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List of current heads of state and government

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This page lists thecurrent heads of state and governmentsin the world. They areheads of stateandheads of government.

In some cases they are de facto leaders not occupying either of those positions orprime ministerswho are not heads of government. 196 states (193UNmembers + 2 UN observers + Taiwan) are the basic list.

Also there are leaders of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states, and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeeded governments that exercised power).

For local rulers, for example rulers ofdependenciesand of the main administrative divisions, such as autonomous regions,insularorpeninsularregions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) seeList of the main local rulers.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

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Colour key
  • Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer theexecutiveof their respective state/government.
  • Blue cells indicate non–ceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) orde factogovernment leaders whose offices lackde jureconstitutional power (e.g. Peru).
  • Note:Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at§ Notes.
    State Head of state Head of government
    Afghanistan EmirHibatullah Akhundzada
    Albania PresidentBajram Begaj Prime MinisterEdi Rama
    Algeria PresidentAbdelmadjid Tebboune Prime MinisterNadir Larbaoui
    Andorra Episcopal Co-PrinceJoan Enric Vives i Sicília
    Co-Prince's Representative –Josep Maria Mauri
    French Co-PrinceEmmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1]
    Co-Prince's Representative –Patrick Strzoda
    Head of GovernmentXavier Espot Zamora
    Angola PresidentJoão Lourenço
    Antigua and Barbuda KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– SirRodney Williams
    Prime MinisterGaston Browne
    Argentina PresidentJavier Milei
    Armenia PresidentVahagn Khachaturyan Prime MinisterNikol Pashinyan
    Australia KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-GeneralDavid Hurley
    Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese
    Austria PresidentAlexander Van der Bellen Federal ChancellorKarl Nehammer
    Azerbaijan PresidentIlham Aliyev Prime MinisterAli Asadov
    Bahamas KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameCynthia A. Pratt
    Prime MinisterPhilip Davis
    Bahrain King– SheikhHamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Prime Minister– PrinceSalman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
    Bangladesh PresidentShahabuddin Chuppu Chief AdviserMuhammad Yunus
    Barbados President– DameSandra Mason Prime MinisterMia Mottley
    Belarus PresidentAlexander Lukashenko Prime MinisterRoman Golovchenko
    Belgium KingPhilippe Prime MinisterAlexander De Croo
    Belize KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-GeneralFroyla Tzalam
    Prime MinisterJuan Briceño
    Benin PresidentPatrice Talon
    Bhutan KingJigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Prime MinisterTshering Tobgay
    Bolivia PresidentLuis Arce
    Bosnia and Herzegovina High RepresentativeChristian Schmidt
    Presidency[lower-greek 3] Chairman of the Council of MinistersBorjana Krišto
    Denis Bećirović(asChairman)
    Botswana PresidentMokgweetsi Masisi
    Brazil PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva
    Brunei SultanandPrime MinisterHassanal Bolkiah
    Bulgaria PresidentRumen Radev Prime MinisterDimitar Glavchev
    Burkina Faso PresidentIbrahim Traore Prime MinisterApollinaire de Tambèla
    Burundi PresidentÉvariste Ndayishimiye[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterGervais Ndirakobuca
    Cambodia KingNorodom Sihamoni Prime MinisterHun Manet
    Cameroon PresidentPaul Biya[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterJoseph Ngute
    Canada KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor GeneralMary Simon
    Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau
    Cape Verde PresidentJosé Maria Neves Prime MinisterUlisses Correia e Silva
    Central African Republic PresidentFaustin-Archange Touadéra[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterFélix Moloua
    Chad PresidentMahamat Idriss Déby Prime MinisterAllamaye Halina
    Chile PresidentGabriel Boric
    China General Secretary of the Communist PartyXi Jinping
    President– Xi Jinping Premier of the State CouncilLi Qiang
    Colombia PresidentGustavo Petro
    Comoros PresidentAzali Assoumani
    Congo, Democratic Republic of the PresidentFélix Tshisekedi Prime MinisterJudith Suminwa Tuluka
    Congo, Republic of the PresidentDenis Sassou Nguesso Prime MinisterAnatole Collinet Makosso
    Costa Rica PresidentRodrigo Chaves Robles
    Croatia PresidentZoran Milanović Prime MinisterAndrej Plenković
    Cuba First Secretary of the Communist PartyMiguel Díaz-Canel
    PresidentMiguel Díaz-Canel Prime MinisterManuel Marrero Cruz
    Cyprus PresidentNikos Christodoulides
    Czech Republic PresidentPetr Pavel Prime MinisterPetr Fiala
    Denmark KingFrederik X Prime MinisterMette Frederiksen
    Djibouti PresidentIsmaïl Omar Guelleh[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterAbdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
    Dominica PresidentSylvanie Burton Prime MinisterRoosevelt Skerrit
    Dominican Republic PresidentLuis Abinader
    East Timor PresidentJosé Ramos-Horta Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão
    Ecuador PresidentDaniel Noboa
    Egypt PresidentAbdel Fattah el-Sisi Prime MinisterMostafa Madbouly
    El Salvador PresidentNayib Bukele
    Equatorial Guinea PresidentTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterManuel Osa Nsue Nsua
    Eritrea Chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and JusticeIsaias Afwerki
    President– Isaias Afwerki
    Estonia PresidentAlar Karis Prime MinisterKristen Michal
    Eswatini KingMswati III Prime MinisterRussell Dlamini
    Ethiopia PresidentTaye Atske Selassie Prime MinisterAbiy Ahmed
    Fiji PresidentRatu Wiliame Katonivere Prime MinisterSitiveni Rabuka
    Finland PresidentSauli Niinistö Prime MinisterPetteri Orpo
    France PresidentEmmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1] Prime MinisterMichel Barnier
    Gabon Interim PresidentBrice Oligui[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterRaymond Ndong Sima
    Gambia, The PresidentAdama Barrow
    Georgia PresidentSalome Zourabichvili Prime MinisterIrakli Kobakhidze
    Germany PresidentFrank-Walter Steinmeier Federal ChancellorOlaf Scholz
    Ghana PresidentNana Akufo-Addo
    Greece PresidentKaterina Sakellaropoulou Prime MinisterKyriakos Mitsotakis
    Grenada KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameCécile La Grenade
    Prime MinisterDickon Mitchell
    Guatemala PresidentBernardo Arévalo
    Guinea PresidentMamady Doumbouya[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterBah Oury
    Guinea-Bissau PresidentUmaro Sissoco Embaló Prime MinisterRui Duarte de Barros
    Guyana PresidentIrfaan Ali[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterMark Phillips
    Haiti President of the Transitional Presidential CouncilLeslie Voltaire Prime MinisterGarry Conille
    Honduras PresidentXiomara Castro
    Hungary PresidentTamás Sulyok Prime MinisterViktor Orbán
    Iceland PresidentHalla Tómasdóttir Prime MinisterBjarni Benediktsson
    India PresidentDroupadi Murmu Prime MinisterNarendra Modi
    Indonesia PresidentPrabowo Subianto
    Iran Supreme LeaderAli Khamenei[lower-greek 5] PresidentMasoud Pezeshkian
    Iraq PresidentLatif Rashid Prime MinisterMohammed Shia' Al Sudani
    Ireland PresidentMichael D. Higgins TaoiseachSimon Harris
    Israel PresidentIsaac Herzog Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu
    Italy PresidentSergio Mattarella Prime MinisterGiorgia Meloni
    Ivory Coast PresidentAlassane Ouattara[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterRobert Beugré Mambé
    Jamaica KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– SirPatrick Allen
    Prime MinisterAndrew Holness
    Japan EmperorNaruhito[lower-greek 6] Prime MinisterShigeru Ishiba
    Jordan KingAbdullah II Prime MinisterJafar Hassan
    Kazakhstan Chairman of theSecurity CouncilQasym-Zhomart Toqaev
    PresidentQasym-Zhomart Toqaev Prime MinisterOljas Bektenov
    Kenya PresidentWilliam Ruto
    Kiribati PresidentTaneti Maamau
    Kuwait Emir– SheikhNawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister– SheikhAhmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah
    Kyrgyzstan PresidentSadyr Japarov Prime MinisterAkylbek Japarov
    Laos General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary PartyThongloun Sisoulith
    President– Thongloun Sisoulith Prime MinisterSonexay Siphandone
    Latvia PresidentEdgars Rinkēvičs Prime MinisterEvika Siliņa
    Lebanon Acting PresidentNajib Mikati Prime MinisterNajib Mikati
    Lesotho KingLetsie III Prime MinisterSam Matekane
    Liberia PresidentJoseph Boakai
    Libya Chairman of the Presidential CouncilMohamed al-Menfi
    Liechtenstein Prince RegnantHans-Adam II Head of GovernmentDaniel Risch
    Regent– Hereditary PrinceAlois
    Lithuania PresidentGitanas Nausėda Prime MinisterIngrida Šimonytė
    Luxembourg Grand DukeHenri Prime MinisterLuc Frieden
    Regent– Hereditary PrinceGuillaume
    Madagascar PresidentAndry Rajoelina Prime MinisterChristian Ntsay
    Malawi PresidentLazarus Chakwera
    Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan AgongIbrahim Iskandar Prime MinisterAnwar Ibrahim
    Maldives PresidentMohamed Muizzu
    Mali Interim PresidentAssimi Goïta Interim Prime MinisterChoguel Kokalla Maïga
    Malta PresidentGeorge Vella Prime MinisterRobert Abela
    Marshall Islands PresidentHilda Heine
    Mauritania PresidentMohamed Ould Ghazouani Prime MinisterMokhtar Ould Djay
    Mauritius PresidentPrithvirajsing Roopun Prime MinisterPravind Jugnauth
    Mexico PresidentClaudia Sheinbaum
    Federated States of Micronesia PresidentWesley Simina
    Moldova PresidentMaia Sandu Prime MinisterDorin Recean
    Monaco Sovereign PrinceAlbert II Minister of StateDidier Guillaume
    Mongolia PresidentUkhnaagiin Khürelsükh Prime MinisterLuvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
    Montenegro PresidentJakov Milatović Prime MinisterMilojko Spajić
    Morocco KingMohammed VI Head of GovernmentAziz Akhannouch
    Mozambique PresidentFilipe Nyusi[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterAdriano Maleiane
    Myanmar Chairman of the State Administrative CouncilMin Aung Hlaing Acting PresidentMyint Swe
    Namibia PresidentNangolo Mbumba[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterSaara Kuugongelwa
    Nauru PresidentDavid Adeang
    Nepal PresidentRam Chandra Poudel Prime MinisterKP Sharma Oli
    Netherlands KingWillem-Alexander Prime MinisterDick Schoof
    New Zealand KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameCindy Kiro[lower-greek 7]
    Prime MinisterChristopher Luxon
    Nicaragua PresidentDaniel Ortega
    Niger Interim PresidentOmar Tchiani Prime MinisterAli Lamine Zeine
    Nigeria PresidentBola Tinubu
    North Korea General Secretary of the Workers' Party of KoreaKim Jong-un
    Supreme Leader– Kim Jong-un[lower-greek 8]
    Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's AssemblyChoe Ryong-hae[lower-greek 9]
    Premier of the CabinetKim Tok-hun
    North Macedonia PresidentStevo Pendarovski President of the GovernmentHristijan Mickoski
    Norway KingHarald V Prime MinisterJonas Gahr Støre
    Oman SultanandPrime MinisterHaitham bin Tariq
    Pakistan PresidentAsif Ali Zardari Prime MinisterShehbaz Sharif
    Palau PresidentSurangel Whipps Jr.
    Palestine PresidentMahmoud Abbas Prime MinisterMohammad Mustafa
    Panama PresidentLaurentino Cortizo
    Papua New Guinea KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– SirBob Dadae
    Prime MinisterJames Marape
    Paraguay PresidentSantiago Peña
    Peru PresidentDina Boluarte[lower-greek 4] President of the Council of MinistersGustavo Adrianzén
    Philippines PresidentBongbong Marcos
    Poland PresidentAndrzej Duda President of the Council of MinistersDonald Tusk
    Portugal PresidentMarcelo Rebelo de Sousa Prime MinisterLuís Montenegro
    Qatar Emir– SheikhTamim bin Hamad Al Thani Prime Minister– SheikhMohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
    Romania PresidentKlaus Iohannis Prime MinisterMarcel Ciolacu
    Russia PresidentVladimir Putin Prime MinisterMikhail Mishustin
    Rwanda PresidentPaul Kagame[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterÉdouard Ngirente
    Saint Kitts and Nevis KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameMarcella Liburd
    Prime MinisterTerrance Drew
    Saint Lucia KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– SirErrol Charles
    Prime MinisterPhilip Pierre
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameSusan Dougan
    Prime MinisterRalph Gonsalves
    Samoa O le Ao o le MaloTuimalealiifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II Prime MinisterFiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
    San Marino Captain RegentDalibor Riccardi
    Captain RegentFrancesca Civerchia
    São Tomé and Príncipe PresidentCarlos Vila Nova Prime MinisterPatrice Trovoada
    Saudi Arabia KingSalman[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterMohammad bin Salman
    Senegal PresidentBassirou Diomaye Faye Prime MinisterOusmane Sonko
    Serbia PresidentAleksandar Vučić Prime MinisterMiloš Vučević
    Seychelles PresidentWavel Ramkalawan
    Sierra Leone PresidentJulius Maada Bio[lower-greek 4] Chief MinisterDavid Moinina Sengeh
    Singapore PresidentTharman Shanmugaratnam Prime MinisterLawrence Wong
    Slovakia PresidentZuzana Čaputová Prime MinisterRobert Fico
    Slovenia PresidentNataša Pirc Musar Prime MinisterRobert Golob
    Solomon Islands KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-GeneralDavid Tiva Kapu
    Prime MinisterJeremiah Manele
    Somalia PresidentHassan Mohamud Prime MinisterHamza Abdi Barre
    South Africa PresidentCyril Ramaphosa
    South Korea PresidentYoon Suk-yeol[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterHan Duck-soo
    South Sudan PresidentSalva Kiir Mayardit
    Spain KingFelipe VI President of the GovernmentPedro Sánchez
    Sri Lanka PresidentAnura Kumara Dissanayake Prime MinisterHarini Amarasuriya
    Sudan Leader of the Sovereignty CouncilAbdel Fattah al-Burhan Prime MinisterOsman Hussein
    Suriname PresidentChan Santokhi
    Sweden KingCarl XVI Gustaf Prime MinisterUlf Kristersson
    Switzerland
    Viola Amherd(asPresident)
    Syria PresidentBashar al-Assad Prime MinisterMohammad Ghazi al-Jalali
    Tajikistan PresidentEmomali Rahmon[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterKokhir Rasulzoda
    Tanzania PresidentSamia Suluhu Hassan[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterKassim Majaliwa
    Thailand King– MahaVajiralongkorn Prime MinisterPaetongtarn Shinawatra
    Togo PresidentFaure Gnassingbé[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterVictoire Tomegah Dogbé
    Tonga KingTupou VI Prime MinisterSiaosi Sovaleni
    Trinidad and Tobago PresidentChristine Kangaloo Prime MinisterKeith Rowley
    Tunisia PresidentKaïs Saïed Prime MinisterKamel Madouri
    Turkey PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdoğan
    Turkmenistan PresidentSerdar Berdimuhamedow
    Tuvalu KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– SirTofiga Vaevalu Falani
    Prime MinisterFeleti Teo
    Uganda PresidentYoweri Museveni[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterRobinah Nabbanja
    Ukraine PresidentVolodymyr Zelensky Prime MinisterDenys Shmyhal
    United Arab Emirates President– SheikhMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Prime Minister– SheikhMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
    United Kingdom KingCharles III[lower-greek 2] Prime MinisterKeir Starmer
    United States PresidentJoe Biden
    Uruguay PresidentLuis Lacalle Pou
    Uzbekistan PresidentShavkat Mirziyoyev[lower-greek 4] Prime MinisterAbdulla Aripov
    Vanuatu PresidentNikenike Vurobaravu Prime MinisterCharlot Salwai
    Vatican City SovereignPope Francis President of the Governorate– CardinalFernando Vérgez Alzaga
    Venezuela PresidentNicolás Maduro[lower-greek 11]
    Vietnam General Secretary of the Communist PartyTô Lâm
    PresidentLương Cường Prime MinisterPhạm Minh Chính
    Yemen PresidentRashad al-Alimi Prime MinisterAhmad Awad bin Mubarak
    Zambia PresidentHakainde Hichilema
    Zimbabwe PresidentEmmerson Mnangagwa

    Other states

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    The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

    State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
    Abkhazia Georgia PresidentAslan Bzhania Prime MinisterAlexander Ankvab
    Republic of China(Taiwan) People's Republic of China PresidentTsai Ing-wen President of the Executive YuanChen Chien-jen
    Cook Islands New Zealand[lower-greek 12] KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    King's RepresentativeTom Marsters
    Prime MinisterMark Brown
    Kosovo Serbia PresidentVjosa Osmani Prime MinisterAlbin Kurti
    Niue New Zealand[lower-greek 12] KingCharles III[lower-greek 2]
    Governor-General– DameCindy Kiro[lower-greek 7]
    PremierDalton Tagelagi
    Northern Cyprus Cyprus PresidentErsin Tatar Prime MinisterÜnal Üstel
    Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Morocco General Secretary of the Polisario FrontBrahim Ghali
    President– Brahim Ghali Prime MinisterBouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
    South Ossetia Georgia PresidentAlan Gagloyev Prime MinisterKonstantin Dzhussoyev

    The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

    State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
    Artsakh Azerbaijan PresidentSamvel Shahramanyan
    Somaliland Somalia PresidentMuse Bihi Abdi
    Transnistria Moldova PresidentVadim Krasnoselsky Prime MinisterAleksandr Rozenberg

    Other governments

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    These alternative governments are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member.

    Government State Head of state Head of government
    Coordination Council Belarus President-electSviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
    House of Representatives Libya President of the House of RepresentativesAguila Saleh Issa Prime MinisterOsama Hamada
    National Assembly Venezuela President of the National AssemblyJuan Guaidó
    National League for Democracy Myanmar PresidentWin Myint[lower-greek 4] State CounsellorAung San Suu Kyi
    Supreme Political Council Yemen President of the Supreme Political CouncilMahdi al-Mashat Prime MinisterAbdel-Aziz bin Habtour
    Syrian oppositionSyrian Interim Government Syria PresidentSalem al-Meslet Prime MinisterAbdurrahman Mustafa

    Other entities

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    Entity Head of entity Head of government
    Sovereign Military Order of Malta Prince and Grand MasterJohn T. Dunlap Grand ChancellorRiccardo Paternò di Montecupo
    1. 1.01.1ThePresident of Franceand the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
    2. 2.002.012.022.032.042.052.062.072.082.092.102.112.122.132.142.152.16Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as theCommonwealth realms.In each of these states (except theUnited Kingdom,where he lives), he is represented at the national level by agovernor-general.
    3. The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
    4. 4.004.014.024.034.044.054.064.074.084.094.104.114.124.134.144.154.164.174.184.194.204.21In this state, thepresidentis both head of state and head of government; the office ofprime ministermay exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Myanma/BurmeseState Counsellor,the PeruvianPresident of the Council of Ministers,the Saudi ArabianFirst Deputy Prime Minister,or the Sierra LeoneanChief Minister.
    5. According to articles 89 to 91 of theConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran,the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. However, the President is still required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
    6. In actuality theconstitution of Japandoes not define a formalhead of state.TheEmperorby unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.
    7. 7.07.1The Governor-General of New Zealand and theGovernor-General of Niueare positions held by the same person.
    8. The term "Supreme Leader"is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
    9. The President (otherwise known as Chairman) of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The president has held these duties since 1998, when theconstitutionwas revised.
    10. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in aprimus inter parescapacity for one year.
    11. The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed betweenNicolás Maduroand thePresident of the National Assembly of Venezuela,Juan Guaidó,since 11 January 2019. See also theOther governmentssection of this list article.
    12. 12.012.1States infree associationwith New Zealand.