforces engage in a mock battle inManila,after which the Spanish commander surrenders in order to keep thecityout ofFilipinohands.
- 1898–Carl Gustav Wittdiscovers433 Eros,the first near-Earthasteroidto be found.
1901 – 2000
[change|change source]- 1905–Norwayholds areferendumin favour of dissolving the union withSweden.
- 1913–Otto Witte,an acrobat, is crowned King ofAlbania.
- 1913– Invention ofstainless steelbyHarry Brearley.
- 1918– Women enlist in theUnited States Marine Corpsfor the first time.Opha Mae Johnsonis the first woman to enlist.
- 1918–BMWis founded as a public company inGermany.
- 1920–Polish-Soviet War:Battle of Warsawbegins, lasts tillAugust 25.TheRed Armyis defeated.
- 1923– First major seagoing ship arrives atGdynia,newly constructedPolishseaport.
- 1923–Gustav StresemannformsGermany's first "Grand Coalition" government.
- 1935– The wall of thedamAlla Sella Zerbinobreaks in theLigurianAppeninesinItaly.Flooding inMolareandOvadakills over 100 or more.
- 1937– TheJapaneseattackShanghai,China.
- 1940–World War II:Battle of Britainbegins - TheLuftwaffelaunches a series of attacks onBritishfighter bases andradarinstallations.
- 1942–Walt Disney's fifthanimated feature,Bambi,premiers.
- 1948–AustriajoinsUNESCO.
- 1952–West GermanyandJapanjoin theInternational Monetary Fund.
- 1954– The national anthem ofPakistan- Qaumi Taranah - is broadcast for the first time.
- 1960– TheCentral African Republicdeclares independence fromFrance.
- 1961– TheGerman Democratic Republiccloses the border between the eastern and western sectors ofBerlin,to stop its inhabitants' attempts to escape to theWest.TheBerlin Wallis built as a result.
- 1964–Peter AllenandGwynne Evansarehangedfor themurderofJohn Alan West,becoming the last people to beexecutedin theUnited Kingdom.
- 1968–Alexandros Panagoulisattempts to assassinate Greek military leaderGeorge Papadopoulosin Varkiza,Athens.
- 1969– The threeApollo 11astronauts,Neil Armstrong,Buzz AldrinandMichael Collins,are released from a 3-week quarantine to enjoy a ticker-tape parade inNew York City.That evening, at a dinner inLos Angeles,California,they are given thePresidential Medal of FreedombyRichard Nixon.
- 1977– Members of the British National Front clash with anti-National Front demonstrators inLewisham,London.111 people are injured and 214 arrested.
- 1978– 150PalestiniansinBeirutare killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of theLebanese Civil War.
- 1984– The new InternationalAirportofJakartais opened.
- 1987– U.S. PresidentRonald Reaganassumes responsibility for his role in theIran-Contra scandal.
- 1996–Marc Dutroux,his wife Michelle Martin and Lelièvre were arrested.
- 1997–South Parkdebuts onComedy Central.
- 1999– The risingsunflag, already in use since1868,becomes the officialFlag of Japan.
From 2001
[change|change source]- 2001– TheArena auf Schalkeis opened, as the home of the football teamFC Schalke 04inGelsenkirchen,Germany.
- 2002– Major flooding occurs inSaxonyandSaxony-Anhalt,Germany,in what is referred to there as the "Flood of the Century".
- 2004–Games of the XXVIII Olympiadopens inAthens,Greece.
- 2004–Hurricane Charley,a category 4 storm, strikes theFort Myers, Florida,area.
- 2004–Black Fridaycrackdown byNSSon a peaceful protest in the capital city ofMaldives,Malé.
- 2004– 156CongoleseTutsirefugees massacred at theGatumbarefugee campinBurundi.
- 2008– American swimmerMichael Phelpsbreaks theOlympic Games' individual gold medal record.
- 2008–South Ossetian War:Russiantroops occupy theGeorgiancity ofGori.
- 2014– English film producer,Norman Spencer,becomes acentenarian.
Births
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- 582–Arnulf of Metz,Frenchbishopand saint (d.640)
- 1311– KingAlfonso XI of Castileand Leon (d.1350)
- 1625–Rasmus Bartholin,Danishphysician,mathematicianandphysicist(d.1698)
- 1651–Balthasar Permoser,Germansculptor(d.1732)
- 1666–William Wotton,English scholar (d.1727)
- 1700–Heinrich von Bruhl,German politician (d.1763)
- 1717–Louis François, Prince of Conti,French prince (d.1776)
- 1743– ArchduchessMaria Elisabeth of Austria(d.1808)
- 1752–Maria Carolina of Austria,Queen Consort ofNaplesandSicily(d.1814)
- 1757–James Gillray,Britishcaricaturist(d.1815)
- 1762–Therione de Mericourt,Frenchrevolutionary(d.1817)
- 1790–William Wentworth,Australian explorer and politician (d.1872)
- 1792–Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen,Queen consort ofWilliam IV of the United Kingdom(d.1849)
- 1800–Ippolito Rosellini,ItalianEgyptologist(d.1843)
- 1802–Nikolaus Lenau,Austrian writer (d.1850)
- 1803–Vladimir Odoyevsky,Russianphilosopherand writer (d.1869)
- 1810–Christian C. A. Lange,Norwegian historian and archivist (d.1861)
- 1814–Anders Jonas Angstrom,Swedishastronomerandphysicist(d.1874)
- 1818–Lucy Stone,AmericanWomen'sRights activist (d.1893)
- 1819–Aurelio Saffi,Italian politician (d.1890)
- 1819–George Gabriel Stokes,Irishphysicist(d.1903)
- 1820–George Grove,Englishmusicologist(d.1900)
- 1842–Albert Sorel,French writer andhistorian(d.1906)
- 1851–Felix Adler,German-born American educator (d.1933)
- 1852–Christian Krohg,Norwegian painter (d.1925)
- 1853–Antonio Salandra,Prime Minister of Italy(d.1931)
- 1857–Henri Pittier,Swiss-Venezuelan naturalist and biologist (d.1950)
- 1860–Annie Oakley,American sharp shooter (d.1926)
- 1866–Giovanni Agnelli,Italianindustrialistand founder ofFiat(d.1945)
- 1867–William Craigie,Scottishphilologistandlexicographer(d.1957)
- 1867–George Luks,American painter (d.1933)
- 1869–Tony Garnier,Frencharchitectand urban planner (d.1948)
- 1871–Karl Liebknecht,German political activist (d.1919)
- 1872–Richard Willstaetter,Germanchemist(d.1942)
- 1873–Christian Rakovsky,Bulgarian revolutionary (d.1941)
- 1879–John Ireland,English composer (d.1962)
- 1887–Julius Freed,American investor and banker (d.1952)
- 1888–John Logie Baird,Scottish inventor (d.1946)
- 1889–Camillien Houde,34thMayorofMontreal(d.1958)
- 1890–Li Zongren,Chinese politician (d.1969)
- 1895–Bert Lahr,American actor (d.1967)
- 1898–Jean Borotra,Frenchtennisplayer (d.1994)
- 1898–Regis Toomey,American actor (d.1991)
- 1899–Alfred Hitchcock,English movie director (d.1980)
- 1899–Soledad Mexia,Mexican-Americansupercentenarian(d.2013)
1901 – 1950
[change|change source]- 1904–Felix Wankel,German engineer and inventor (d.1988)
- 1904–Charles 'Buddy' Rogers,American actor (d.1999)
- 1907–Basil Spence,Scottisharchitect(d.1976)
- 1907–William Astor, 3rd Viscount Astor,English politician (d.1966)
- 1908–Gene Raymond,American actor (d.1998)
- 1911–Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza(d.2003)
- 1912–Salvador Luria,Italian-born biologist (d.1991)
- 1913–Makarios III,ArchbishopandPresident of Cyprus(d.1977)
- 1913–Fred Davis,Englishsnookerplayer (d.1998)
- 1914–Luis Mariano,Basqueoperettasinger (d.1970)
- 1918–Frederick Sanger,Englishchemistand two-timeNobel Prizewinner (d.2013)
- 1918–Noor Hassanali,2ndPresident of Trinidad and Tobago(d.2006)
- 1919–Norman Spencer,English film producer
- 1919–George Shearing,Britishjazzpianist(d.2011)
- 1920–Neville Brand,American actor (d.1992)
- 1921–Jimmy McCracklin,Americanbluesmusician (d.2012)
- 1925–Benny Bailey,Americanjazztrumpeter
- 1925–José Sazatornil,Spanish actor (d.2015)
- 1926–Fidel Castro,PresidentofCuba(d.2016)
- 1928–Pedro Pedrossian,Brazilian politician (d.2017)
- 1930–Tomás Borge,Nicaraguanpolitician (d.2012)
- 1930–Bernard Manning,English comedian (d.2007)
- 1930–Eddie Marlin,American wrestler and promoter (d.2019)
- 1931–Norman Read,New Zealandathlete(d.1994)
- 1933–Madhur Jaffrey,Indianactressand cookery writer
- 1933–Joycelyn Elders,15thSurgeon General of the United States
- 1934–Gyoji Matsumoto,Japanesefootballer
- 1936–Vyjayanthimala,Indian actress, dancer, singer and politician
- 1937–James David Santini,Americanpolitician(d.2015)
- 1938–Dave "Baby" Cortez,Americanpianist
- 1940–Bill Musselman,Americanbasketballplayer and coach (d.2000)
- 1940–Dirk Sager,Germanjournalist(d.2014)
- 1941–Ambrogio Fogar,Italian sailor, writer, rally driver and all-round adventurer and television presenter (d.2005)
- 1941–Henning Voscherau,German politician (d.2016)
- 1941–Susan Jameson,Englishactress
- 1942–Sheila Armstrong,Englishsoprano
- 1944–Kevin Tighe,American actor
- 1945–Lars Engqvist,Swedish politician
- 1945–Howard Marks,Welsh drug smuggler (d.2016)
- 1946–Janet Yellen,Americaneconomist,15th Chair of theFederal Reserve
- 1947–Margareta Winberg,Swedish politician
- 1948–Roberto Micheletti,Honduranpolitician
- 1949–Philippe Petit,French highwireartist
- 1949–Bobby Clarke,Canadianice hockeyplayer
1951 – 1975
[change|change source]- 1951–Dan Fogelberg,American musician (d.2007)
- 1952–Hughie Thomasson,Americanguitarist
- 1953–Carla Bodendorf,German athlete
- 1953–Thomas Pogge,Germanphilosopher
- 1955–Mulgrew Miller,Americanpianist(d.2013)
- 1955–Paul Greengrass,American director
- 1958–Feargal Sharkey,Northern Irish singer
- 1959–Andreas Ravelli,Swedishfootballer
- 1959–Thomas Ravelli,Swedishfootballer
- 1959–Michael Bradley,Irish musician
- 1960–Phil Taylor,Englishdartsplayer
- 1960–Janusz Kurtyka,Polishhistorian(d.2010)
- 1961–Christos Christodolou,Greekbasketballplayer
- 1961–Cary Stayner,American serial killer
- 1961–Chad Brown,Americanpokerplayer andactor(d.2014)
- 1962–Manuel Valls,Spanish-born French politician,Prime Minister of France
- 1962–John Slattery,American actor
- 1963–Valerie Plame,AmericanCIAagent and author
- 1963–Sridevi,Indian actress (d.2018)
- 1964–Debi Mazar,American actress
- 1965–Hayato Matsuo,Japanese composer and conductor
- 1966–Shayne Corson,Canadianice hockeyplayer
- 1966–Scooter Barry,Americanbasketballplayer
- 1969–Midori Ito,Japanese figure skater
- 1970–Casiano Delvalle,Paraguayanfootballer
- 1970–Alan Shearer,Englishfootballer
- 1971–Moritz Bleibtreu,German actor
- 1972–Michael Sinterniklaas,French-Americanactor,directorandscreenwriter
- 1972–Hani Hanjour,Saudi Arabianterrorist (d.2001)
- 1975–Joe Perry,Englishsnookerplayer
- 1975–Marty Turco,Canadianice hockeygoaltender
From 1976
[change|change source]- 1978–Benjani Mwaruwari,Zimbabweanfootballer
- 1980–Irina Berezhna,Ukrainian politician (d.2017)
- 1982–Sarah Huckabee Sanders,29thWhite House Press Secretary
- 1982–Sebastian Stan,Romanian-American actor
- 1982–Shani Davis,American speed skater
- 1982–Kalenna Harper,Americansinger-songwriter
- 1983–Thomas Schwall,American ski jumper
- 1984–Niko Kranjcar,Croatianfootballer
- 1984–James Morrison,British singer
- 1984–L'Aura,Italiansinger-songwriter,composer,violinistandpianist
- 1984–Alona Bondarenko,Ukrainiantennisplayer
- 1984–Colin Fleming,Scottishtennisplayer
- 1985–Olubayo Adefemi,Nigerianfootballer
- 1985–Lacey Brown,Americansinger-songwriter
- 1985–Mattia Pasini,Italianmotorcycleracer
- 1988–Keith Benson,Americanbasketballplayer
- 1989–Justin Greene,Americanbasketballplayer
- 1990–Shila Amzah,Malaysiansinger-songwriterandactress
- 1990–Elise Christie,Scottishshort-track speed skater
- 1990–DeMarcus Collins,Americanbasketballplayer
- 1990–Sae Miyazawa,Japanese singer (AKB48)
- 1991–Alexander Kacaniklic,Swedishfootballer
- 1993–Johnny Gaudreau,Americanice hockeyplayer
- 1994–Filip Forsberg,Swedishice hockeyplayer
- 2000–Piper Reese,Americaninternetcelebrity and actress
Deaths
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- 586–Radegund,Queen consortofClotaire I
- 604–Emperor Wen of SuiofChina(b.541)
- 612–Eudokia,Byzantine Empress (b.580)
- 900–Zwentibold,lastKing of Lotharingia(b.870)
- 1134–Irene of Hungary(b.1088)
- 1382–Eleanor of Aragon,queen ofJohn I of Castile(b.1358)
- 1447–Filippo Maria Visconti,DukeofMilan(b.1392)
- 1667–Jeremy Taylor,Irish writer and bishop (b.1613)
- 1686–Louis Maimbourg,historian (b.1610)
- 1744–John Cruger,Dutch-born American politician and 39thMayorofNew York City(b.1678)
- 1749–Johann Elias Schlegel,Germanpoetand critic (b.1719)
- 1826–René Laënnec,Frenchphysician(b.1781)
- 1863–Eugène Delacroix,French painter (b.1798)
- 1865–Ignaz Semmelweis,Austrian-Hungarianphysician(b.1818)
- 1884–Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington(b.1807)
1901 – 2000
[change|change source]- 1910–Florence Nightingale,English nurse (b.1820)
- 1912–Jules Massenet,French composer (b.1842)
- 1913–August Bebel,German politician (b.1840)
- 1917–Eduard Buchner,Germanchemist(b.1860)
- 1933–Hasan Prishtina,Albanian politician (b.1873)
- 1934–Mary Hunter Austin,American writer (b.1868)
- 1946–H. G. Wells,English writer (b.1866)
- 1948–Elaine Hammerstein,American actress (b.1897)
- 1958–Francis J. McCormick,American football player,basketballplayer and coach (b.1903)
- 1958–Otto Witte,German acrobat and claimant to the throne ofAlbania(b.1868)
- 1965–Ikeda Hayato,Prime Minister of Japan(b.1899)
- 1977–Henry Williamson,English writer (b.1895)
- 1982–Joe Tex,American musician (b.1933)
- 1984–Tigran Petrosian,Armenianchessplayer (b.1929).
- 1989–Tim Richmond,Americanracecar driver (b.1955)
- 1991–James Roosevelt,American politician (b.1907)
- 1994–Elias Canetti,Bulgarian-born writer (b.1905)
- 1995–Alison Hargreaves,Britishmountaineer(b.1963)
- 1995–Mickey Mantle,AmericanBaseball Hall of Famer(b.1931)
- 1995–Jan Křesadlo,Czech-born writer (b.1926)
- 1996–David Tudor,pianist and composer (b.1926).
- 1996–António de Spínola,Portuguese general and politician (b.1910)
- 1998–Nino Ferrer,Italian-French singer and composer (b.1934)
- 1998–Waneta Hoyt,Americanserial killer(b.1946)
- 1999–Ignatz Bubis,GermanJewishleader (b.1927)
From 2001
[change|change source]- 2003–Lothar Emmerich,Germanfootballer(b.1941)
- 2004–Julia Child,American chef and television personality (b.1912)
- 2005–David Lange,Prime Minister of New Zealand(b.1942)
- 2007–Yone Minegawa,Japanesesupercentenarian(b.1893)
- 2007–Phil Rizzuto,Americanbaseballplayer (b.1917)
- 2008–Henri Cartan,Frenchmathematician(b.1904)
- 2008–Sandy Allen,American, world's tallest woman (b.1953)
- 2009–Les Paul,American musician (b.1915)
- 2010–Lance Cade,Americanprofessional wrestler(b.1981)
- 2012–Helen Gurley Brown,Americanwriter,publisherandbusinesswoman(b.1922)
- 2012–Johnny Pesky,Americanbaseballplayer and coach (b.1919)
- 2013–Lothar Bisky,German politician (b.1941)
- 2013–Jean Vincent,Frenchfootballer(b.1930)
- 2014–Eduardo Campos,Brazilianpolitician(b.1965)
- 2014–Robert Bruce Smith, IV,American music expert, writer, historian and poet (b.1945)
- 2015–Bob Fillion,Canadianice hockeyplayer (b.1920)
- 2016–Kenny Baker,British actor (b.1934)
- 2016–Joyce Carol Thomas,Americanpoetandplaywright(b.1938)
- 2016–Françoise Mallet-Joris,Belgian writer (b.1930)
- 2017–Aung Shwe,Burmese politician and general (b.1918)
- 2017–Joseph Bologna,American actor (b.1934)
- 2018–Somnath Chatterjee,Indian politician (b.1929)
- 2018–Jim Neidhart,Americanprofessional wrestler(b.1955)
- 2018–Powell A. Moore,American politician (b.1938)
- 2019–Cecilia Caballero Blanco,First Lady ofColombia(b.1913)
- 2019–Nadia Toffa,Italian journalist and television presenter (b.1979)
Observances
[change|change source]- Independence Day (Central African Republic)
- International Lefthanders Day
- Lao Issara - Day of the FreeLaos
- Women's Day (Tunisia)