Mehmed II
| Mehmed II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kayser-i Rûm(Caesar of the Romans) TheSultanof Two Lands and theKhanof Two Seas[1] | |||||
 Portrait of Mehmed II byGentile Bellini, dating 1480 | |||||
| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire(Padishah) | |||||
| 1st reign | August 1444 – September 1446 | ||||
| Predecessor | Murad II | ||||
| Successor | Murad II | ||||
| 2nd reign | 3 February 1451 – 3 May 1481 | ||||
| Predecessor | Murad II | ||||
| Successor | Bayezid II | ||||
| Born | 30 March 1432 Edirne,Ottoman Empire | ||||
| Died | 3 May 1481(aged 49) Hünkârçayırı (Tekfurçayırı), nearGebze,Ottoman Empire | ||||
| Burial | Fatih Mosque,Istanbul,Turkey | ||||
| Consorts |
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| Issue |
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| Dynasty | Ottoman | ||||
| Father | Murad II | ||||
| Mother | Mila Despinović(biological) Mara Branković(adoptive) | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam[3][4] | ||||
| Tughra |  | ||||
Mehmed II(Ottoman Turkish:محمد ثانى,romanized:Meḥmed-i s̱ānī;Turkish:II. Mehmed,pronounced[icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed];30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known asMehmed the Conqueror(Ottoman Turkish:ابو الفتح,romanized:Ebū'l-fetḥ,lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish:Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was anOttoman sultanwho ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led byJohn Hunyadiafter theHungarianincursions into his country broke the conditions of thePeace of Szeged.When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, heconqueredConstantinople(modern-dayIstanbul) and brought an end to theByzantine Empire,permanently cementing its destruction.
After the conquest Mehmed claimed the titleCaesarof theRoman Empire(Ottoman Turkish:قیصر روم,romanized:Qayser-i Rûm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the survivingEastern Roman Empiresince its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I.[5]The claim was only recognized by thePatriarchate of Constantinople.Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as "continuing" the Empire rather than "replacing" it.
Mehmed continued his conquests inAnatoliawith its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west asBosnia.After conquering Constantinople and getting theByzantinesout of the way, he started making more conquests in theBalkansand focused on his Balkan campaigns, even unsuccessfully laying siege toBelgradein 1456 at one point. He was also known for his rivalry withVlad the Impaler,who grew up at his father's court alongside him.Vlad the Impalerhad taken control overWallachiaand rebelled against theOttoman Empire,thus Mehmed II sent an Ottoman army, resulting in a war between the two. The war ended when Vlad was killed by an Ottoman patrol in Wallachia. He was then beheaded with some saying his head was sent to Mehmed II himself at the capital cityConstantinople(modernIstanbul) by the Ottoman soldiers.[source?]He was also known for his campaigns against Albanian rebel leaderSkanderbeg.For most of his reign, Mehmed II was on campaign against eitherJohn Hunyadi,Vlad the ImpalerorSkanderbeg.Domestically, he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed Constantinople into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-dayTurkeyand parts of the widerMuslim world.[source?]Among other things, Istanbul'sFatihdistrict,Fatih Sultan Mehmet BridgeandFatih Mosqueare named after him.
Related pages
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]- ↑Cihan Yüksel Muslu (2014).The Ottomans and the Mamluks: Imperial Diplomacy and Warfare in the Islamic World.p. 118.
Mehmed presented himself to the world as The Sultan of two lands and the Khan of two seas
- ↑Gustav Bayerle (1997).Pashas, Begs, and Effendis: A Historical Dictionary of Titles and Terms in the Ottoman Empire.Isis Press. p. 150.
- ↑The Essential World History, Volume II: Since 1500.By William J. Duiker, Jackson J. Spielvogel
- ↑The Rise of Turkey: The Twenty-First Century's First Muslim Power.By Soner Cagaptay
- ↑Nicolle 2000,p. 85.
- Lord Kinross (1977).The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise And Fall Of The Turkish Empire.HarperCollins.ISBN0-688-08093-6.
Other websites
[change|change source]
- Biography page at OttomanOnlineArchived2010-12-13 at theWayback Machine
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