Sansei
Sansei(Tam thế,literally, "third generation" )is aJapanese languageterm used in countries inNorth AmericaandSouth Americato name the children born toJapanesepeople whoimmigrated.Theemigrantsorimmigrantswho were born in Japan are calledIssei;and their children born in the new country are calledNisei(second generation). ThegrandchildrenofIsseiare calledSansei(third generation).[1]
Thecharacteranduniquenessof theSanseiis recognized in its social history.[2]
History
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The earliest organized group of Japaneseemigrantssettled inMexicoin 1897.[3]
Imigration to Brazil began in 1908. Today, the community which grew from the immigrant children and grandchildren has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside ofJapan,including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians.[4]Other communities ofSanseigrew up in theUnited States,[5]Canada,[6]andPeru.[7]
The use of the termSanseiwas modeled after anIsseipatternortemplate.In the 1930s, the termIsseicame into common use. The word replaced the term "immigrant" (ijusha). This change in usage mirrored an evolution in the way theIsseilooked at themselves. The labelIsseialso included the idea of belonging to the new country.[6]
Cultural profile
[change|change source]The termNikkei( ngày hệ ) was created by sociologists in the late 20th century. TheNikkeiinclude all of the world's Japanese immigrants and their descendants.[8]
TheIsseiwere born in Japan, and their cultural perspective was primarily Japanese; but they were in America by choice.[9]TheirSanseigrandsons and granddaughters grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their grandparents.
Although theIsseikept an emotional connection with Japan, they created homes in a country far from Japan.[10]TheSanseihad never known a country other than the one into which they were born.
| Generation | Cohortdescription |
|---|---|
| Issei( một đời ) | The generation of people born in Japan who immigrated to another country.[11] |
| Nisei( nhị thế ) | The generation of people born in North America, Latin America, Australia, Hawaii, or any country outside of Japan either to at least oneIsseiparent.[11] |
| Sansei( tam thế ) | The generation of people born to at least oneNiseiparent.[11] |
| Yonsei( bốn thế ) | The generation of people born to at least oneSanseiparent[11] |
| Gosei( năm thế ) | The generation of people born to at least oneYonseiparent[12] |
TheIssei,NiseiandSanseigenerations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious practice, and other matters.[13]
Select list of notableSansei
[change|change source]- This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
- Keiko Fujimori,Peruvianpolitician[14]
- Mike Honda(1941- ),USCongressman[15]
- Lawson Fusao Inada(1938- ),Americanpoet[16]
- Terry Kawamura(1949-1969), USMedal of HonorrecipientinVietnam War[17]
- Doris Matsui(1944- ),USCongresswoman[18]
- Robert Matsui(1941-2005),USCongressman[19]
- Patsy Mink(1927-2002),USCongresswoman[20]
- Kent Nagano(1951- ), Americanconductor[21]
- Bev Oda,CanadianMember of Parliament[22]
- Ellison Onizuka(1946-1986), USastronaut[23]
- Mike Shinoda(1977- ), American musician[24]
- Eric Shinseki,USSecretary of Veterans Affairs[25]
- David Suzuki,Canadian university professor
- Ronald Takaki,American university professor[26]
- Mark Takano,USCongressman[27]
- Dan Tani,US astronaut[28]
- David Tsubouchi,Canadianlawyerand politician[29]
- Rodney Yano(1943-1969), US Medal of Honor recipient in Vietnam War[30]
Related pages
[change|change source]References
[change|change source]- ↑The generation names come from the numbers "one, two, three" in theJapanese language.The first three Japanese numbers are "ichi, ni, san.The fourth number is "yon".
- ↑Numrich, Paul David. (2008). NorthAmerican Buddhists in Social Context,p. 110.
- ↑Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA),Japan-Mexico Foreign Relations;retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑MOFA,"Japan-Brazil Relations";retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑Sakata, Yasuo. (1992).Fading Footsteps of the Issei,p. 1.
- ↑6.06.1McLellan, Janet. (1999).Many Petals of the Lotus: Five Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto,p. 36.
- ↑"Fujimori Secures Japanese Haven,"BBCNews,12 December 2000; retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑Japanese American National Museum,"What is Nikkei?"Archived2009-05-03 at theWayback Machine;retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑Smithsonian,"The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942 - 1946", Yoshitsuchi IkemotoArchived2013-02-25 at theWayback Machine;excerpt, "... one of hundreds ofIssei(first-generation) 'bachelor' laborers who were unable to send for their wives or a picture bride because the U.S. government cut off all immigration from Japan in 1924 "; retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑Yenne, Bill. (2007).Rising Sons: The Japanese American GIs Who Fought for the United States in World War II,p. xv.
- ↑11.011.111.211.3"Issei"Densho Encyclopedia;retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑Ikezoe-Halevi, Jean."Voices of Chicago: Day of Remembrance 2006,"Discover Nikkei(US). October 31, 2006; retrieved 2012-11-25.
- ↑McLellan,p. 59.
- ↑Romero, Simon."A Second Fujimori Contends for Peru’s Presidency,"New York Times.May 27, 2011; retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑US Congress,"Honda, Mike (1941- )";"Mike Honda, California 15th District"Archived2007-07-12 at theWayback Machine;retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑"Lawson Fusao Inada (1938- ),"Archived2012-11-21 at theWayback MachineOregon Encyclopedia;retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑US Army Center of Military History,"Medal of Honor Recipients, Vietnam (A-L)"Archived2010-11-08 at theWayback Machine;retrieved 2012-12-13.
- ↑US Congress,"Matsui, Doris Okada (1944- )";"Doris Matsui, California 5th District";retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑US Congress,"Matsui, Robert Takeo (1941-2005)";retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑US Congress,"Mink, Patsy Takemoto, (1927-2002);retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑Asakawa, Gil. (2012).Being Japanese American,p. 79.
- ↑Parliament of Canada,"Oda, The Hon. Bev, P.C., B.A."Archived2012-09-28 at theWayback Machine;retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑Spickard, Paul R. (2009).Japanese Americans: The Formation and Transformations of an Ethnic Group,pp. 155-156.
- ↑"The Rising Tied CD Reviews" at Lptimes citingThe Straits Times(Singapore); excertp, "...personal labour of love for the sansei (third-generation Japanese American) whose father was interned during World War II"; retrieved 2012-12-4.
- ↑US Dept of Veterans Affairs,"Eric K. Shinseki"Archived2010-01-05 at theWayback Machine;retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑Grimes, William."Ronald Takaki, a Scholar on Ethnicity, Dies at 70,"New York Times.May 30, 2009;"In Depth: Ronald Takaki,"C-SPAN/BookTV (US). 1 March 2009; retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑Goad, Ben."Congress District 41: Takano beats Tavaglione in nationally watched race,"Archived2012-11-10 at theWayback MachinePress-Enterprise(Riverside, California). November 6, 2012; retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),"Daniel M. Tani, NASA Astronaut";Seigel, Shizue."Dan Tani: NASA’s Newest Japanese American Astronaut,"Archived2012-03-16 at theWayback MachineNikkei Heritage(US). Vol. XI, No. 4, Fall 1999; retrieved 2011-05-17
- ↑Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Canada),"David H. Tsubouchi, MPP";retrieved 2012-12-2.
- ↑US Army Center of Military History,"Medal of Honor Recipients, Vietnam (M-Z)"Archived2008-04-24 at theWayback Machine;"Big Island Salute,"Rafu Shimpo(Los Angeles). July 12 2012; retrieved 2012-12-11.
Other websites
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Media related toInternment of Japanese-Canadiansat Wikimedia Commons
Media related toJapanese American internmentat Wikimedia Commons