San Francisco
San Francisco | |
|---|---|
| City and County of San Francisco | |
Golden Gate Bridgeand San Francisco skyline as seen from theMarin Headlands | |
 Seal | |
| Nicknames: | |
| Motto(s): | |
| Anthem: Official song:Theme fromSan Francisco( "open your Golden Gate" ) Official ballad: "I Left My Heart in San Francisco"[2][3] | |
 Interactive map outlining San Francisco | |
  San Francisco Location within California  San Francisco Location within the United States | |
| Coordinates:37°46′39″N122°24′59″W/ 37.77750°N 122.41639°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | San Francisco |
| Metro | San Francisco–Oakland–Hayward |
| CSA | San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland |
| Mission | June 29, 1776[4] |
| Incorporated | December 16, 1848[5] |
| Founded by | Juan Bautista de Anza José Joaquín Moraga Francisco Palóu |
| Named for | St. Francis of Assisi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Strong mayor–council |
| • Body | Board of Supervisors |
| •Mayor | London Breed(D)[6] |
| •Supervisors[10] | List |
| •Assembly members[11][12] | Matt Haney(D) Phil Ting(D) |
| •State senator | Scott Wiener(D)[7] |
| •United States Representatives | Nancy Pelosi(D)[8] Kevin Mullin(D)[9] |
| Area | |
| • City and county | 231.89 sq mi (600.59 km2) |
| • Land | 46.9 sq mi (121.48 km2) |
| • Water | 184.99 sq mi (479.11 km2) 80.00% |
| • Metro | 3,524.4 sq mi (9,128 km2) |
| Elevation | 52 ft (16 m) |
| Highest elevation | 934 ft (285 m) |
| Lowest elevation [15](Pacific Ocean) | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Population | |
| • City and county | 873,965 |
| • Estimate (2022)[16] | 808,437 |
| • Rank | 39thin North America 17thin the United States 4thin California |
| • Density | 18,634.65/sq mi (7,194.88/km2) |
| •Urban | 3,515,933 (US:14th) |
| • Urban density | 6,843.0/sq mi (2,642.1/km2) |
| •Metro | 4,566,961 (US:13th) |
| •CSA | 9,225,160 (US:5th) |
| Demonym | San Franciscan[20] |
| GDP | |
| • City and county | $252.2 billion (2022) |
| •Metro | $729.1 billion (2022) |
| •CSA | $1.318 trillion (2022) |
| Time zone | UTC–08:00(PST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC–07:00(PDT) |
| ZIP Codes[22] | List
|
| Area codes | 415/628[23] |
| FIPS code | 06-67000 |
| GNISfeature IDs | 277593,2411786 |
| Website | sf.gov |
| |
San Franciscois acityin the state ofCaliforniain theUnited States.It is in the northern part of California, between thePacific OceanandSan Francisco Bay.With 873,965 people in 2020, San Francisco is the 4th largest city in California and the 17th largest city in the United States. It is theeconomicandculturalcenter of theSan Francisco Bay Area,ametropolitan areawith over 7 million people. The city is famous for theGolden Gate Bridge,steep hills, uniquearchitecture,and its largeLGBTQ+population.
Spanish explorers created San Francisco in 1776. They called it "Yerba Buena", which is Spanish for "Good Herb", because a lot of mint grew there.[24]After theMexican-American War,the United States took over Yerba Buena. In 1848 its name was changed to "San Francisco". It became a city in 1850. San Francisco was a center of theBeat Generationin the 1950s and theHippiemovement in the 1960s. Today, it is a center ofsocialand politicalliberalism.
When theCalifornia Gold Rushstarted in 1848, San Francisco'sportbecame very important.Immigrantscame by sea from around the world. DuringWorld War II,the city was a center of warindustries.[25]In the 1990s, theeconomybecame focused oninternetcompanies and otherhigh tech.Many of the world's largest companies have their main offices in San Francisco, such asWells Fargo,Salesforce,Uber,Airbnb,Twitter,Levi's,Gap,Dropbox,andLyft.[26][27]The city has among the highest averageincomesand highest housing costs in the United States.
Geography
[change|change source]San Francisco is at the north end of theSan Francisco Peninsula.The Pacific Ocean is to its west, and the San Francisco Bay is to its east. TheGolden Gate,astraitthat connects the ocean and the bay, is to its north. The cities ofDaly CityandBrisbane,inSan Mateo County,are to its south. It has a total land area of 46.9 square miles, or 121 square kilometers.
Severalislandsare part of the city:Alcatraz,Treasure Island,andYerba Buena Islandin the bay, and theFarallon Islandsin the ocean. The Farallon Islands are a protectednature reserve.Only scientists can visit them.
Climate
[change|change source]San Francisco has a warm-summerMediterranean climate(Csbin theKöppen climate classification). The record high temperature is 41.1 °C (106 °F) on September 1, 2017. The record low temperature is -4.4 °C (24 °F) on December 9, 1972.
| Climate data for San Francisco (1981-2010, Sun 1961-1974, Extremes 1874-) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
41.1 (106.0) |
38.9 (102.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
41.1 (106.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
16.6 (61.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
11.6 (52.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.4 (50.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
— | 6.7 (44.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 114.3 (4.50) |
113.3 (4.46) |
82.8 (3.26) |
37.1 (1.46) |
17.8 (0.70) |
4.1 (0.16) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.5 (0.06) |
5.3 (0.21) |
28.4 (1.12) |
80.3 (3.16) |
115.8 (4.56) |
600.7 (23.65) |
| Average rainy days | 11.7 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 73.0 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 185.9 | 207.7 | 269.1 | 309.3 | 325.1 | 311.4 | 313.3 | 287.4 | 271.4 | 247.1 | 173.4 | 160.6 | 3,061.7 |
| Source 1: NOAA[28][29] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Intellicast[30] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[change|change source]2020 census
[change|change source]In the 2020census,there were 873,965 people, 371,851households,and 172,912 families living in San Francisco. Thepopulation densitywas 18,629.1 people per square mile (7,192.7/km²). There were 406,628 housing units. The breakdown byracewas 41.3%White,33.9%Asian,5.3%Black,0.7%Native American,0.4%Pacific Islander,8.4% from one other race, and 9.9% from two or more races.HispanicsandLatinosmade up 15.6% of the people.
Themedian(middle) age was 38.2 years. The age breakdown was 13.0% under age 18, 70.8% from 18 to 65, and 16.3% over 65. The gender breakdown was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.
Of the households, 18.6% had children under age 18, 33.8% had a married couple, 9.1% had an unmarried couple, 29.7% had a woman with no partner, 27.3% had a man with no partner, and 36.2% had one person living alone. The average household size was 2.28 people.[31][32]
Government and politics
[change|change source]San Francisco is officially called theCity and County of San Francisco.It is the only city in California that is also acounty.It is acharter city,which means it can choose its own system of government.
San Francisco has amayorand aboard of supervisors.The city is divided into 11 districts. Each districtelectsone supervisor to the board. Half of them are elected every two years. They serve as supervisor for four years after the election. The mayor is elected every four years. Elections for mayor and supervisors useinstant-runoff voting.[33]
Since 1960, San Francisco has voted for theDemocraticcandidate in every presidential election. Since 2004, the Democratic candidate has won more than 80% of the votes in each election. Every mayor since 1964 has been a Democrat.
Transport
[change|change source]Public transport
[change|change source]The city of San Francisco has apublic transportsystem calledSan Francisco Municipal Railway,orMunifor short. It operateslight railtrains, calledMuni Metro;buses;streetcars;andcable cars.The cable cars are the oldest and the most famous.
Bay Area Rapid Transit,orBART,operates onerapid transittrain line through San Francisco. It carries people south to San Mateo County and to San Francisco International Airport and east, then south under the bay, towardsOaklandandSan Jose.
Caltrainoperates one train line. It goes from San Francisco south to San Mateo andSanta ClaraCounties.
Ferriestravel across the bay from San Francisco toMarin County,Vallejo,Richmond,Oakland,Alameda,andSouth San Francisco.
Roads and bridges
[change|change source]TheBay Bridgeconnects San Francisco to Oakland. It is made of two separate bridges. Treasure Island and Yerba Buena Island are between them. The bridge carriesInterstate 80.
TheGolden Gate Bridgeconnects San Francisco to Marin County in the north. It carriesU.S. Route 101andCalifornia State Route 1.
U.S. Route 101 enters San Francisco from the south. The southern part is afreeway.Interstate 80 then branches off to the east and goes to the Bay Bridge. The next part of U.S. Route 101 is on city streets: Van Ness Avenue, then Lombard Street, then Richardson Avenue. It becomes a freeway again and travels to the Golden Gate Bridge.
Interstate 280enters San Francisco from the southwest. It travels northwest, then ends before the Bay Bridge.
State Route 1 branches off from Interstate 280 in southwest San Francisco. It travels north as 19th Avenue. It crosses Golden Gate Park, and then becomes Park Presidio Boulevard. It merges with U.S. Route 101 before the Golden Gate Bridge.
Airports
[change|change source]The main airport for San Francisco isSan Francisco International Airport(SFO). The city owns this airport, but the airport is south of the city in San Mateo County.Oakland International Airport(OAK) is also near the city.San Jose International Airport(SJC) is somewhat farther away.
Notable people
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]- ↑Garling, Caleb (June 30, 2013)."Don't Call It Frisco: The History of San Francisco's Nicknames".The Bold Italic.RetrievedJune 18,2016.
- ↑"San Francisco's Official Songs".Museum of San Francisco.RetrievedJune 17,2020.
- ↑'Be it resolved: The official song of the City and County of San Francisco is, and shall remain, "San Francisco." Be it further resolved that henceforth: "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" shall be the official ballad.' San Francisco Administrative Code — Steven Short,KALWPublic Media, May 10, 2021, "San Francisco's Two Official Songs Or, The Day Tony Bennett Hid In His Hotel"[1]
- ↑Edward F. O'Day (October 1926)."The Founding of San Francisco".San Francisco Water.Spring Valley Water Authority. Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2010.RetrievedFebruary 14,2009.
- ↑"San Francisco: Government".SFGov.org. Archived fromthe originalon March 16, 2012.RetrievedMarch 8,2012.
San Francisco was incorporated as a City on April 15th, 1850 by act of the Legislature.
- ↑"Office of the Mayor: Home".City & County of San Francisco. Archived fromthe originalon October 24, 2009.RetrievedJuly 11,2018.
- ↑"Statewide Database".UC Regents. Archived fromthe originalon February 1, 2015.RetrievedNovember 21,2014.
- ↑"California's 11th Congressional District".GovTrack.RetrievedJanuary 8,2023.
- ↑"California's 15th Congressional District".GovTrack.RetrievedJanuary 8,2023.
- ↑"Board of Supervisors".City and County of San Francisco.RetrievedJanuary 28,2017.
- ↑"Communities of Interest – City".California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived fromthe originalon October 23, 2015.RetrievedSeptember 23,2014.
- ↑"Members Assembly".California State Assembly.RetrievedSeptember 23,2014.
- ↑"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJuly 1,2020.
- ↑"San Francisco".Geographic Names Information System.United States Geological Survey.
- ↑15.015.1"Elevations and Distances in the United States".US Geological Survey. April 29, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon November 9, 2013.RetrievedOctober 29,2014.
- ↑16.016.1"QuickFacts: San Francisco city, California".census.gov.United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 14,2024.
- ↑"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas".census.gov.United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 8,2023.
- ↑"Personal Income by County, Metro, and Other Areas".United States Bureau of Economic Analysis.RetrievedDecember 8,2022.
- ↑"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020–2021".United States Census Bureau.February 24, 2022.RetrievedAugust 13,2022.
- ↑Massara, Graph (February 20, 2018)."If you're from SF, you're a 'San Franciscan.' But what if you're from Fremont? Berkeley? Livermore?".SFGATE.San Francisco.RetrievedJuly 29,2023.
- ↑"Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area".fred.stlouisfed.org.
- ↑"ZIP Codes for City of San Francisco, CA".2010 United States census.2010. Archived fromthe originalon October 30, 2020.RetrievedMarch 14,2021– via Zip-Codes.
- ↑"NPA City Report".North American Numbering Plan Administration. Archived fromthe originalon November 4, 2014.RetrievedNovember 5,2014.
- ↑"Yerba Buena Renamed San Francisco - 1847".sfmuseum.org.
- ↑"Port of San Francisco".World Port Source.Archived fromthe originalon April 27, 2023.RetrievedApril 27,2023.
- ↑San Francisco Chronicle Editorial Board (August 21, 2022)."Downtown San Francisco is dying. This bill could help save it".San Francisco Chronicle.RetrievedAugust 22,2022.
- ↑"Companies ranked by Market Cap - CompaniesMarketCap".companiesmarketcap.Retrieved2022-06-18.
- ↑"Error 403 is HTTP_FORBIDDEN Redirect Page".
- ↑"National Weather Service - NWS San Francisco/Monterey Bay Area".Archived fromthe originalon 2006-10-07.
- ↑"Intellicast - Weather Underground".wunderground.
- ↑"DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJuly 16,2024.
- ↑"P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJuly 16,2024.
- ↑"When First Choice Is Second Best".City Journal.Retrieved2023-05-10.
Other websites
[change|change source]
Media related toSan Franciscoat Wikimedia Commons- San Francisco HotelsArchived2008-03-24 at theWayback Machine
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