Close front unrounded vowel

Close front unrounded vowel
Close front unrounded vowel
{{Bold text{ipa symbol\|}}}
IPAnumber	301
Encoding
Entity(decimal)	i
Unicode(hex)	U+0069
X-SAMPA	i
Kirshenbaum	i
Sound
	view; talk; edit;

IPA:Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä	ɑ ɒ

Vowels beside dots are:unrounded•rounded

Theclose front unrounded vowel(also calledhigh front unrounded vowel), is a type ofvowel.It is aniin theInternational Phonetic Alphabet.It sounds like theEnglishwordmeet.It is also called along-einAmerican English.^[1]In English this sound has more length then it should and is not usuallypronouncedas a pure vowel(it is adiphthong).^[2]A pure[i]sound can be heard in languages such asFrenchwith words likechic.

In languages[change|change source]

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Afrikaans^[3]		dief	[dif]	'thief'	SeeAfrikaans phonology
Arabic	Standard^[4]	دين/diin	[d̪iːn]	'religion'	SeeArabic phonology
Catalan^[5]		sic	[ˈsik]	'sic'	SeeCatalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin^[6]^[7]	Thất/qī	[tɕʰi˥]	'seven'	SeeStandard Chinese phonology
Chuvash		çип	[ɕ̬ip]	'thread'
Czech^[8]^[9]		bílý	[ˈbiːliː]	'white'	SeeCzech phonology
Dutch^[10]^[11]		biet	[bit]	'beet'	SeeDutch phonology
English^[12]	All dialects	free	[fɹiː]	'free'	In certaindialects,it can bepronuncedas a diphthong. SeeEnglish phonology
English^[12]	Australian^[13]	bit	[bit]	'bit'	Also described as near-close front[ɪ̟].^[14]SeeAustralian English phonology
French^[15]^[16]		fini	[fini]	'finished'	SeeFrench phonology
German^[17]^[18]		Ziel	[t͡siːl]	'goal'	SeeStandard German phonology
Greek	Modern Standard^[19]^[20]	κήπος/kípos	[ˈc̠ipo̞s̠]	'garden'	SeeModern Greek phonology
Hungarian^[21]		ív	[iːv]	'arch'	SeeHungarian phonology
Italian^[22]		bile	[ˈbiːle̞]	'rage'	SeeItalian phonology
Japanese^[23]		Ngân/gin	[ɡʲiɴ]	'silver'	SeeJapanese phonology
Khmer		លទ្ធិ/lôtthĭ	[lattʰiʔ]	'doctrine'	SeeKhmer phonology
Korean^[24]		아이/ai	[ɐi]	'child'	SeeKorean phonology
Kurdish^[25]^[26]	Kurmanji (Northern)	şîr	[ʃiːɾ]	'milk'	SeeKurdish phonology
	Sorani (Central)	شیر/šîr
	Palewani (Southern)	شیر/šîr
Lithuanian		vyras	[viːrɐs̪]	'man'	SeeLithuanian orthography
Malay	Malaysian Malay	ikut	[i.kʊt]	'to follow'	SeeMalay phonology
Polish^[27]		miś	[ˈmʲiɕ]	'teddy bear'	SeePolish phonology
Portuguese^[28]		fino	[ˈfinu](help·info)	'thin'	Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ⟨y⟩. SeePortuguese phonology
Romanian^[29]		insulă	[ˈin̪s̪ulə]	'island'	SeeRomanian phonology
Rungus^[30]		rikot	[ˈri.kot]	'to come'
Russian^[31]		лист/list	[lʲis̪t̪]	'leaf'	Will only be used after palatalized consonants. SeeRussian phonology
Serbo-Croatian^[32]		vile	[ʋîle̞]	'hayfork'	SeeSerbo-Croatian phonology
Spanish^[33]		tipo	[ˈt̪ipo̞]	'type'	Can be written by ⟨y⟩. SeeSpanish phonology
Sotho^[34]		ho bitsa	[huˌbit͡sʼɑ̈]	'to call'	Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.^[34]SeeSotho phonology
Swedish	Central Standard^[35]^[36]	bli	[bliː]	'to stay'	SeeSwedish phonology
Thai^[37]		กริช/krit	[krìt]	'dagger'
Turkish^[38]^[39]		ip	[ip]	'rope'	SeeTurkish phonology
Ukrainian^[40]		місто/misto	['misto]	'city, town'	SeeUkrainian phonology
Welsh		esi	[eːs iː]	'I went'	SeeWelsh phonology
Yoruba^[41]		síbí	[síbí]	'spoon'

Notes[change|change source]

↑Maddox, Maeve."DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of" Long E "".www.dailywritingtips.com.RetrievedJuly 20,2014.
↑Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006).The Atlas of North American English.Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17.ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.
↑Donaldson (1993),p. 2.
↑Thelwall (1990),p. 38.
↑Carbonell & Llisterri (1992),p. 54.
↑Lee & Zee (2003),p. 110.
↑Duanmu (2007),pp. 35–36.
↑Dankovičová (1999),p. 72.
↑Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012),p. 228.
↑Gussenhoven (1992),p. 47.
↑Verhoeven (2005),p. 245.
↑Roach (2004),p. 240.
↑Cox & Palethorpe (2007),p. 344.
↑Cox & Fletcher (2017),p. 65.
↑Fougeron & Smith (1993),p. 73.
↑Collins & Mees (2013),p. 225.
↑Hall (2003),pp. 78, 107.
↑Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015),p. 34.
↑Arvaniti (2007),p. 28.
↑Trudgill (2009),p. 81.
↑Szende (1994),p. 92.
↑Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004),p. 119.
↑Okada (1999),p. 117.
↑Lee (1999),p. 121.
↑Thackston (2006a),p. 1.
↑Khan & Lescot (1970),pp. 8–16.
↑Jassem (2003),p. 105.
↑Cruz-Ferreira (1995),p. 92.
↑Sarlin (2014),p. 18.
↑Forschner, T. A. (December 1994).Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect)(PDF).Kudat. p. 6.Archived(PDF)from the original on 19 September 2020.{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 15 February 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑Jones & Ward (1969),p. 30.
↑Landau et al. (1999),p. 67.
↑Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003),p. 256.
↑^34.0^34.1Doke & Mofokeng (1974),p.?.
↑Engstrand (1999),p. 140.
↑Riad (2014),p. 21.
↑Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993),p. 24.
↑Zimmer & Organ (1999),p. 155.
↑Göksel & Kerslake (2005),p. 10.
↑Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995),p. 4.
↑Bamgboṣe (1969),p. 166.

References[change|change source]

Arvaniti, Amalia (2007),"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"(PDF),Journal of Greek Linguistics,8:97–208,CiteSeerX10.1.1.692.1365,doi:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv,archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-12-11
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Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017) [First published 2012],Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription(2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-1-316-63926-9
Cox, Felicity; Palethorpe, Sallyanne (2007),"Australian English"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,37(3): 341–350,doi:10.1017/S0025100307003192
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,25(2): 90–94,doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223,ISSN 0025-1003,S2CID 249414876
Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995),Ukrainian,Lincom Europa,ISBN 9783929075083
Doke, Clement Martyn;Mofokeng, S. Machabe (1974),Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar(3rd ed.), Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa,ISBN 978-0-582-61700-1
Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993),"1. Pronunciation",A Grammar of Afrikaans,Mouton de Gruyter,pp. 1–35,ISBN 9783110134261
Duanmu, San (2007) [First published 2000],The Phonology of Standard Chinese(2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-921578-2
Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962],Das Aussprachewörterbuch(in German) (7th ed.), Berlin: Dudenverlag,ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142,ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,23(2): 73–76,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874,ISSN 0025-1003,S2CID 249404451
Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005),Turkish: a comprehensive grammar,Routledge,ISBN 978-0415114943
Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,22(2): 45–47,doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X,ISSN 0025-1003,S2CID 243772965
Hall, Christopher (2003) [First published 1992],Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English(2nd ed.), Manchester: Manchester University Press,ISBN 978-0-7190-6689-4
Jassem, Wiktor(2003), "Polish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33(1): 103–107,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191,ISSN 0025-1003
Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969),The Phonetics of Russian,Cambridge University Press
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003), "Standard Chinese (Beijing)",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33(1): 109–112,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33(2): 255–259,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373,ISSN 0025-1003
Okada, Hideo (1999),"Japanese",in International Phonetic Association (ed.),Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet,Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119,ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
Riad, Tomas (2014),The Phonology of Swedish,Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34(2): 239–245,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768,ISSN 0025-1003
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Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999),"Turkish"(PDF),Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0,archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2018-07-25,retrieved2022-02-22

[1] Maddox, Maeve."DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of" Long E "".www.dailywritingtips.com.RetrievedJuly 20,2014.

[2] Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006).The Atlas of North American English.Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17.ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.

[FOOTNOTEDonaldson19932-3] Donaldson (1993),p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-4] Thelwall (1990),p. 38.

[FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-5] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992),p. 54.

[FOOTNOTELeeZee2003110-6] Lee & Zee (2003),p. 110.

[FOOTNOTEDuanmu200735–36-7] Duanmu (2007),pp. 35–36.

[FOOTNOTEDankovičová199972-8] Dankovičová (1999),p. 72.

[FOOTNOTEŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012228-9] Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012),p. 228.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-10] Gussenhoven (1992),p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2005245-11] Verhoeven (2005),p. 245.

[FOOTNOTERoach2004240-12] Roach (2004),p. 240.

[FOOTNOTECoxPalethorpe2007344-13] Cox & Palethorpe (2007),p. 344.

[FOOTNOTECoxFletcher201765-14] Cox & Fletcher (2017),p. 65.

[FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-15] Fougeron & Smith (1993),p. 73.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225-16] Collins & Mees (2013),p. 225.

[FOOTNOTEHall200378,_107-17] Hall (2003),pp. 78, 107.

[FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201534-18] Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015),p. 34.

[FOOTNOTEArvaniti200728-19] Arvaniti (2007),p. 28.

[FOOTNOTETrudgill200981-20] Trudgill (2009),p. 81.

[FOOTNOTESzende199492-21] Szende (1994),p. 92.

[FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119-22] Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004),p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-23] Okada (1999),p. 117.

[FOOTNOTELee1999121-24] Lee (1999),p. 121.

[FOOTNOTEThackston2006a1-25] Thackston (2006a),p. 1.

[FOOTNOTEKhanLescot19708–16-26] Khan & Lescot (1970),pp. 8–16.

[FOOTNOTEJassem2003105-27] Jassem (2003),p. 105.

[FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592-28] Cruz-Ferreira (1995),p. 92.

[FOOTNOTESarlin201418-29] Sarlin (2014),p. 18.

[30] Forschner, T. A. (December 1994).Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect)(PDF).Kudat. p. 6.Archived(PDF)from the original on 19 September 2020.{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 15 February 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[FOOTNOTEJonesWard196930-31] Jones & Ward (1969),p. 30.

[FOOTNOTELandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić199967-32] Landau et al. (1999),p. 67.

[FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003256-33] Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003),p. 256.

[FOOTNOTEDokeMofokeng1974?-34] 34.0^34.1Doke & Mofokeng (1974),p.?.

[FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-35] Engstrand (1999),p. 140.

[FOOTNOTERiad201421-36] Riad (2014),p. 21.

[FOOTNOTETingsabadhAbramson199324-37] Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993),p. 24.

[FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgan1999155-38] Zimmer & Organ (1999),p. 155.

[FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake200510-39] Göksel & Kerslake (2005),p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-40] Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995),p. 4.

[FOOTNOTEBamgboṣe1969166-41] Bamgboṣe (1969),p. 166.

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