Fibre
Afibre(also spelled asfiber) is a piece of material which is long, thin and flexible, like a length ofthread.Plant fibres are the basis offabricsuch ascotton.Silkandwoolfibres come from animals. In the 20th century many artificial fibres wereinventedlikenylonandpolyester.
They are very important in the structure ofplantsandanimals,because they holdtissuestogether.
There are many uses for fibres. They can bespun togetherintofilaments,thread,stringorrope.They can bewoveninfabricor incomposite materials
Natural fibre
[change|change source]Natural fibers include those made byplants,animals,and geological processes.[1]They can be classified according to where they came from:
- Vegetable fibersare based on arrangements ofcellulose,often withlignin.Examples includecotton,hemp,jute,flax,abaca,piña,ramie,sisal,bagasse,andbanana.Plant fibers are used to makepaperandtextile(cloth). It is also used asdietary fiber.
- Wood fiberis fiber that gotten fromtrees.They includegroundwood,lacebark,thermomechanical pulp(TMP), and bleached or unbleachedkraftor sulfite pulps.
- Animal fibersmainly consist ofproteins.Examples aresilkwormsilk,spider silk,sinew,catgut,wool,sea silkandhair.
- Mineral fibersinclude theasbestosgroup. Asbestos is the only long mineral fiber that can be found innature.Six minerals have been classified as "asbestos". They includechrysotile,amosite,crocidolite,tremolite,anthophylliteandactinolite.Short, fiber-like minerals includewollastoniteandpalygorskite.
- Biological fibers also known asfibrous proteinsorprotein filamentsconsist of biologically important proteins,mutationsor other genetic defects can lead to severediseases.For example, thecollagenfamily ofproteins,tendon,muscle proteinslikeactin,cell proteins likemicrotubulesand many others, spider silk, sinew and hair etc.
Man-made fiber
[change|change source]Man-made are fibers that are changed by man. Man-made fibers consist of regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers.
Semi-synthetic fiber
[change|change source]Semi-synthetic fibers are made fromraw materialswith natural long-chainpolymerstructures.They are only changed and partiallydegradedby chemical processes. The first semi-synthetic fiber israyon.Most semi-synthetic fibers arecellulose regenerated fibers.[2]
Cellulose regenerated fibers
[change|change source]Cellulose fibersare a type of man-made fibers, regenerated from naturalcellulose.The cellulose comes from many sources: rayon comes fromtreewood fiber,bamboo fibercomes frombamboo,seacellcomes fromseaweed,etc.
Some examples of this type of fiber are:
Synthetic fiber
[change|change source]Synthetic fibers come from synthetic materials such aspetrochemicals.
Metallic fibers
[change|change source]Metallic fibers can be gotten fromductilemetalssuch ascopper,goldorsilverandextrudedordepositedfrom more brittle ones, such asnickel,aluminumoriron.
Carbon fiber
[change|change source]Carbon fibersare fibers that are mostly made up ofcarbonatoms.Carbon fibers are often based onoxidizingcarbonizedpolymersthroughpyrolysislikePAN.
Silicon carbide fiber
[change|change source]Insilicon carbidefibers the basicpolymersare nothydrocarbonsbut polymers. About 50% of thecarbonatoms are replaced bysiliconatoms.
Fiberglass
[change|change source]Fiberglassare also man-made fibers that come from natural raw materials. It is made from a specific typeglass,andoptical fiber,which is made from purified naturalquartz.
Polymer fibers
[change|change source]- Polymer fibers are a type of man-made fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals. These fibers are made from:
- Polyamidenylon
- PET or PBTpolyester
- Phenol-formaldehyde (PF)
- Polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC)vinyon
- Polyolefins (PP and PE)olefin fiber
- Acrylic polyesters
- Aromatic polyamids (aramids)
- Polyethylene(PE), eventually with extremely long chains /HMPE
- Elastomerscan even be used
- Polyurethanefiber
- Elastolefin
Related pages
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]- ↑Kadolph, Sara J. (2001).Textiles.Langford, Anna. (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.ISBN0-13-025443-6.OCLC45136560.
- ↑Kauffman, George B. (1993)."Rayon: The first semi-synthetic fiber product".Journal of Chemical Education.70(11): 887.doi:10.1021/ed070p887.ISSN0021-9584.