Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia Československo Česko‑Slovensko[a] | |||||||||||||||
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1918–1939 1945–1992 1939–1945:Government-in-exile | |||||||||||||||
Motto:‘Pravda vítězí/ Pravda víťazí’(Czech /Slovak,1918–1990) ’Veritas vincit’(Latin,1990–1992) ’Truth prevails’ | |||||||||||||||
Anthem:’Kde domov můj’(Czech) ’Where is my home’ ’Nad Tatrou sa blýska’(Slovak) ’Lightning Over the Tatras’ | |||||||||||||||
Capital | Prague(Praha) 50°05′N14°25′E/ 50.083°N 14.417°E | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Czech·Slovak·German·Hungarian·Yiddish·Rusyn | ||||||||||||||
Demonym(s) | Czechoslovak | ||||||||||||||
Government | First Czechoslovak Republic(1918–1938) Second Czechoslovak Republic(1938–1939) Third Czechoslovak Republic(1945–1948) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic(1948–1990) Czech and Slovak Federative Republic(1990–1992) | ||||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||||
• 1918–1935 | Tomáš G. Masaryk | ||||||||||||||
•1935–1938·1945–1948 | Edvard Beneš | ||||||||||||||
• 1938–1939 | Emil Hácha | ||||||||||||||
• 1948–1953 | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||||||||
• 1953–1957 | Antonín Zápotocký | ||||||||||||||
• 1957–1968 | Antonín Novotný | ||||||||||||||
• 1968–1975 | Ludvík Svoboda | ||||||||||||||
• 1976–1989 | Gustáv Husák | ||||||||||||||
• 1989–1992 | Václav Havel | ||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||
• 1918–1919(first) | Karel Kramář | ||||||||||||||
• 1992(last) | Jan Stráský | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | 20th century | ||||||||||||||
• Independence | 28 October 1918 | ||||||||||||||
1939 | |||||||||||||||
• Liberation | 9 May 1945 | ||||||||||||||
25 February 1948 | |||||||||||||||
November–December 1989 | |||||||||||||||
31 December 1992 | |||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1921 | 13,607,385 | ||||||||||||||
• 1992 | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||||||
Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Czech Republic Slovakia Ukraine ∟Zakarpattia Oblast |
CzechoslovakiaorCzecho-Slovakia[1]was a country inEurope.It split off fromAustria-Hungaryin 1918 and split apart in 1993.
In mid-1938Nazi Germanytook over Czechoslovakia and split offSlovakia.Sudetenlandwas annexed by Germany, other parts of Czechia became itsprotectoratenamed Bohemia and Moravia. AfterWorld War IItheUSSRliberated these lands and keptZakarpattiabecause of theUkrainian(Rusyn) majority in that region.
By 1948 pro-Soviet communists got the power finally and declared the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It was a member ofWarsaw Treaty OrganizationandCOMECON,one of the richest countries of theEastern Bloc.In thePrague Springof the late 1960s, Czechoslovak leaderAlexander Dubcekpursued his own policy of a ‘socialism with a human face’. In 1968 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia to restore the old system.
In 1989 Czechoslovakia peacefully changed its political system in theVelvet Revolution.On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia split into theCzech RepublicandSlovakia.The countries separated in peace.
Official names
[change|change source]- 1918–1920:Republic of Czechoslovakia(abbreviated RČS)/Czecho-Slovak State,[2]or Czecho-Slovakia/Czechoslovakia
- 1920–1938:Czechoslovak Republic(ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1938–1939:Czecho-Slovak Republic,or Czecho-Slovakia
- 1945–1960:Czechoslovak Republic(ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1960–1990:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic(ČSSR), or Czechoslovakia
- April 1990:Czechoslovak Federative Republic(Czech version) and Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic (Slovak version)
- The country subsequently became theCzech and Slovak Federative Republic,ČSFR, or Československo (Czech version) and Česko-Slovensko (Slovak version).
Notes
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]- ↑"THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS".
- ↑Votruba, Martin."Czecho-Slovakia or Czechoslovakia".Slovak Studies Program.University of Pittsburgh. Archived fromthe originalon 15 October 2013.Retrieved29 March2009.