Psychiatric hospital

Francisco de Goya(1746-1828),Casa de Locos(House of Fools) shows how fools were treated before specialized treatment was available.

TheNarrenturminVienna(translates to fools' tower) was the first specialised building to lodge mentally ill patients. It was built in 1784. It is amuseumof medical history today.

Apsychiatric hospitalis a place wherementally illpeople are kept so they can be treated.

Doctorswho work at psychiatric hospitals are calledpsychiatrists.On some occasions people choose to be in a psychiatric hospital due to their emotional or physical health, though sometimes psychiatrists can put people in hospitals who do not want to be there, because they think the people are dangerous to themselves or other people. Ahalfway houseor group home is a place for patients who have left the psychiatric hospital and are slowly being released intosociety.

History

Psychiatric hospitals used to be calledlunaticasylums. Earlier asylums like the oldBethlem Royal Hospitalin London (nicknamed "Bedlam" ) were likeprisons.Patients received no treatment and were often imprisoned and chained.Philippe Pinelgot rid of the chains in his lunatic asylum when he took over. In the 19th century, new asylums were built. These were designed to be pleasant places with gardens and airy rooms, and later became known as psychiatric hospitals. Although they no longer looked like prisons, patients still had little freedom or hope of leaving. The terminstitutionalisationmeans when someone has lived in a hospital (or some other place like a prison) for so long that they cannot cope with living outside of it.

In the middle of the 20th century, new drugs were invented that made it easier to treat mental illness. Governments began to look for ways to care for patients outside of hospitals. They believed it would lead to better care for patients and save money. This is known asdeinstitutionalisation.Since the 1970s, many countries have closed large numbers of psychiatric hospitals. Mentally ill patients are now also cared for in localhospitals,small clinics and in their own homes.