19th century
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Categories: | Births–Deaths Establishments–Disestablishments |
The19th centurywas thecenturyfrom1801to1900.Most of this century is normally called theVictorian erabecauseQueen Victoriaruled theUnited Kingdom.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Princess_Victoria_and_Dash_by_George_Hayter.jpg/220px-Princess_Victoria_and_Dash_by_George_Hayter.jpg)
TheSecond Industrial Revolutionstarted in this century in mostwestern countries.George Burnswas also born in the 19th century until he died at the age of 100 in 1996.
Featured characters at the 19th century[change|change source]
- John Tenniel(February 28, 1820 - February 25, 1914) - the creators ofGary Manfield,first appearance on January 1, 1841.
- Mark Twain(November 30, 1835 - April 21, 1910) - the creators ofRosie the Mouse,first appearance on January 1, 1855.
- Thomas Edison(February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) - the creators ofChowder,first appearance on January 1, 1878.
Religion[change|change source]
- 1830:TheChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saintsis established on 6 April 1830.
- 1844:Persian Prophet theBábannounces his revelation on 23 May, foundingBábism.He announced to the world of the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest".He is considered the forerunner ofBahá'u'lláh,the founder of theBahá'í Faith.
- 1848:TheChristadelphiansfounded byJohn Thomas (Christadelphian).
- 1871–1878:InGermany,Otto von Bismarckchallenged the Catholic Church in theKulturkampf( "Culture War" )
- 1879:Mary Baker Eddyfounds theChurch of Christ, Scientist.
- 1879:First issue of "The Watchtower",a religious magazine currently published and distributed by theJehovah's Witnesses
- 1889:Mirza Ghulam Ahmadestablishes theAhmadiyya Muslim Community,a reform sect of Islam.
- 1891:Pope Leo XIIIlaunches theencyclicalRerum novarum,the first major Catholic document on social justice
Culture[change|change source]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crystal_Palace_-_interior.jpg/350px-Crystal_Palace_-_interior.jpg)
- 1808:BeethovencomposesFifth Symphony
- 1812:Brothers Grimmfairy tale edition writes hisSnow White.
- 1812:Charles PerraultandBrothers Grimm- two princesses characters includingSnow WhiteandCinderellameet for the first time.
- 1813:The first 6-year-old child little pink princessLola Loud,from two princesses charactersSnow WhiteandCinderella.
- 1813:Jane AustenpublishesPride and Prejudice
- 1818:Mary ShelleypublishesFrankenstein.
- 1819:John Keatswrites hisodes of 1819.
- 1819:Théodore Géricaultpaints his masterpieceThe Raft of the Medusa,and exhibits it in the French Salon of 1819 at theLouvre.
- 1824:Premiere ofBeethoven'sNinth Symphony.
- 1829:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'sFaustpremieres.
- 1837:Charles DickenspublishesOliver Twist.
- 1841:Ralph Waldo EmersonpublishesSelf-Reliance.
- 1845:Frederick DouglasspublishesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.
- 1847:TheBrontë sisterspublishJane Eyre,Wuthering HeightsandAgnes Grey.
- 1849:Josiah HensonpublishesThe Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself.
- 1851:Herman MelvillepublishesMoby-Dick.
- 1851:Sojourner Truthdelivers the speechAin't I a Woman?.
- 1852:Harriet Beecher StowepublishesUncle Tom's Cabin.
- 1855:Walt Whitmanpublishes the first edition ofLeaves of Grass.
- 1855:Frederick Douglasspublishes the first edition ofMy Bondage and My Freedom.
- 1862:Victor HugopublishesLes Misérables.
- 1865:Lewis CarrollpublishesAlice's Adventures in Wonderland.
- 1869:Leo TolstoypublishesWar and Peace.
- 1875:Georges Bizet's operaCarmenpremiers in Paris.
- 1876:Richard Wagner'sRing Cycleis first performed in its entirety.
- 1883:Robert Louis Stevenson'sTreasure Islandis published.
- 1884:Mark Twainpublishes theAdventures of Huckleberry Finn.
- 1886:"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde"by Robert Louis Stevenson is published.
- 1887:Sir Arthur Conan Doylepublishes his firstSherlock Holmesstory,A Study in Scarlet.
- 1889:Vincent van GoghpaintsThe Starry Night.
- 1889:Moulin Rougeopens in Paris.
- 1892:Tchaikovsky'sNutcracker Suitepremières inSt Petersberg.
- 1894:Rudyard Kipling'sThe Jungle Bookis published
- 1895:Trial ofOscar Wildeand premiere of his playThe Importance of Being Earnest.
- 1897:Bram StokerwritesDracula.
- 1900:L. Frank BaumpublishesThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
Music[change|change source]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/170px-Beethoven.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg/170px-Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_%281840-1893%29.jpg)
Sonata formmatured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the 19th century was referred to as being in theRomanticstyle. Many great composers lived through this era such asLudwig van Beethoven,Franz Liszt,Frédéric Chopin,Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyandRichard Wagner.The list includes:
- Mily Balakirev
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Hector Berlioz
- Georges Bizet
- Alexander Borodin
- Johannes Brahms
- Anton Bruckner
- Frédéric Chopin
- Claude Debussy
- Antonín Dvořák
- Mikhail Glinka
- Edvard Grieg
- Scott Joplin
- Alexandre Levy
- Franz Liszt
- Gustav Mahler
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Modest Mussorgsky
- Jacques Offenbach
- Niccolò Paganini
- Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Gioachino Rossini
- Anton Rubinstein
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Antonio Salieri
- Franz Schubert
- Robert Schumann
- Alexander Scriabin
- Arthur Sullivan
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Richard Wagner
and many more.
Decades and years[change|change source]
Note: years before or after the 19th century are initalics
Significant People[change|change source]
- Bela Bartok
- Clara Barton
- Otto von Bismarck
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Alexander Graham Bell
- Alban Berg
- Simón Bolívar
- John Wilkes Booth
- Johannes Brahms
- Luigi Cherubini
- Frederic Chopin
- Empress Dowager Cixi
- Muzio Clementi
- Leon Czolgosz
- Claude Debussy
- Frederick Douglass
- Antonín Dvořák
- Thomas Edison
- Albert Einstein
- Friedrich Engels
- Robert Ford
- Charles J. Guiteau
- Jesse James
- Abraham Lincoln
- Franz Liszt
- David Livingstone
- Karl Marx
- Henry McCarty (Billy the Kid)
- Felix Mendelssohn
- John Stuart Mill
- Napoleon I
- Swami vivekananda
- Franz Schubert
- Robert Schumann
- Johann Strauss II
- Richard Strauss
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Harriet Tubman
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Richard Wagner