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Flerovium

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Flerovium,00Fl
Flerovium
Pronunciation
Mass number[289] (unconfirmed: 290)
Flerovium in theperiodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Pb
↑
Fl
↓
(Uho)
nihonium←flerovium→moscovium
Groupgroup 14 (carbon group)
Periodperiod 7
Blockp-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f146d107s27p2(predicted)[3](predicted)
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4(predicted)
Physical properties
PhaseatSTPgas(predicted)[3]
Boiling point~ 210 K ​(~ −60 °C, ​~ −80 °F)[4][5]
Densitywhen liquid (atm.p.)14 g/cm3(predicted)[6]
Heat of vaporization38 kJ/mol(predicted)[6]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6)(predicted)[3][7][8]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 832.2 kJ/mol(predicted)[9]
  • 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol(predicted)[6]
  • 3rd: 3370 kJ/mol(predicted)[6]
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 180pm(predicted)[3][6]
Covalent radius171–177 pm(extrapolated)[10]
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure​face-centered cubic(fcc)
Face-centred cubic crystal structure for flerovium

(predicted)[11]
CAS Number54085-16-4
History
NamingafterFlerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions(itself named afterGeorgy Flyorov)[12]
DiscoveryJoint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR) andLawrence Livermore National Laboratory(LLNL)(1999)
Isotopes of flerovium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life(t1/2) mode pro­duct
284Fl synth 2.5 ms[13][14] SF –
285Fl synth 100 ms[15] α 281Cn
286Fl synth 105 ms[16] α55% 282Cn
SF45% –
287Fl synth 360 ms[16] α 283Cn
ε?[17] 287Nh
288Fl synth 660 ms α 284Cn
289Fl synth 1.9 s α 285Cn
290Fl synth 19 s?[18][19] EC 290Nh
α 286Cn
Category: Flerovium
|references

Fleroviumis asyntheticchemical elementalso known aseka-lead.It has the symbolFland has theatomic number114. It is aradioactivesuperheavy element.

Flerovium does not exist in nature. It is made from anuclear reactionbetweenplutoniumandcalcium.The reaction that happens is afusionreaction.

Uses

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It currently has no use at the moment as it is being researched right now.

History

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Thediscoveryof Flerovium in December 1998 was reported in January 1999 byscientistsat theJoint Institute for Nuclear ResearchinDubna,Russia.[21]The same team of scientists made another isotope of Fl three months later[22]and made it again in 2004 and 2006.

In 2004 in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research checked it was made by another method. They found the final products ofradioactive decay.

After its discovery, the "new" element was namedununquadium.The named changed on May 30th, 2012 to "flerovium". It was named for the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, which was named for Russian physicistGeorgy Flyorov.TheInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistrynamed it so.[23]

Chemical properties

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Not enough Flerovium has been made to measure itsphysicalorchemicalproperties. It is thought that it would be a soft, dense metal thatchanges colourin air. It may have a lowmelting pointof about 200 °C.

Making it

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Flerovium can be made bybombardingaplutonium-244targetwithcalcium-48 as abeamofions.

298Fl - An undiscovered neutron-rich nucleus

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According to the nuclear shell model, the undiscovered neutron-rich nucleus298Fl may be a doubly magic nucleus, atop the shell closure at N=184.[24]It is predicted that this atom, amid the closed nuclear shells, expected to have longer half-lives for alpha decay and spontaneous fission. However using the fusion-evaporation method to produce this nuclide is impractical, since more neutron-rich starting materials with low proton numbers are unstable due to beta decay.

Estimates for half-lives for this atom range from a few minutes to several billion years.[source?]

References

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  1. ↑Flerovium and Livermorium.The Periodic Table of Videos.University of Nottingham. December 2, 2011.RetrievedJune 4,2012.
  2. ↑"flerovium".LexicoUK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary.Oxford University Press.Archived fromthe originalon 2021-02-05.
  3. ↑3.03.13.23.33.4Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.).The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements(3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer Science+Business Media.ISBN978-1-4020-3555-5.
  4. ↑ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.(27 January 2017)."Discovering Superheavy Elements".Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Retrieved21 April2017.
  5. ↑ Seaborg, G. T."Transuranium element".Encyclopædia Britannica.Retrieved2010-03-16.
  6. ↑6.06.16.26.36.4Fricke, Burkhard (1975)."Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties".Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry.Structure and Bonding.21:89–144.doi:10.1007/BFb0116498.ISBN978-3-540-07109-9.Retrieved4 October2013.
  7. ↑Fricke, Burkhard (1975)."Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties".Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry.Structure and Bonding.21:89–144.doi:10.1007/BFb0116498.ISBN978-3-540-07109-9.Retrieved4 October2013.
  8. ↑Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Seth, Michael (2002)."Relativistic Quantum Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements. Closed-Shell Element 114 as a Case Study"(PDF).Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences.3(1): 133–136.doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133.Retrieved12 September2014.
  9. ↑Pershina, Valeria (30 November 2013). "Theoretical Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements". In Schädel, Matthias; Shaughnessy, Dawn (eds.).The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements(2nd ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 154.ISBN9783642374661.
  10. ↑Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981)."Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements".Journal of Physical Chemistry.85(9). American Chemical Society: 1177–1186.doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
  11. ↑Maiz Hadj Ahmed, H.; Zaoui, A.; Ferhat, M. (2017)."Revisiting the ground state phase stability of super-heavy element Flerovium".Cogent Physics.4(1).Bibcode:2017CogPh...4m8045M.doi:10.1080/23311940.2017.1380454.S2CID125920084.Retrieved26 November2018.
  12. ↑"Element 114 is Named Flerovium and Element 116 is Named Livermorium"(Press release).IUPAC.30 May 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 9 September 2012.Retrieved7 June2012.
  13. ↑Utyonkov, V.K.; et al. (2015).Synthesis of superheavy nuclei at limits of stability:239,240Pu +48Ca and249–251Cf +48Ca reactions(PDF).Super Heavy Nuclei International Symposium, Texas A & M University, College Station TX, USA, March 31 – April 02, 2015.
  14. ↑14.014.1Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; et al. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei284Fl and285Fl in the239,240Pu +48Ca reactions ".Physical Review C.92(3): 034609.Bibcode:2015PhRvC..92c4609U.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "284Fl" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑15.015.1Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; et al. (30 January 2018). "Neutron-deficient superheavy nuclei obtained in the240Pu+48Ca reaction ".Physical Review C.97(14320): 1–10.Bibcode:2018PhRvC..97a4320U.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014320.Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "PuCa2017" defined multiple times with different content
  16. ↑16.016.1Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Ibadullayev, D.; et al. (2022). "Investigation of48Ca-induced reactions with242Pu and238U targets at the JINR Superheavy Element Factory ".Physical Review C.106(024612).doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.024612.
  17. ↑17.017.1Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; et al. (2016). "Remarks on the Fission Barriers of SHN and Search for Element 120". In Peninozhkevich, Yu. E.; Sobolev, Yu. G. (eds.).Exotic Nuclei: EXON-2016 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei.Exotic Nuclei. pp. 155–164.ISBN9789813226555.Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "EXON" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑18.018.1Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; et al. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120".The European Physics Journal A.2016(52).Bibcode:2016EPJA...52..180H.doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4.Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Hofmann2016" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑19.019.1Kaji, Daiya; Morita, Kosuke; Morimoto, Kouji; Haba, Hiromitsu; et al. (2017). "Study of the Reaction48Ca +248Cm →296Lv* at RIKEN-GARIS ".Journal of the Physical Society of Japan.86:034201-1–7.Bibcode:2017JPSJ...86c4201K.doi:10.7566/JPSJ.86.034201.Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Kaji" defined multiple times with different content
  20. ↑ Utyonkov, V.K. | display-authors = etal (2015)Synthesis of superheavy nuclei at limits of stability:239,240Pu +48Ca and249–251Cf +48Ca reactions.Super Heavy Nuclei International Symposium, Texas A & M University, College Station TX, USA, March 31 – April 02, 2015
  21. ↑Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; et al. (October 1999)."Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei in the48Ca +244Pu Reaction ".Physical Review Letters.83(16): 3154–3157.Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.3154O.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3154.
  22. ↑Oganessian; et al. (July 1999). "Synthesis of nuclei of the superheavy element 114 in reactions induced by48Ca ".Nature.400(6741): 242–245.Bibcode:1999Natur.400..242O.doi:10.1038/22281.S2CID4399615.
  23. ↑"Element 114 is Named Flerovium and Element 116 is Named Livermorium".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-09-09.Retrieved2012-06-07.
  24. ↑Karpov, A. V.; Zagrebaev, V. I.; Palenzuela, Y. M.; et al. (2012)."Decay properties and stability of the heaviest elements"(PDF).International Journal of Modern Physics E.21(2): 1250013-1–1250013-20.Bibcode:2012IJMPE..2150013K.doi:10.1142/S0218301312500139.

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toFlerovium.
Periodic table
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
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