July 11
Appearance
July 11is the 192nd day of the year (193rd inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 173 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- 472- After being besieged inRomeby his owngenerals,Western Roman EmperorAnthemiusis captured inSaint Peter's Basilicaand put to death.
- 1174-Baldwin IV,aged 13, becomesKingofJerusalem,withRaymond III, Count of Tripolias regent andWilliam of Tyreaschancellor.
- 1302–Battle of the Golden Spurs(Dutch:Guldensporenslag) – theFlemishcities beat the king ofFrance.
- 1346–Charles IVofLuxembourgelected emperor of theHoly Roman Empire.
- 1405-Ming DynastyadmiralZheng Hesets sail to explore the world for the first time.
- 1502- TheCaribbeanislandofHispaniolais ravaged by ahurricane,killing 500 people.
- 1533- KingHenry VIII of Englandis excommunicated.
- 1576–Martin FrobishersightsGreenland.
- 1613-Mikhail Romanovis crowned asTsarofRussia.TheRomanovDynasty rulesRussiauntil TsarNicholas II of Russiais removed during theRussian Revolutionin1917.
- 1616–Samuel de Champlainreturns toQuebec.
- 1735- Dwarf planetPlutois inNeptune's orbit for the last time until1979.
- 1740–Jewsexpelled fromLittle Russia.
- 1750–Halifax, Nova Scotiaalmost completely destroyed by fire.
- 1776– CaptainJames Cookbegins third voyage.
- 1789-Jacques Neckeris dismissed as French finance minister, leading to the Storming of theBastillethree days later.
- 1796– TheU.S.takes possession ofDetroitfromGreat Britainunder terms of theJay Treaty.
- 1798– TheUnited States Marine Corpsis re-established; they had been disbanded after theAmerican Revolutionary War.
- 1801- FrenchastronomerJean-Louis Ponsmakes his firstcometdiscovery. He will later go on to discover another 36cometsover the following 27 years - more than any other person has discovered.
- 1804– In a duel, Vice PresidentAaron Burrkills Secretary of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton.
- 1810- Frederick Hasselborough sights the Sub-AntarcticMacquarie Island,named afterLachlan Macquarie,the ScottishGovernorofNew South Wales.It currently belongs toAustralia.
- 1811–ItalianscientistAmedeo Avogadropublishes his memoire about molecular content of gases.
- 1848– TheWaterloorailway station inLondonopens.
- 1859–A Tale Of Two CitiesbyCharles Dickensis published.
- 1864–Confederateforces attempt an invasion ofWashington, DC.
- 1889–Tijuana,Mexico,is founded.
- 1893– The first culturedpearlis obtained byKokichi Mikimoto.
- 1893- Arevolutionled bygeneralandpoliticianJose Santos Zelayatakes over state power inNicaragua.
- 1895– The brothersLumièreshowmoviefor scientists.
- 1897–Salomon August AndréeleavesSpitsbergento try to reach theNorth Polebyballoon.He later crashes and dies.
1901 – 2000
[change|change source]- 1914–Babe Ruthdebuts in major leaguebaseball.
- 1914- ThewarshipUSSNevada(BB-36) islaunched.
- 1919– Eight-hour working day and freeSundaymade into law in theNetherlands.
- 1921– Truce called in theIrish War of Independence;seeIrish calendar.
- 1921– FormerUS PresidentWilliam Howard Taftis sworn in as 10thChief Justiceof theUS Supreme Court,becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
- 1921–Mongoliabecomes independent (fromChina).
- 1930- AustraliancricketerDonald Bradmanscores a world-record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a test match againstEngland.
- 1934-Engelbert ZaschkaofGermanyflies his large human-poweredaircraft,the Zaschka Human-PowerAircraft,about 20 meters atBerlin Tempelhof Airportwith assisted take-off.
- 1936– TheTriborough BridgeinNew York Cityis opened to traffic.
- 1940– Vichy Regime formally established inFrance.(andHenri Philippe Pétainbecomes Prime Minister ofFrance).
- 1943–World War II:The Germans counter-attack onSicily,following the start of theAlliedinvasion of the island.
- 1944–Franklin D. Rooseveltsays he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States.
- 1950-Pakistanjoins theInternational Monetary Fundand the International Bank.
- 1955– The phraseIn God We Trustis added to all US currency.
- 1957- Prince Karim Hosseini becomes theAga Khan IV.
- 1960– The novelTo Kill a MockingbirdbyHarper Leeis published for the first time.
- 1960– Dahomey (nowBenin), Upper Volta (nowBurkina Faso), andNigerall gain independence.
- 1960- TheStateofKatangabreaks away from theDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
- 1962– First transatlanticsatellitetelevisiontransmission.
- 1962–Sovietcosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record.
- 1966- The1966 FIFA World CupinEnglandbegins.
- 1971–Coppermines inChileare nationalised by the government ofSalvador Allende.
- 1972- The first game of the 1972World Chess Championshipis played inReykjavik,Iceland,in whichBobby Fischerends up defeatingBoris SpasskyonSeptember 1.
- 1973– ABrazilianBoeing 707crashes nearParison approach toOrly Airport,resulting in the death of 122 people.
- 1975– Chinesearcheologistsdiscover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC.
- 1977–Martin Luther King, Jr.is posthumously rewarded theMedal of Freedom.
- 1978- Los Alfaques Disaster: Atruckcarryingliquidgascrashes and explodes at a coastal campsite inTarragona,Spain,killing 216 tourists.
- 1979– The space stationSkylabreturns toEarth.
- 1982– DefeatingWest Germany3–1 atSantiago Bernabéu stadium,Italywins the1982edition of theFootball World Cup.
- 1983– ABoeing 727crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike inCuenca,Ecuador,claiming 119 lives.
- 1987– According to theUnited Nations,the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark.
- 1991– ANigerianDC-8crashes while landing atJeddah,Saudi Arabiakilling 261
- 1991– Totalsolar eclipseinHawaii,Pacific Ocean,Mexicoand parts ofCentralandSouth America.
- 1995– Full diplomatic relations are established between theUnited StatesandVietnam.
- 1995–BosnianSerbs capture the Muslim city ofSrebrenica.Many inhabitants are murdered, beginning theSrebrenica Massacre,the biggest massacre inEuropesinceWorld War II.
- 1995– ACubana de AviacionAntonov AN-24 crashes into theCaribbeanoff southeastCubakilling 44.
From 2001
[change|change source]- 2006– A series of bomb attacks devastatesMumbai,India,killing 207 people.
- 2010–2010 FIFA World Cup:Spainwins theFIFA World Cupfor the first time, after a 1-0 extra time win over theNetherlands,who had also never won the World Cup before. The game was overshadowed by some violent tackling, and refereeHoward Webbgave out a record number of yellow cards for a World Cup final.
- 2010- Two suicidebombingsoccur inKampala,Uganda,killing 74 people.
- 2012-Astronomersannounce the discovery ofStyx,a moon ofPluto.
- 2013-Luxembourg'sgovernmentunderJean-Claude Junckeris brought down by a spy scandal.
- 2016-Theresa Mayis designated as leader of the BritishConservative PartyandPrime Minister of the United Kingdom(fromJuly 13) afterAndrea Leadsomwithdraws her candidacy. She succeedsDavid Cameronin both positions.
Births
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- 154-Bardaisan,Syrianastrologer, scholar andphilosopher(d.222)
- 1274– KingRobert I of Scotland,also known as "Robert the Bruce" (d.1329)
- 1366–Anne of Bohemia,Queen Consort ofEngland(d.1394)
- 1376- KingLadislaus II of Naples(d.1414)
- 1603-Kenelm Digby,English courtier anddiplomat(d.1665)
- 1628-Tokugawa Mitsukuni,Japanesedaimyo(d.1701)
- 1653-Sarah Good,American woman accused ofwitchcraft(d.1692)
- 1657– KingFrederick I of Prussia(d.1713)
- 1662-Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria(d.1726)
- 1667-Anna Maria de' Medici,Italianaristocrat(d.1743)
- 1709–Johan Gottschalk Wallerius,Swedishchemist(d.1785)
- 1723-Jean-François Marmontel,Frenchhistorianandauthor(d.1799)
- 1732-Jerome Lalande,Frenchastronomerandmathematician(d.1807)
- 1751-Caroline Matilda of Great Britain(d.1775)
- 1754-Thomas Bowdler,Englishphysician(d.1825)
- 1767–John Quincy Adams,6thPresident of the United States(d.1848)
- 1774-Robert Jameson,Scottish naturalist andmineralogist(d.1854)
- 1826-Alexander Afanasyev,Russianauthor(d.1871)
- 1832-Charilaos Trikoupis,55thPrime MinisterofGreece(d.1896)
- 1832-Carlos Holguin Mallarino,24thPresidentofColombia(d.1894)
- 1834-James Abbott McNeill Whistler,American painter (d.1903)
- 1846–Léon Bloy,French writer (d.1917)
- 1851-Millie and Christine McKoy,American conjoined twins (d.1912)
- 1857-David Prain,Scottishphysician(d.1944)
- 1866-Princess Irene of Hesse and By Rhine(d.1953)
- 1867-John J. Cornwell,American politician,GovernorofWest Virginia(d.1953)
- 1880-Friedrich Lahrs,Germanarchitect(d.1964)
- 1881-Isabel Martin Lewis,Americanastronomer(d.1955)
- 1882–James Larkin White,American, discovered theCarlsbad Caverns(d.1946)
- 1886-Boris Grigoriev,Russian painter (d.1939)
- 1888-Carl Schmitt,German jurist andphilosopher(d.1985)
- 1889-Eduard Heimann,German economic and social scientist (d.1967)
- 1890-John S. Battle,American politician,GovernorofVirginia(d.1972)
- 1892-Trafford Leigh-Mallory,EnglishRoyal Air Forceofficer (d.1944)
- 1892–Thomas Mitchell,American actor (d.1962)
- 1896-Ludwik Fleck,Polishphysicianandbiologist(d.1961)
- 1897-Gregorio Fuentes,Lanzarote-bornCubanfisherman (d.2002)
- 1899–E. B. White,American writer (d.1985)
- 1899-Wilfrid Israel,Anglo-German businessman and philanthropist (d.1943)
1901 – 1950
[change|change source]- 1902-Samuel Goudsmit,Dutch-Americanphysicist(d.1978)
- 1906–Herbert Wehner,German politician (d.1990)
- 1912-Sergiu Celibidache,Romanianconductorandcomposer(d.1996)
- 1916-Mortimer Caplin,American lawyer and educator (d.2019)
- 1916–Gough Whitlam,21stPrime Minister of Australia(d.2014)
- 1916–Alexander Prokhorov,Russianphysicist(d.2002)
- 1916–Reg Varney,English actor (d.2008)
- 1918-Venetia Burney,English girl who named the dwarf planetPluto(d.2009)
- 1920–Yul Brynner,Russian-born actor (d.1985)
- 1920-Zecharia Sitchin,Russian-American author (d.2010)
- 1921–Ilse Werner,Dutch-born actress (d.2005)
- 1922–Gene Evans,American actor (d.1998)
- 1923–Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa,Brazilianfootballer(d.2010)
- 1923-Richard Pipes,Polish-Americanhistorianand academic (d.2018)
- 1923-Tun Tun,Indianplayback singer,actressand comedienne (d.2003)
- 1924-Charlie Tully,Northern Irishfootballer(d.1971)
- 1924-Brett Somers,Canadian-Americanactressandsinger(d.2007)
- 1925-Sid Smith,Canadianice hockeyplayer (d.2004)
- 1927-Theodore Maiman,Americanphysicist(d.2007)
- 1928-Greville Janner,British politician (d.2015)
- 1929-David Kelly,Irish actor (d.2012)
- 1930-Harold Bloom,Americanauthorand critic
- 1930-Murphy J. Foster Jr.,American politician, formerGovernorofLouisiana(d.2020)
- 1931-John N. Dalton,American politician,GovernorofVirginia(d.1986)
- 1931-Dick Gray,Americanbaseballplayer (d.2013)
- 1931-Tab Hunter,American actor (d.2018)
- 1931-Tullio Regge,Italianphysicist(d.2014)
- 1932-Jean-Guy Talbot,Canadianice hockeyplayer and coach
- 1933-Frank Kelso,Americanadmiral(d.2013)
- 1933-A. J. Langguth,Americanhistorianandjournalist(d.2014)
- 1934–Giorgio Armani,Italian fashion designer
- 1935-Oliver Napier,Irish politician (d.2011)
- 1939-Seth Gaaikema,Dutchcomedianandwriter(d.2014)
- 1943–Rolf Stommelen,German racing driver (d.1983)
- 1943-Howard Gardner,Americanpsychologist
- 1943-Tom Holland,Americanactor,directorandscreenwriter
- 1943-Robert Malval,5thPrime MinisterofHaiti
- 1944-Lou Hudson,Americanbasketballplayer (d.2014)
- 1947-John Holt,Jamaicansinger (d.2014)
- 1950-Bonnie Pointer,American singer (The Pointer Sisters)
1951 – 1975
[change|change source]- 1951-Vyacheslav Anisin,Russianice hockeyplayer
- 1952-Stephen Lang,American actor
- 1952-Bill Barber,Canadianice hockeyplayer
- 1953–Leon Spinks,American boxer
- 1956-Robin Renucci,Frenchactoranddirector
- 1957-Johann Lamont,Scottish politician, leader of theScottish Labour Party
- 1957-Peter Oborne,Englishjournalist
- 1958-Hugo Sánchez,Mexicanfootballer
- 1959–Richie Sambora,American singer (Bon Jovi)
- 1959–Suzanne Vega,American singer
- 1961-Antony Jenkins,English businessman
- 1962-Pauline McLynn,Irish actress
- 1963-Lisa Rinna,American actress
- 1964-Kyril, Prince of Preslav
- 1966-Greg Grunberg,American actor
- 1966-Rod Strickland,Americanbasketballplayer
- 1966-Mick Molloy,Australianactor,screenwriterandproducer
- 1970-Justin Chambers,American actor
- 1970-Sajjad Karim,English politician
- 1971-Leisha Hailey,Japanese-Americansinger-songwriterandactress
- 1972–Jussi 69,Finnish musician
- 1972-Michael Rosenbaum,Americanactor,directorandproducer
- 1973-Andrew Bird,Americansinger-songwriterandviolinist
- 1973-Konstantinos Kenteris,Greek athlete
- 1974–Hermann Hreidarsson,Icelandicfootballer
- 1974–André Ooijer,Dutchfootballer
- 1975–Samer El Nahal,Finnish musician (Lordi)
- 1975–Lil' Kim,American rapper, singer and actress
- 1975-Choi Ji-woo,South Korean actress
- 1975–Nadya Suleman,American, famousmotherof octuplets
From 1976
[change|change source]- 1979–Eric Abidal,Frenchfootballer
- 1979-Im Soo-jung,South Korean actress
- 1980-Tyson Kidd,Canadian wrestler
- 1983-Marie Serneholt,Swedish singer
- 1984-Rachael Taylor,Australian actress
- 1984-Morné Steyn,South Africanrugbyplayer
- 1985-Robert Adamson,American actor
- 1985-Aki Maeda,Japaneseactressandsinger
- 1986-Ian Cathro,Scottish football manager
- 1986–Yoann Gourcuff,Frenchfootballer
- 1986-Jonathan Sexton,Irishrugbyplayer
- 1989-David Henrie,American actor
- 1990–Caroline Wozniacki,Danishtennisplayer
- 1990-Mona Barthel,Germantennisplayer
- 1990-Kelsey Sanders,Americanactressandsinger
- 1994-Lucas Ocampos,Argentinefootballer
- 1994-Nina Nesbitt,Scottish singer
- 1996-Alessia Cara,Canadian singer
- 1996-Tyler Medeiros,Canadiansinger-songwriterand dancer
Deaths
[change|change source]Up to 1900
[change|change source]- ca.155– PopePius I
- 472–Anthemius,Emperor of the Western Empire (legal murder)
- 937–Rudolph II of Burgundy(b.880)
- 969–Olga of Kiev(b.890)
- 1174-Amalric I of Jerusalem(b.1136)
- 1183-Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria(b.1117)
- 1302-Robert II, Count of Artois(b.1250)
- 1535-Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg(b.1484)
- 1553-Maurice, Elector of Saxony(b.1521)
- 1688– KingNaraiofSiam(b.1629)
- 1804–Alexander Hamilton,United StatesSecretary of the Treasury (duel) (b.1757)
- 1825-Thomas P. Grosvenor,American soldier and politician (b.1744)
- 1844-Yevgeny Baratynsky,Russianpoet(b.1800)
- 1879-William Allen,31stGovernorofOhio(b.1803)
1901 – 2000
[change|change source]- 1908-Friedrich Traun,Germantennisplayer (b.1876)
- 1909-Simon Newcomb,Canadian-Americanastronomerandmathematician(b.1835)
- 1916–Jon Olafsson,Icelandic editor, journalist andpoet(b.1850)
- 1920-Eugénie de Montijo,Spanish wife ofNapoleon III of France(b.1826)
- 1937–George Gershwin,American composer (b.1898)
- 1941-Arthur Evans,Englisharchaeologist(b.1851)
- 1957-Aga Khan III(b.1877)
- 1959–Charlie Parker,cricketer (b.1882)
- 1962-Owen D. Young,Americanlawyer,diplomat,industrialist and businessman (b.1874)
- 1966-Delmore Schwartz,Americanpoetandauthor(b.1913)
- 1967-Guy Favreau,Canadianlawyer,judgeandpolitician(b.1917)
- 1971–John W. Campbell,science fictionwriter and editor (b.1910)
- 1974–Pär Lagerkvist,Swedish writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1891)
- 1987-Avi Ran,Israelifootballer(b.1963)
- 1989– SirLaurence Olivier,English actor (b.1907)
- 1991–Hitoshi Igarashi,English-Japanese translator, ofThe Satanic Verses(b.1947)
- 1991-Mokhtar Dahari,Malaysianfootballer(b.1953)
- 1994–Gary Kildall,computer programmer (b.1942)
- 1995-Don Starr,American actor (b.1917)
- 1999–Helen Forrest,American jazz singer (b.1917)
- 2000–Robert Runcie,Archbishop of Canterbury(b.1921)
From 2001
[change|change source]- 2001–Herman Brood,singer and artist (suicide) (b.1946)
- 2003–Zahra Kazemi,Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b.1949)
- 2004–Laurance Rockefeller,American conservationist and philanthropist (b.1910)
- 2005–Gretchen Franklin,English actress (b.1911)
- 2007–Lady Bird Johnson,First Lady of the United States(b.1912)
- 2007–Alfonso Lopez Michelsen,32ndPresidentofColombia(b.1913)
- 2008–Michael DeBakey,American surgeon and inventor (b.1908)
- 2009–Arturo Gatti,Canadian boxer (b.1972)
- 2010–Bob Sheppard,American announcer (b.1910)
- 2011-Tom Gehrels,Dutch-Americanastronomer(b.1925)
- 2013-Zeb Alley,American politician (b.1928)
- 2013-Egbert Brieskorn,Germanmathematician(b.1936)
- 2014-Charlie Haden,Americanjazzmusician (b.1937)
- 2014-Tommy Ramone,Hungarian-American musician (b.1952)
- 2014-Howard Cooke,Governor-General ofJamaica(b.1915)
- 2014-John Seigenthaler,Americanjournalistandwriter(b.1927)
- 2014-Carin Mannheimer,Swedish writer (b.1934)
- 2014-Ray Lonnen,British actor (b.1940)
- 2014-Randall Stout,Americanarchitect(b.1958)
- 2015-Giacomo Biffi,Italiancardinal(b.1928)
- 2015-Satoru Iwata,JapanesePresidentandCEOofNintendo(b.1959)
- 2015-James U. Cross,American military pilot and author (b.1920)
- 2015-Hussein Fatal,Americanrapper(b.1977)
- 2016-John Brademas,American politician and educator (b.1927)
- 2016-Emma Cohen,Spanish actress (b.1946)
- 2016-Elaine Fantham,English classicist (b.1933)
- 2016-Corrado Farina,Italianmovie director,screenwriterandnovelist(b.1939)
- 2016-Jim Metzen,American politician (b.1943)
- 2017-Fikret Hakan,Turkish actor (b.1934)
- 2017-Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini,Italianmusicologistand composer (b.1929)
- 2017-Denis Mack Smith,British historian (b.1920)
- 2017-Buddy Wolfe,Americanprofessional wrestler(b.1941)
- 2018-Richard John Garcia,American Roman Catholic prelate (b.1947)
- 2018-Liu Zhenhua,Chinese general and politician (b.1921)
- 2018-Pat Swindall,American politician (b.1950)
- 2018-Abdelkhader Houamel,Algerian painter (b.1936)
- 2018-Mai Tai Sing,American actress and businesswoman (b.1923)
- 2019-Brendan Grace,Irish actor, comedian and singer (b.1951)
Observances
[change|change source]- Feast Day of SaintBenedict of Nursia
- Day of theFlemishCommunity inBelgium
- First Day of Naadam (Mongolia)
- National Day of Commemoration (Republic of Ireland)
- Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland)
- World Population Day