Emperor Kanmu
| Kanmu | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Japan | |
 | |
| Reign | 781-806 |
| Predecessor | Kōnin |
| Successor | Heizei |
| Born | 735 |
| Died | 5 February 806(aged 70) |
| Burial | Kashiwabara no misasagi(Kyoto) |
Emperor Kanmu(Hoàn võ thiên hoàng,Kanmu-tennō,737-806),also written asKammu,was the 50themperorofJapan,[1]according to thetraditional order of succession.[2]Hisreignstarted in 781 and ended in 806.[3]
Kanmu was the first monarch of theHeian periodof thehistory of Japan.
Traditional history
[change|change source]Before he became the monarch, this prince'spersonal name(imina) was Yamabe(Sơn bộ).[4]
Prince Yamabe was the eldest son of Prince Shirakabe (later known asEmperor Kōnin).[5]According to theShoku Nihongi(続 Nhật Bản kỷ),Yamabe's mother was a descendant ofKing Muryeong of Baekje.[6]
Kanmu had 16 empresses and consorts, and 32 imperial sons and daughters.[4]Among his sons wereEmperor Heizei,Emperor SagaandEmperor Junna.
Events of Kanmu's life
[change|change source]Before he became the monarch, he wasCrown Princefor eight years.
During his reign, Kanmu tried to simplify thehierarchyand the functions of his government.
Thecapital of Japanwas moved fromNara(Heijō-kyō) toNagaoka(Nagaoka-kyō) in 784.[7]The capital would be moved again in 794 toKyoto(Heian-kyō).[8]
Kanmu namedSakanoue no Tamuramaro(758-811) to lead a military expedition against theEmishi.[9]
Timeline
[change|change source]- 737(Tenpyō9): Prince Yamabe was born.[4]
- 773(Hōki4): Yamabe received the title ofCrown Prince.[10]
- 30 April 781(Ten'ō1, 3rd day of the 4th month): In the 11th year of Emperor Kōnin's reign, heabdicated.Thesuccession(senso) wasreceivedby his son.[11]Soon after, Emperor Kanmu accepted themonarch'srole and duties and powers (sokui).[5]This wasconfirmedinceremonies.[12]
- 794(Enryaku13): When the capital was moved to Kyoto, the emperor's new home was named "Palace of Peace/Tranquility"(Bình an cung,Heian no Miya).[4]
- 17 November 794(Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month): The emperor traveled by carriage to the new capital. He moved in a grandparade.[8]This marks the beginning of theHeian periodin Japanese history.
- 806(Enryaku 25): Kammu died at the age of 70.[13]
After his death
[change|change source]According to theImperial Household Agency,themausoleum(misasagi) of Kammu is in Kyoto. The emperor is traditionallyveneratedat amemorialShintoshrineat this location.[1]
Eras of reign
[change|change source]The years of Kammu's reign are identified by more than oneera name(nengō).[3]
Related pages
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]
- ↑1.01.1Imperial Household Agency(Kunaichō),Hoàn võ thiên hoàng (50);retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ↑Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).The Imperial House of Japan,pp. 61–62.
- ↑3.03.1Klaproth, Julius von (1834).Nipon o dai itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon.Oriental Translation Fund. pp. 86–95.
- ↑4.04.14.24.3Jien; Delmer Myers Brown, Ichirō Ishida (1979).Ngu quản sao: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219.University of California Press. p. 277.ISBN978-0-520-03460-0.
- ↑5.05.1Klaproth, Julius von (1834).Nipon o dai itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon.Oriental Translation Fund. p. 86.
- ↑Watts, Jonathan."The emperor's new roots: The Japanese emperor has finally laid to rest rumors that he has Korean blood, by admitting that it is true,"The Guardian(London). 28 December 2001; retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ↑Jien; Delmer Myers Brown, Ichirō Ishida (1979).Ngu quản sao: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219.University of California Press. p. 278.ISBN978-0-520-03460-0.
- ↑8.08.1Jien; Delmer Myers Brown, Ichirō Ishida (1979).Ngu quản sao: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219.University of California Press. p. 279.ISBN978-0-520-03460-0.
- ↑Klaproth, Julius von (1834).Nipon o dai itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon.Oriental Translation Fund. pp. 91–92.
- ↑Jien; Delmer Myers Brown, Ichirō Ishida (1979).Ngu quản sao: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219.University of California Press. p. 34.ISBN978-0-520-03460-0.
- ↑Klaproth, Julius von (1834).Nipon o dai itsi ran: ou Annales des empereurs du Japon.Oriental Translation Fund. pp. 85–86.
- ↑Varley, p. 44; a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.CompareImperial Household Agency(Kunaichō),Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei);retrieved 2011-12-23.
- ↑Varley, p. 150.
Other websites
[change|change source]
Media related toEmperor Kanmuat Wikimedia Commons
| Preceded by Emperor Kōnin |
Emperor of Japan Kammu 781–806 |
Succeeded by Emperor Heizei |