Hereford Cathedral

Hereford Cathedralis achurchin the town ofHereford.The present building was started in 1079. Before that there were two other cathedrals.^[1]It is the seat of theBishopof Hereford.

The most famous treasure in Hereford Cathedral is theMappa Mundi,amediæval mapof the world dating from the 13th century. The cathedral is a Grade Ilisted building.

The building of the cathedral

The first Hereford Cathedral was a stone building from the 7th century. After about 200 years it was changed, but then it was burnt down in 1056 byWelshandIrishsoldiers. The rebuilding started in 1079 and it was finished around 1140.

Many changes have been made since that time. The cathedral originally hadNorman architecture,but not much of that has survived. By the end of the 13th century most of it had been changed. The changes continued in the 14th century when the central tower was rebuilt. Many other parts were added, the last big change was the adding of the main north entrance finished in 1535. This was mostly the cathedral we see today.

Today’s cathedral

TheNormancolumns and arches of thenavehave some decorations. They are original, done in the early 12th century. In the south aisle of the nave there are twotombsdating from the 14th century tombs. They are for members of theclergybut we do not know who they are. There is a tomb for Sir Richard Pembridge who was aKnight of the Garter.

There is a modernrood screen,a big lantern, and a reredos (a screen or decoration behind the altar). The Lady Chapel has lancet windows (tall, narrow windows) and lots of ornaments. There is a bit of ancient ironwork in the tomb of Bishop Booth who had the porch built There is also a large Normanfont.The north transept was built in theDecorated Gothic.It has the shrine of St. Thomas of Hereford. The north window has some beautiful 19th centurystained glass.

The tomb of the shrine of Bishop Cantilupe is built of Purbeckmarble.The south transept may be the oldest part of the cathedral. The choir (the part of the cathedral where thechoirsit), has many beautiful features. There is a reredos which representsJesuson thecross.Two pointed arches show Christ withangelsand the fourevangelists.There is also a very strange, old Episcopal chair.

Music

Theorganwas built in 1892 byHenry Willis.It is one of the best organs he made. Organists of the past includeJohn BullandSamuel Sebastian Wesley.Today the organist is Geraint Bowen. There has been a choir at Hereford Cathedral from at least as far back as the 13th century. Hereford Cathedral is one of the three cathedrals which house theThree Choirs Festival.In the tower there are 10 bells. They are often called the "Grand Old Lady".

Special treasures

The famous HerefordMappa Mundi(Map of the World) dates from the13th century.It is the largest (except for one) map from that period drawn on a single sheet ofvellum.It was ignored for many years, then in 1855 it was cleaned and repaired at theBritish Museum.It shows the world as round, with theoceanall around it. It was nearly sold in the 1980s, but money was found to build a library where it could be hung. This is where it is now.

Another famous document is one of only four copies ofMagna Cartato survive. It is kept very carefully, and sometimes shown to the public in the library next to the Mappa Mundi.