San Marino

For other uses, seeSan Marino (disambiguation).

Republic of San Marino Repubblica di San Marino(Italian)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:"Libertas"(Latin) "Freedom"
Anthem:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica "National Anthem of the Republic"
Location ofSan Marino(green) on theEuropean continent(agate grey) — [Legend]
Capital	San Marino 43°56′N12°26′E
Largest settlement	Dogana 43°58′52.57″N12°29′22.2″E
Official languages	Italian
Religion	97%Catholicism 3% Other
Demonym(s)	Sammarinese
Government	Unitaryassembly-independentdiarchicdirectorial republic
•Captains Regent	Francesca Civerchia Dalibor Riccardi
•Foreign Minister	Luca Beccari
Legislature	Grand and General Council
Independence
• fromRoman Empire	3 September 301
•Constitution	8 October 1600 (statutes)
Area
• Total	61.2 km2(23.6 sq mi)(190th)
• Water (%)	0
Population
• 2020 estimate	34,232(221st)
• Density	520/km2(1,346.8/sq mi) (23rd)
GDP(PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$2.09 billion(175th)
• Per capita	$60,651(11th)
GDP(nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$1.55 billion(174th)
• Per capita	$44,947(13th)
HDI(2013)	0.875 very high·26th
Currency	Euro(€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+01(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02(CEST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+378(+39 0549 calling via Italy)
ISO 3166 code	SM
Internet TLD	.sm
By tradition. List of countries by Human Development Index#UN member states (latest UNDP data).
Sources:

San Marino(officially called theMost Serene Republic of San Marino) is a country inEurope.It is one of the smallestcountriesin the world. It is inSouthern Europeand is fully surrounded byItaly(this is called anenclave,and only theVatican City,Lesothoand San Marino are like this). Fewer than 30,000 people live there. Its total area is 61 km².Its capital is theCity of San Marino.

San Marino is the world's oldestrepublicthat still exists. It was started on3 SeptemberA.D.301by a skilled builder called Saint Marinus. Its writtenconstitutionwasadoptedon October 8, 1600. The very small nation was recognized byNapoleon's France in 1797, and by the other European nations at the 1815Congress of Vienna.

Even though it is an independent country, it depends very much on Italy. Since the 19th century, when Italy was unified, San Marino has been fully surrounded byItaly.

The biggestindustryin San Marino istourism.Sellingpostage stampsis an important source of income, too. San Marino is not a member of theEuropean Union,but theeurois used in San Marino.

People in San Marino speak theItalian language.Most people in San Marino believe inRoman Catholicism.

History

Saint Marinus left the island of Rab (todayCroatia) with his lifelong friend Leo, and went to the city ofRiminito work as astonemason.After the Persecution of Diocletianus following his Christian sermons, he escaped to the nearbyMonte Titano.There he built a small church and founded what is now the city and state of San Marino.

The official founding date is 3 September 301 AD.In 1320 the community of Chiesanuova chose to join the country. In 1463 San Marino extended with the communities of Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, and Serravalle. Since then there have been no changes in the country's borders.

In 1503,Cesare Borgiaoccupied the Republic for six months. It remained like that untilPope Julius IIintervened and restored the country's independence.

Geography

View of a place calledBorgo Maggiore

Monte Titano

San Marino is covered by theApenninemountain range, and it has a rugged terrain with no natural level ground. The highest point in the country isMonte Titano.There are no bodies of water of any significant size. It is between the Italian regions ofEmilia-RomagnaandMarche.

San Marino is the third smallest country inEurope,OnlyVatican CityandMonacoare smaller.

Two rivers flow through San Marino. There is no major water transport, and no major port orharbour.

Municipalities

These are the 9castelli(municipalities) of San Marino:

Location of the 9 castelli of San Marino

Cities in San Marino
Rank	City	Area km2	Population
			1986	1996	2006
1.	Serravalle	10.53	6,995	8,085	9,847
2.	Borgo Maggiore	9.01	4,421	5,358	6,061
3.	City of San Marino	7.09	4,179	4,350	4,409
4.	Domagnano	6.62	1,885	2,207	2,899
5.	Fiorentino	6.56	1,478	1,798	2,253
6.	Acquaviva	4.86	1,148	1,264	1,881
7.	Faetano	7.75	738	870	1,139
8.	Chiesanuova	5.46	724	866	1036
9.	Montegiardino	3.31	557	717	843
	San Marino	61.19	22,125	25,515	30,368

Food

The food of San Marino is very similar toItalian,especially theEmilia-RomagnaandMarcheregions. It has a lots of its own unique foods. It's best known food is theTorta Tre Monti( "Cake of the Three Mountains" or "Cake of the Three Towers" ), awafercake covered inchocolate.The country also has a small wine industry.

Public holidays and festivals

Date	Name	Explanation
1 January	New Year's Day	Festival marking the beginning of the new year.
6 January	Epiphany	Commemorates the visit of thethree Wise Menormagito the infant Jesus.
5 February	Feast ofSaint Agatha	Commemoration of St. Agatha, Patroness of the Republic, as well as liberation from foreign rule.
variable*	Easter	Resurrection ofJesus.
variable**	Easter Monday	Monday after Easter day.
25 March	Anniversary of theArengo	Anniversary of theArengoand theFesta delle Milizie (Feast of the Militants).
1 May	Labour Day	Celebration of workers and employees.
variable***	Corpus Domini	Commemoration of the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
28 July	Liberation from Fascism	Commemoration of the fall of theSammarinese Fascist Party.
15 August	Ferragosto(Assumption)	Commemoration of the Virgin Mary's direct assumption into heaven upon her death.
3 September	The Feast of San Marino and the Republic	National feast of San Marino, celebrating the origin of the Republic in 301.
1 November	All Saints' Day	Feast dedicated to all saints.
2 November	Commemoration of all those who died at war	Remembrance of all those who gave their lives for San Marino in war.
8 December	Immaculate Conception	Remembrance of the Virgin Mary's conception without original sin.
24 December	Christmas Eve	Day before the commemoration of the birth ofJesus.
25 December	Christmas	Birth ofJesus.
26 December	St. Stephen's Day	Commemoration of the death ofSaint Stephen,the first Christian martyr.
31 December	New Year's Eve	Celebration which closes and marks the end of the year.
*Easter:the first Sunday after thefull moonand the Marchequinox **Easter Monday:the Monday after Easter day ***Corpus Domini:the first Thursday afterTrinity Sunday