Ancient Olympic Games

TheAncient Olympic Gameswere a series ofathleticcompetitionsheld between thecity-statesofAncient Greece.They used to be called theOlympic Games(Greek:Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες;Olympiakoi Agones) until the modern dayOlympic Gamesstarted. The Ancient Olympic Games began in 776BCinOlympia,Greece. Prizes at the games wereolivewreaths,palmbranches andwoollenribbons. The ancient Olympics were played in the honour of the GodZeus.

There is no agreement on when the Games officially ended, but manyhistoriansthink it is 393AD,when theChristianRoman emperorTheodosius Ideclared that allPaganreligious practices should end.Another date might be 426 AD, when the next emperorTheodosius IIordered the destruction of all Greek temples.The stadium in Olympia got buried bylandslidesand othernatural disasters.After the Olympics stopped, they were not held again until the modern Olympic Games were started in 1896 inAthens.

Women were not allowed to compete, or even watch most events. According toPausanias,any woman found on the site had to be thrown off the rock of Typhaion.This only applied to married women (gunaikes), the only exception was the priestess of Demeter.Unmarried women were allowed as spectators. It seems that only one woman was ever found, Kallipateira, a widow, who disguised as the person training her son. She was found when she jumped into the air when her son won.She was spared the fate, but to avoid this happening again, all people competing, and the people training them had to be naked. Nevertheless, unmarried women attending as spectators was improbable.

An exception to this were theequestrianevents. Women were allowed to enter horses. Those contorolling the horses or chariots still had to be male. The chariot races also saw the first woman to win an Olympic event. The winner was deemed to be the wealthy benefactor or trainer that funded the team rather than those controlling the chariot (who could only be male). This allowed for horse trainer andSpartanprincessCyniscato be the first female Olympic victor.

Because the winner was the benefactor, it was also possible for a particularly wealthy person to improve their odds by bringing multiple teams to the races. According toPlutarch,the record belongs toAlcibiades,who brought seven chariots to a single competition, winning the first, second, and either the third or fourth place at once.

In 67, the Roman EmperorNerocompeted in the chariot race atOlympia.He was thrown from his chariot and was thus unable to finish the race. Nevertheless, he was declared the winner on the basis that he would have won if he had finished the race.

Famous athletes

The Bases of Zanes were paid for by fines taken from people who cheated at the Games

Here are athletes that competed at the Games:

• fromAthens:
  • Aurelios Zopyros(Junior bo xing )
• from Sparta:
  • Acanthus of Sparta(Running: diaulos)
  • Chionis of Sparta(Running: stadium, diaulos. Long andTriple Jump)
  • Cynisca of Sparta(first woman to be listed as an Olympic victor)
• fromRhodes:
  • Diagoras of Rhodes(Bo xing 79th Olympiad, 464 BCE) and his sons Akusilaos and Damagetos (Bo xing andPankration)
  • Leonidas of Rhodes(Running: stadium, diaulos and hoplitodromos)
• fromCroton:
  • Astylos of Croton(Running: stadium, diaulos and hoplitodromos)
  • Milo of Croton(wrestling)
  • Timasitheos of Croton (wrestling)
• from other cities:
  • Koroibos of Elis(Stadion)
  • OrsippusofMegara(Runner: diaulos)
  • Theagenes of Thasos(Pankration)
• non-Greek:
  • Tiberius(steerer of a four-horse chariot)
  • Nero(steerer of a ten-horse chariot)
  • Varastades,Prince and future King ofArmenia,(last known Ancient Olympic victor (bo xing ) during the 291st Olympic Games in the fourth century.

Related pages

• Olympic Games

Other websites

• The Ancient Olympic Games Virtual Museum (requires registration)Archived2004-06-02 at theWayback Machine
• Ancient Olympics(General and detailed information)
• The Ancient Olympics(A special exhibit)
• The Real Story of the Ancient Olympic GamesArchived2008-05-01 at theWayback Machine
• The Origin of the Olympics
• The Original Olympic Movement Since 776 B.C.
• List of Macedonian Olympic winners (in Greek)Archived2004-05-17 atArchive.today
• Webquest The ancient and modern Olympic GamesArchived2012-06-18 at theWayback Machine