Guangzhou
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Guangzhou(simplified Chinese:Quảng Châu;traditional Chinese:Quảng Châu;Cantonese pronunciation:[kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ̂u]or[kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ́u](
listen);Mandarin pronunciation:[kwàŋ.ʈʂóu](listen)) is the capital ofGuangdong Provinceof southernChina.Historically, it was known to Westerners as Canton, which is amisnomer,or a mistake in naming, since the name is an older English pronunciation for the entire region that the city is in,Guangdong.It is also called the City of Flowers. It is in the south of China and is one of the five biggest cities in China. In mainland China, Guangzhou is regarded as one of the three most popular cities withBeijingandShanghai,which is called Bei-Shang-Guang for short. It is where the 16thAsian Gameswere held and it is famous for its food all over the world.
Geography
[change|change source]Guangzhou is the core city of South China. It is on the north ofZhu Jiang Delta(Pearl River Delta), where theDong Jiang River(East River),Xi Jiang River(West River) andBei Jiang River(North River) join together. On its South is theSouth China Sea.With its geographical advantages, Guangzhou has been a very important port in South China for hundreds of years. Today, it is the biggest and most important port for air, sea, and trains in China. The area of Guangzhou is about 7,434.4 km2(2,870.4 sq mi). The north part and middle part of Guangzhou are hills. The west part and south part are plains that have a lot of rivers and streams. Guangzhou is in thesubtropicsmonsoonclimateregion. It has a lot of sunshine and rain. The average temperature is from 21.4 to 21.9 °C (about 71 °F) and the lowest temperature in winter is about 10 °C (50 °F). The rainy season lasts for almost six months and the typhoons in summer also bring lots of rain. The average humidity is about 77 percent.
Guangzhou hasBaiyun Airport,which is one of the three most important parts of air transportation in the country. The passenger throughput ranks third in China and 19th in the world. It is also a very important harbor in China, second toShenzheninSouth Chinaand the fourth one in the country. With theJing-Guang Railway,Jing-Jiu Railway,Guang-Shen Railwayand other railways, Guangzhou has become one of the four biggest railway passenger stations in China. A high speed railway has been built here.
Economy
[change|change source]Guangzhou has been the city famous for business for hundreds of years. It has been open to the world for nearly 2000 years. After theReform and Opening Upin 1979, Guangzhou has gained great economic achievement. For example, Guangzhou's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) has grown about 14% per year. It ranks as the third economic city in China (not includingHong Kong,TaiwanandMacao). In addition, Guangzhou has become a city with a sound industrial foundation and developed tertiary-industry. In September of 1993, Guangzhou was accepted as a member of theWorld Association of Metropolises.
The most important elements of Guangzhou’s economy are light manufacturing sector and foreign trade. They are the main reasons for Guangzhou’s economic achievement and its attraction to appeal people from all over the world to begin their own business in this city. Every year, theChina Import and Export Commodities Fair(Guangzhou Fair) is held here. It has the biggest conference and exhibition center,Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center,in Asia. After 2000, Guangzhou began to change its industrial structure and increase its investment in the heavy manufacturing sector. Nowadays, the automobile industry, petrochemical industry, and the IT industry have been the three mainstay industries in Guangzhou.
Culture and Education
[change|change source]Guangzhou is a typical city forLingnan Culture.The main characters of Lingnan Culture are open-mindedness, practical spirit and civilian consciousness. People here don’t adhere to traditional rules. They combine culture from different parts in the world with the local culture and are creating new culture to adjust to the modern world. This is very different from theCenter Plains Culturein the north part of China. Guangzhou has its own opera,Guangdong Opera,and its own language,Cantonese.InGuangzhou Metro,you can hear the announcement for station not only in Chinese and English, but also in Cantonese. Besides,sotto porticois the typical construction for Lingnan Culture. A flowers market held everySpring Festivalis famous around South China.
The education in Guangzhou began in the Western Han Dynasty. Now, Guangzhou is one of the cities with the most colleges and universities in the South China. It is one of the cities which has the most education resource in the country. The best comprehensive university here isSun Yat-sen University.It is a university built in memory ofSun Yat-sen,who led theXinhai Revolutionand is regarded as the father of China.