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Kingdom of Belgium
Motto:"Eendracht maakt macht"(Dutch)
"L'union fait la force"(French)
"Einigkeit macht stark"(German)
"Unity makes Strength"
Anthem:"La Brabançonne"

Location ofBelgium(dark green)

– on theEuropean continent(green & dark grey)
– in theEuropean Union(green)

Location of Belgium
Capital
and largest city
Brussels
50°51′N4°21′E/ 50.850°N 4.350°E/50.850; 4.350
Official languagesDutch
French
German
Ethnic groups
seeDemographics
Religion
(2015)
Demonym(s)Belgian
GovernmentFederalparliamentary
constitutional monarchy[1]
Philippe
Alexander De Croo
LegislatureFederal Parliament
•Upper house
Senate
•Lower house
Chamber of Representatives
Independence
(from theNetherlands)
• Declared
October 4, 1830
April 19, 1839
Area
• Total
30,689[2]km2(11,849 sq mi) (136th)
• Water (%)
0.64[2]
Population
• January 1, 2022 census
11,584,008Increase[3](75th)
• Density
377/km2(976.4/sq mi) (36th)
GDP(PPP)2016 estimate
• Total
$508.598 billion[4](38th)
• Per capita
$44,881[4](20th)
GDP(nominal)2016 estimate
• Total
$470.179 billion[4](23rd)
• Per capita
$41,491[4](17th)
Gini(2011)26.3[5]
low
HDI(2014)Increase0.890[6]
very high·21st
CurrencyEuro(€) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2(CEST)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+32
ISO 3166 codeBE
Internet TLD.be
  1. The flag's official proportions of 13:15 are rarely seen; proportions of 2:3 or similar are more common.
  2. TheBrusselsregion is thede factocapital, but theCity of Brusselsmunicipality is thede jurecapital.[7]
  3. The.eudomain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.

Belgium(officially theKingdom of Belgium;Dutch:Koninkrijk België,German:Königreich Belgien,French:Royaume de Belgique) is acountryinWestern Europe.Its capital,Brussels,is the home of many organizations including theEuropean UnionandNATO.Belgium is bordered byThe Netherlandsin the north,Germanyto the east,Luxembourgto the southeast andFranceto the south.

Belgium has an area of 30,689 square kilometres (11,849 sq mi). Around 11.6 million people live in Belgium. It is a founding member of theEuropean Unionand is home to its headquarters.

Regions

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There are three regions in Belgium. The regions are mainly based on language and culture. Flanders and Wallonia are both split up into fiveprovinceseach.

  • Flandersis the name of the northern half of Belgium, just south of theNetherlands.Most of the people in this region, called theFlemish people,speakDutch.
  • Walloniais the name of the southern half of Belgium, just north ofFrance.Here, most of the people, theWalloons,speakFrench.There is a small part of Wallonia next to the border withGermanywhere the people speakGerman.
  • TheBrussels-Capital Region,where the capital of Brussels is found, is in the middle of the country, but surrounded by Flanderson all sides.It used to be Dutch-speaking, but today French is mostly spoken, with some Dutch.

The population is about 60% Dutch-speaking, 39% French-speaking, and 1% German-speaking (the so-calledDeutschbelgier). To look after all these groups, Belgium has a complex system ofgovernmentwith highlyautonomousregions.

History

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TheSeventeen Provinces(orange, brown and yellow areas) and theBishopric of Liège(green)

The name 'Belgium' comes fromGallia Belgica.This was aRoman provincein the northernmost part ofGaul.Before Roman invasion in 100 BC, theBelgae,a mix ofCelticandGermanic peoples,lived there.[8]The GermanicFrankishtribes during the 5th century brought the area under the rule of theMerovingiankings. A slow shift of power during the 8th century led the kingdom of the Franks to change into theCarolingian Empire.[9]TheTreaty of Verdunin 843 divided the region intoMiddleandWest Francia.They werevassalseither of theKing of Franceor of theHoly Roman Emperor.[9] Many of these fiefdomswere united in theBurgundian Netherlandsof the 14th and 15th centuries.[10]

TheEighty Years' War(1568–1648) divided the Low Countries into the northernUnited Provincesand theSouthern Netherlands.Southern Netherlands were ruled by theSpanishand theAustrianHabsburgs.This made up most of modern Belgium.

After thecampaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars,the Low Countries were added into theFrench First Republic.This ended Austrian rule in the area. Adding back the Low Countries formed theUnited Kingdom of the Netherlands.This happened at the end of theFirst French Empirein 1815.

TheBelgian Revolutionwas in 1830.[11]Leopoldbecame king onJuly 211831. This is now celebrated as Belgium'sNational Day.[12]

Episode of theBelgian Revolutionof 1830(1834),byEgide Charles Gustave Wappers,Museum of Ancient Art, Brussels

TheBerlin Conferenceof 1885 gave control of theCongo Free StatetoKing Leopold II.Millions of Congolese people were hurt or killed, mostly to makerubber,and Leopold became very wealthy. In 1908 the Belgian state took control of the colony after ascandalabout the deaths.[13][14]

Germany invaded Belgium in 1914. This was part ofWorld War I.The opening months of the war were very bad in Belgium. During the war Belgium took overRuanda-Urundi(modern-dayRwandaandBurundi). After the War, thePrussian districtsofEupen and Malmedywere added into Belgium in 1925.The country was again invaded by Germany in 1940and under German control until 1944. After World War II, the people made kingLeopold IIIleave his throne in 1951. This is because they thought he helped the Germans. Belgium joinedNATOas a founding member.

In 1960 the Belgian Congo stopped being under Belgian rule.[15]Two years later Ruanda-Urundi also became free.

Geography

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See also:List of cities in Belgium

Belgium is next toFrance,Germany,Luxembourgand theNetherlands.Its total area is 34,143square kilometers(including sea area).[2]The land area alone is 30,689 km², of which 195 km² or 0.64% are inland and coastal waters.[2]Belgium has three main geographical regions. The coastal plain is in the north-west. The central plateau are part of the Anglo-Belgian Basin. TheArdennesuplands are in the south-east. The Paris Basin reaches a small fourth area at Belgium's southernmost tip, Belgian Lorraine.

The coastal plain is mostlysand dunesandpolders.Further inland is a smooth, slowly rising landscape. There are fertilevalleys.The hills have many forests. Theplateausof the Ardennes are more rough and rocky. They have caves and small, narrow valleys. Signal de Botrange is the country's highest point at 694 metres (2,277 ft).

Regions

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Belgium is divided into three regions:Flemish Region(Flanders),Walloon Region(Wallonia), andBrussels-Capital Region(Brussels Region or Brussels - also the name of the city):

Region Dutch name French name Capital Largest city Area
(km²)[16] 		Population
(2022)[3]
Brussels-Capital Region Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest Région de Bruxelles-Capitale Brussels
(Dutch: Brussel)
(French: Bruxelles)
(German: Brüssel)		 Brussels 162 1,222,637
Flanders Vlaanderen Flandre Brussels ¹ Antwerp¹
(Dutch/German: Antwerpen)
(French: Anvers)		 13,626 6,698,876
Wallonia² Wallonië Wallonie Namur
(Dutch: Namen)		 Charleroi 16,901 3,662,495

¹ The city of Brussels does not lie in Flanders Region and therefore cannot be the largest city of this region.

² German name: Wallonie(n): the very eastern part of the Walloon Region is officially German-speaking, the so-calledGerman-speaking Community of Belgium.

Provinces

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Flanders and Wallonia are divided into provinces. Brussels (Region) is not part of any province.

Province Region Dutch name French name Capital Largest city Area
(km²)[16] 		Population
(2022)[3]
Antwerp Flanders Antwerpen Anvers Antwerp
(Dutch:Antwerpen)
(French:Anvers)		 Antwerp 2,876 1,886,609
East Flanders Flanders Oost-Vlaanderen Flandre-Orientale Ghent
(Dutch:Gent)
(French:Gand)		 Ghent 3,007 1,543,865
Flemish Brabant Flanders Vlaams-Brabant Brabant flamand Leuven
(French:Louvain)		 Leuven 2,118 1,173,440
Hainaut Wallonia Henegouwen Hainaut Mons
(Dutch:Bergen)		 Charleroi 3,813 1,351,127
Liège¹ Wallonia Luik Liège Liège¹
(Dutch:Luik)		 Liège 3,857 1,110,989
Limburg Flanders Limburg Limbourg Hasselt Hasselt 2,427 885,951
Luxembourg Wallonia Luxemburg Luxembourg Arlon
(Dutch:Aarlen)
(Luxembourgish:Arel)		 Bastogne
(Dutch:Bastenaken)		 4,459 291,143
Namur Wallonia Namen Namur Namur
(Dutch:Namen)		 Namur 3,675 499,454
Walloon Brabant Wallonia Waals-Brabant Brabant wallon Wavre
(Dutch:Waver)		 Braine-l'Alleud
(Dutch:Eigenbrakel)		 1,097 409,782
West Flanders Flanders West-Vlaanderen Flandre-Occidentale Bruges
(Dutch:Brugge)		 Bruges 3,197 1,209,011

¹ German name: Lüttich - the very eastern part of the province of Liège is officially German-speaking, the so-calledGerman-speaking Community of Belgium.

Climate

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Belgium has a mostlyoceanic climate,but the BelgianArdenneshas acontinental climate.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F), on 25 July 2019 inBegijnendijk.[17]The lowest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F), on 20 January 1940 inLesse.[18]

Politics

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Philippe of Belgium,current King.

Since 1993, Belgium is afederalstate, divided into three regions and three communities.

Regions:

Communities:

It has a system ofgovernmentknown as aconstitutional monarchy,meaning that it has amonarch,but that the monarch does not rule the country, and that a government is electeddemocratically.

Belgium has had its own monarchy since 1831. KingAlbert IIleft the throne on July 21, 2013 and the current king isPhilippe.

In Belgium, the government is elected. Between mid-2010 and late 2011, after no clear result in theelection,Belgium had no official government, untilElio Di RupobecamePrime Minister.FlandersandWalloniaboth also have their own regional governments, and there is a notable independence movement in Flanders.Alexander De Croois currently the Prime Minister.

Military

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The Belgian Armed Forces have about 46,000 active troops. In 2009 the yearly defence budget was $6 billion.[19]There are four parts: Belgian Land Component, or the Army; Belgian Air Component, or the Air Force; Belgian Naval Component, or the Navy; Belgian Medical Component.

Science and technology

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Gerardus Mercator

Adding to science and technology has happened throughout the country's history.cartographerGerardus Mercator,anatomistAndreas Vesalius,herbalistRembert Dodoens[20][21][22][23]andmathematicianSimon Stevinare among the most influential scientists.[24]

ChemistErnest Solvay[25]and engineerZenobe Gramme[26]gave their names to theSolvay processand theGramme dynamoin the 1860s.Bakelitewas formed in 1907–1909 byLeo Baekeland.A major addition to science was also due to a Belgian,Georges Lemaître.He is the one who made theBig Bangtheory of the start of the universe in 1927.[27]

ThreeNobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicinewere awarded to Belgians:Jules Bordetin 1919,Corneille Heymansin 1938 andAlbert Claudetogether withChristian De Duvein 1974.Ilya Prigoginewas awarded theNobel Prize in Chemistryin 1977.[28]Two Belgian mathematicians have been awarded theFields Medal:Pierre Delignein 1978 andJean Bourgainin 1994.[29][30]

In February 2014, Belgium became the first country in the world to legalizeeuthanasiawithout any age limits.[31]

Culture

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Fine arts

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TheGhent Altarpiece:The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb(inside view), painted 1432 byvan Eyck

There have been many additions to painting and architecture. Several examples of major architectural places in Belgium belong toUNESCO'sWorld Heritage List.[32]In the 15th century the religious paintings ofJan van EyckandRogier van der Weydenwere important. The 16th century had more styles such asPeter Breughel's landscape paintings andLambert Lombard's showing of the antique.[33]The style ofPeter Paul RubensandAnthony van Dyckwas strong in the early 17th century in the Southern Netherlands.[34]

During the 19th and 20th centuries many originalromantic,expressionistandsurrealistBelgian painters started. These includeJames Ensorand other artists in theLes XXgroup,Constant Permeke,Paul DelvauxandRené Magritte.The sculptorPanamarenkois still a remarkable figure in contemporary art.[35][36]The artistJan Fabreand the painterLuc Tuymansare other internationally known figures in contemporary art.

Belgian contributions to architecture were also in the 19th and 20th centuries.Victor HortaandHenry van de Veldewere major starters of theArt Nouveaustyle.[37][38]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, there were major violinists, such asHenri Vieuxtemps,Eugène YsaÿeandArthur Grumiaux.Adolphe Saxinvented thesaxophonein 1846. The composerCésar Franckwas born in Liège in 1822. Newer music in Belgium is also famous. Jazz musicianToots Thielemansand singerJacques Brelhave made global fame. In rock/pop music,Telex,Front 242,K's Choice,Hooverphonic,Zap Mama,SoulwaxanddEUSare well known. In the heavy metal scene, bands likeMachiavel,Channel ZeroandEnthronedhave a worldwide fan-base.[39]

Belgium has several well-known authors, including the poetEmile Verhaerenand novelistsHendrik Conscience,Georges Simenon,Suzanne LilarandAmélie Nothomb.The poet and playwrightMaurice Maeterlinckwon theNobel Prize in literaturein 1911.The Adventures of TintinbyHergéis the best known ofFranco-Belgian comics.Many other major authors, includingPeyo,André Franquin,Edgar P. JacobsandWilly Vandersteenbrought the Belgian cartoon strip industry a worldwide fame.[40]

Belgian cinema has brought a number of mainly Flemish novels to life on-screen. Belgian directors includeAndré Delvaux,Stijn Coninx,LucandJean-Pierre Dardenne.Well-known actors includeJan DecleirandMarie Gillain.Successful films includeMan Bites DogandThe Alzheimer Affair.[41]

Cuisine

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Brussels waffles,commonly known asBelgian wafflesoutside of Belgium

Belgium is famous for beer, chocolate,wafflesandfrench fries.French fries were first made in Belgium. The national dishes are "steak and fries with salad", and "mussels with fries".[42] Other local fast food dishes include aMitraillette.Brands of Belgian chocolate andpralines,likeCôte d'Or,Guylian,Neuhaus,Leonidas,Corné and Galler are famous.[43]Belgium makes over 1100 varieties of beer.[44][45]TheTrappist beerof theAbbey of Westvleterenhas repeatedly been rated the world's best beer.[46][47]The biggest brewer in the world by volume isAnheuser-Busch InBev,based inLeuven.[48]

Sports

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Kim Clijsters wasWTA Player of the Yearin 2005 and 2010

Since the 1970s, sports clubs are organised separately by each language community.[49]Association football is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo.[50]With five victories in theTour de Franceand many other cycling records, BelgianEddy Merckxis said to be one of the greatest cyclists of all time.[51]Jean-Marie Pfaff,a former Belgian goalkeeper, is said to be one of the greatest in the history of football (soccer).[52]Belgium and The Netherlands hosted theUEFA European Football Championshipin2000.Belgium hosted the1972 European Football Championships.

Kim ClijstersandJustine Heninboth werePlayer of the Yearin theWomen's Tennis Association.TheSpa-Francorchampsmotor-racing circuit hosts theFormula One World ChampionshipBelgian Grand Prix.The Belgian driver,Jacky Ickx,won eight Grands Prix and six24 Hours of Le Mans.Belgium also has a strong reputation inmotocross.[53]Sporting events held each year in Belgium include theMemorial Van Dammeathletics competition, theBelgian Grand PrixFormula One, and a number ofclassic cycle racessuch as theTour of FlandersandLiège–Bastogne–Liège.The1920 Summer Olympicswere held in Antwerp.

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References

[change|change source]
  1. ↑"Government type: Belgium".The World Factbook.CIA. Archived fromthe originalon February 7, 2012.RetrievedDecember 19,2011.
  2. ↑2.02.12.22.3Bodemgebruik,Statbel
  3. ↑3.03.13.2Loop van de bevolking,Statbel
  4. ↑4.04.14.24.3"Belgium".International Monetary Fund.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
  5. ↑"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)".Eurostat Data Explorer. Archived fromthe originalon March 4, 2016.RetrievedAugust 13,2013.
  6. ↑"Human Development Report 2015"(PDF).United Nations.RetrievedDecember 14,2015.
  7. ↑The Belgian Constitution(PDF).Brussels, Belgium: Belgian House of Representatives. May 2014. p. 63. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on August 10, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 10,2015.
  8. ↑Bunson, Matthew (1994).Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire(Hardcover 352pp ed.). Facts on File, New York. p.169.ISBN0-8160-2135-X.(Paperback 512pp:ISBN0-8160-3182-7;Revised edition (2002), Hardcover 636pp:ISBN0-8160-4562-3)
  9. ↑9.09.1Cook (2002), p. 3
  10. ↑Edmundson, George (1922)."Chapter I: The Burgundian Netherlands".History of Holland.The University Press, Cambridge. Republished: Authorama.RetrievedDecember 15,2010.
  11. ↑Dobbelaere, Karel(Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Voyé, Liliane (Université Catholique de Louvain) (1990)."From Pillar to Postmodernity: The Changing Situation of Religion in Belgium"(PDF).The Allen Review. Online atOxford Journals,Oxford University Press:S1.RetrievedFebruary 25,2011.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑"National Day and feast days of Communities and Regions".Belgian Federal Government.RetrievedJuly 20,2011.
  13. ↑Meredith, Mark (June 6, 2005).The State of Africa(Hardcover 608pp ed.). Free Press. pp.95–96(?).ISBN0-7432-3221-6.
  14. ↑Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2002).The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History.Zed Books.ISBN978-1-84277-053-5.
  15. ↑"The Congolese Civil War 1960–1964".BBC News.RetrievedApril 29,2010.
  16. ↑16.016.1Bodembezetting volgens het Kadasterregister,Statbel
  17. ↑"Zo uitzonderlijk was het gisteren: 41,8 graden in Begijnendijk, vandaag wat minder warm en kans op onweer".July 26, 2019.
  18. ↑"Januari - KMI".Archived fromthe originalon August 11, 2018.RetrievedFebruary 12,2023.
  19. ↑"Defence Data Portal".European Defence Agency.RetrievedJune 15,2011.
  20. ↑"Rembert Dodoens: iets over zijn leven en werk—Dodoens' werken".Plantaardigheden—Project Rembert Dodoens (Rembertus Dodonaeus)(in Dutch). Balkbrug: Stichting Kruidenhoeve/Plantaardigheden. December 20, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon June 10, 2007.RetrievedMay 17,2007.
  21. ↑O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (2004)."Simon Stevin".School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. Archived fromthe originalon June 9, 2007.RetrievedMay 11,2007.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ↑Broe, Marc E. De; De Weerdt, D. L.; Ysebaert, D. K.; Vercauteren, S. R.; De Greef, K. E.; De Broe, L. C. (1999)."Abstract (*)".American Journal of Nephrology.19(2). S. Karger AG, Basel: 282–289.doi:10.1159/000013462.ISSN0250-8095.PMID10213829.S2CID2592970.RetrievedMay 11,2007.
  23. ↑Midbon, Mark,University of Wisconsin–Madison(March 24, 2000)."'A Day Without Yesterday': Georges Lemaitre & the Big Bang ".Commonweal,republished: Catholic Education Resource Center (CERC). pp. 18–19. Archived fromthe originalon July 6, 2007.RetrievedJune 7,2007.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ↑Patricia Carson (1969).The Fair Face of Flanders.Lannoo Uitgeverij. p. 136.ISBN90-209-4385-5.
  25. ↑Lance Day (2003). Lance Day, Ian McNeil (ed.).Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology.Routledge. p. 1135.ISBN0-203-02829-5.
  26. ↑Gordon Woodward (2003). Lance Day, Ian McNeil (ed.).Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology.Routledge. p. 523.ISBN0-203-02829-5.
  27. ↑"Georges Lemaître, Father of the Big Bang".American Museum of Natural History.2000.RetrievedDecember 9,2010.
  28. ↑"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977".Nobel Foundation.RetrievedDecember 9,2010.
  29. ↑O'Connor, John J.;Robertson, Edmund F.,"Pierre Deligne",MacTutor History of Mathematics archive,University of St Andrews.(Retrieved: November 10, 2011)
  30. ↑O'Connor, John J.;Robertson, Edmund F.,"Jean Bourgain",MacTutor History of Mathematics archive,University of St Andrews.(Retrieved: November 10, 2011)
  31. ↑"Belgium's parliament votes through child euthanasia".BBC News. February 13, 2014.RetrievedFebruary 13,2014.
  32. ↑"Belgium".Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List.UNESCO.RetrievedMay 15,2007.
  33. ↑Hendrick, Jacques (1987).La peinture au pays de Liège(in French). Liège: Editions du Perron. p. 24.ISBN2-87114-026-X.
  34. ↑Guratzsch, Herwig (1979).Die große Zeit der niederländische Malerei(in German). Freiburg im Beisgau: Verlag Herder. p. 7.
  35. ↑"Belgian Artists: (biographies & artworks)".World Wide Arts Resources. February 5, 2006. Archived fromthe originalon May 15, 2016.RetrievedMay 10,2007.—List of Belgian painters, linking to their biographies and artworks
  36. ↑Baudson, Michel (1996)."Panamarenko".Flammarion (Paris), quoted at presentation of the XXIII Bienal Internacional de São Paulo. Archived fromthe originalon February 7, 2007.RetrievedMay 10,2007.
  37. ↑"ib. (page2)".Senses Art Nouveau Shop, Brussels. 2007. Archived fromthe originalon March 4, 2007.RetrievedMay 11,2007.
  38. ↑"Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)".UNESCO'sWorld Heritage List.UNESCO.RetrievedMay 16,2007.
  39. ↑"The Timeline—A brief history of Belgian Pop Music".The Belgian Pop & Rock Archives.Flanders Music Centre, Brussels. March 2007.RetrievedJune 7,2007.
  40. ↑Laurence Grove (2010).Comics in French: the European bande dessinée in context.Berghahn Books.ISBN978-1-84545-588-0.
  41. ↑"History of Cinema in Belgium".Film Birth.2007. Archived fromthe originalon September 14, 2011.RetrievedJune 26,2011.
  42. ↑"Steak-frites".Epicurious. Archived fromthe originalon August 8, 2007.RetrievedAugust 12,2007.
  43. ↑Mark Elliott, Geert Cole (2000).Belgium and Luxembourg.Lonely Planet. p. 53.
  44. ↑Snick, Chris (October 18, 2011)."Nieuwe bierbijbel bundelt alle 1.132 Belgische bieren".Het Nieuwsblad(in Dutch). Archived fromthe originalon June 5, 2012.RetrievedJune 24,2012.
  45. ↑"Nieuwe bierbijbel met 1.132 Belgische bieren voorgesteld in Brugge".Krant van West-Vlaanderen(in Dutch). October 18, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2012.RetrievedJune 24,2012.
  46. ↑Ames, Paul (August 30, 2009)."Buying the World's Best Beer".Global Post.RetrievedNovember 19,2010.
  47. ↑Guthrie, Tyler (August 11, 2010)."Day trip to the best beer in the world".Chicago Tribune.Archived fromthe originalon December 4, 2010.RetrievedNovember 19,2010.
  48. ↑"InBev dividend 2006: 0.72 euro per share—infobox: About InBev"(Press release). InBev. April 24, 200.RetrievedMay 31,2007.InBev is a publicly traded company (Euronext:INB) based inLeuven,Belgium. The company's origins date back to 1366, and today it is the leading global brewer by volume.
  49. ↑Marijke Task; Roland Renson; Bart van Reusel (1999). Klaus Heinemann (ed.).Organised sport in transition: development, structures and trends of sports clubs in Belgium.Schattauer Verlag. pp. 183–229.ISBN3-7945-2038-6.{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)
  50. ↑George Wingfield (2008). Charles F. Gritzner (ed.).Belgium.Infobase Publishing. pp.94–95.ISBN978-0-7910-9670-3.
  51. ↑Majendie, Matt (April 18, 2005)."Great, but there are greater".BBC Sport.RetrievedSeptember 20,2007.
  52. ↑"Goalkeeping Greats"Goalkeepersaredifferent.com. Retrieved onJune 292008
  53. ↑Bob Woods (2008).Motocross History: From Local Scrambling to World Championship MX to Freestyle.Crabtree Publishing Company. p.19.ISBN978-0-7787-3987-6.

Other websites

[change|change source]
TheSimple English Wiktionaryhas adefinitionfor: Belgium.

Media related toBelgiumat Wikimedia Commons


Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgium&oldid=9770857"