Beaver

Beaver Temporal range: LateMiocene– Recent
North American beaver(Castor canadensis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Castoridae
Subfamily:	Castorinae
Genus:	Castor Linnaeus,1758
Species
C. canadensis– North American beaver C. fiber– Eurasian beaver †C. californicus †C. praefiber †C. neglectus
Range of the living beavers as of 2016 (including introducedC. canadensispopulations in Europe and Patagonia, but missingC. fiberpopulations in Mongolia and northwestern China, as well as reintroduced populations in the United Kingdom)

Abeaveris largerodent.It issemi-aquatic:some of the time it lives inwater,some of the time it lives on land. Beavers are only found inNorth AmericaandEurope.InGreat Britain,for example, they have been deliberately re-introduced. In Europe, they almost died off, but they are returning. There are beavers living in theElbeandRhonerivers,as well as inBavaria,PolandandScandinavia.Beavers are known for building and keepingdamsinrivers.

Their dams slow down rivers and reduce erosion. Thewetlandsthey create benefit many other species. Special arrangements are needed to letsalmonand othermigratoryfish pass the dams to spawn.

Kinds of beavers

There are two differentspeciesof beaver, the American beaver (C. canadensis) and the European beaver (C. fiber).

The American beaver

This beaver is inNorth America,inCanada,theUnited Statesand in NorthernMexico.It is the second largest rodent in the world, and the largest found in North America. The largest rodent of the world is thecapybarainSouth America.

The European beaver

The European beaver is currently an endangered species. It was hunted almost to extinction. This was done because of itsfur,and because ofcastoreum.Castoreum is made by agland,which is also responsible for the smell of the animal.It is used as atincturein someperfumes

People are currently (2007) reintroducing the beaver, because the important role of the beaver for the ecology of rivers was discovered.Beaver dams (or the small lakes that form) provide a habitat for many species.

Beaver fur

Early visitors that met Native Americans saw them wearing animal skin blankets. The fur on these blankets were good forfelting.The Europeans wanted felthats,and the Native Americans wanted metal: so, fur trading began.

Beaver was the most popular fur for hats. At that time in North America, there were about sixty million beavers. Only the soft inside fur was used forfelting.The best time for collecting the beaver's fur was winter, when the fur was thickest. It was also a good time to hunt, since the beaver stayed close to its home in the winter and was easy to catch. Thefur tradegave money to the European traders. The Indians who caught the beavers got the metal tools and other high technology items they wanted, until the beavers were mostly gone.

Images

• 
  An American Beaver
• 
  Beavers chopped down this tree
• 
  Beaver dam nearUshuaia,Tierra del Fuego,Argentina

References

• MacDonald & Cook (2000).Castor canadensis.2006IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.IUCN2006. Retrieved on May 12, 2006.
• "Castor canadensis".Integrated Taxonomic Information System.March 18, 2006.

Other websites

• Ecology of the BeaverArchived2020-02-17 at theWayback Machine
• Canadian Heritage - the beaver as a national symbolArchived2007-04-30 at theWayback Machine
• The romance of the beaver;being the history of the beaver in the western hemisphere, by A. Radclyffe Dugmore. Illustrated with photographs from life and drawings by the author. Publisher: Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott company; London, W. Heinemann 1914(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries)