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Washington, D.C.

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Coordinates:38°54′17″N77°00′59″W/ 38.90472°N 77.01639°W/38.90472; -77.01639
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Washington, D.C.
Federal capital cityandfederal district
District of Columbia
Counter-Clockwise from top right: United States Capitol, Washington Monument, the White House, Smithsonian Institution Building and Lincoln Memorial
Counter-Clockwise from top right:United States Capitol,Washington Monument,theWhite House,Smithsonian Institution BuildingandLincoln Memorial
Flag of Washington, D.C.
Flag
Official seal of Washington, D.C.
Seal
Motto(s):
Justitia Omnibus
(English:Justice for All)
Anthem: "Our Nation's Capital"[1]
Washington, D.C. is located in the United States
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Location within the United States
Washington, D.C. is located in North America
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Location within North America
Coordinates:38°54′17″N77°00′59″W/ 38.90472°N 77.01639°W/38.90472; -77.01639
CountryUnited States
Residence Act1790;234 years ago(1790)
Organized1801;223 years ago(1801)
Consolidated1871;153 years ago(1871)
Home Rule Act1973;51 years ago(1973)
Named forGeorge Washington,Christopher Columbus
Government
•MayorMuriel Bowser(D)
•D.C. Council
List
•U.S. HouseEleanor Holmes Norton(D),
Delegate(At-large)
Area
•Federal capital cityandfederal district68.34 sq mi (177.0 km2)
• Land61.05 sq mi (158.1 km2)
• Water7.29 sq mi (18.9 km2)
Highest elevation
409 ft (125 m)
Lowest elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Population
(2019)[2]
•Federal capital cityandfederal district705,749
• Rank20th, U.S.as of 2018
• Density11,506/sq mi (4,442/km2)
•Metro
6,216,589 (6th U.S.)
•CSA
9,665,892 (4th U.S.)
DemonymWashingtonian[3][4]
Time zoneUTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes
20001–20098, 20201–20599
Area code202
Major airports
Commuter rail
Rapid transit
AbbreviationsDC, D.C.
Websitedc.gov
Washington, D.C. state symbols
Living insignia
BirdWood Thrush
FlowerAmerican Beauty rose
TreeScarlet Oak
Inanimate insignia
BeverageRickey[5]
DinosaurCapitalsaurus
FoodCherry
RockPotomac bluestone
SloganFederal City
State route marker
District of Columbia Route 295 marker
State quarter
Washington, D.C. quarter dollar coin
Released in 2009
Lists of United States state symbols

Washington, D.C.(also known as simplyWashingtonorD.C.,and officially as theDistrict Of Columbia) is the capital of theUnited States.It is afederal district.ThePresident of the United States,theUnited States Congress,theUnited States Supreme Courtand many major nationalgovernmentofficesare in the territory. This makes it the political center of the United States of America.

Washington was named after the first U.S. PresidentGeorge Washington."D.C." stands for "District of Columbia". At first, it was made up of a piece fromVirginiasouth of thePotomac Riverand a piece fromMarylandnorth of the Potomac River. In 1847, Virginia's piece was returned to it, and is nowArlington Countyand part of the city ofAlexandria.Since 1847, all of the District of Columbia is on the north side of the Potomac River. The District of Columbia used to have other small towns which used "D.C.".

Since 1800, the District of Columbia has been the home of all three branches of the U.S. government:Congress,the President, and theSupreme Court.All of the majorpolitical partiesare based here. It is also the headquarters of theWorld Bank,theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF), and theOrganization of American States(OAS). Because it is the home of the President and is important to American politics, many groups often hold largedemonstrationsandprotestshere. These are often at theNational Mall,a large openparkwhich has manymonumentsandmuseums.The District of Columbia’s many museums and monuments make it a popular place fortouriststo visit.

In 2020, theUnited States Census Bureausaid that 689,545 people lived within the District of Columbia.[6]

History

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When English people first came to the area, there was a Native American village on the spot calledNakochtank.This name survives in the name of theAnacostia River.This river was known for the healing properties of its pure water and it is recorded that the Emperor Powhatan, who lived in what is nowRichmond, Virginia,made the trip all the way to Nakochtank once for this reason.

The 1789United States Constitutionsaid that a capital city would be created in a district, but did not say where it should be.James Madisonand others thought it should be far away from other states and cities. This way, it would be independent and not controlled by any state. In 1790, acompromisewas reached and capital was placed betweenVirginiaandMaryland.It was a square, ten miles (16 km) long on each side, and split by thePotomac River,which separated the two states. Half of the district was in Maryland and the other half was in Virginia, and the two states gave this land to the government. In 1791, it was namedWashington, the District of Columbiato honor George Washington.Columbiawas another name forNorth America.During theWar of 1812,the British burned down many government buildings, including theWhite House.

City design

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L'Enfant's plan for Washington, D.C., as revised by Andrew Ellicott (1792)

Washington, D.C. was planned before it was built. Pierre L'Enfant drew a plan for the city that said where all thestreets,parks,and important buildings would be. Unlike most cities in the United States, D.C. has manyroundaboutsortraffic circles.The city was supposed to have long and wideavenues,and many open spaces for monuments and parks. TheNational Mallis an example of this.

Representation

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Local Government

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Washington, D.C. is not a state. Itscitizenshave less control over their city than most Americans, but D.C. has had anelectedmayorand acity councilsince 1973. But Congress can make it so that a local law doesn't happen. The current mayor of Washington, D.C. isMuriel Bowser,aDemocrat.[7]

In Congress

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Thelicense plateson thecarsin Washington, D.C. say, "Taxation Without Representation." This is aprotestfrom people who live in Washington, D.C. about having to pay taxes to theUnited Stateswithout having a vote in theUnited States House of Representatives.It resembles the protest made by colonists before theAmerican Revolutionabout having to pay taxes toGreat Britain.Some people are against letting Washington, D.C. have a Congressman or Congresswoman because the Constitution only allows states to have Congressmen or Congresswomen.

Culture

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Performing arts and music

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TheJohn F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Artsis along the Potomac River.

Washington, D.C. is the center of the nation for its arts. The National Symphony Orchestra, the Washington National Opera, and the Washington Ballet are all inside the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The Kennedy Center Honors are given every year to the people who have greatly helped the cultural life of the United States.[8]The President andFirst Ladyusually go to the Honors ceremony.[9]

Museums

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There are also many museums and memorials in Washington, D.C.. TheSmithsonianruns many museums.

Geography

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Climate

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Washington D.C. has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classification:Cfa).

Summersare hot and humid,wintersare cool to cold, andspringandfallare mild.

The average yearlyprecipitationis fairly high at 42.82 inches (1,088 mm), and is regular throughout the year.

Snowfalls a few times each winter, and sometimes in spring and fall, which is usually light and lasts no longer than a few days.Blizzardsdo occur, but not every winter.

The city gets many summerheat wavesthat can last for many days, and less commonly wintercold wavesthat usually last for a few days.

Media

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As the national capital of the United States, Washington, D.C. has numerous media outlets in various mediums. Some of these media are known throughout the United States, includingThe Washington Postand various broadcasting networks headquartered in D.C.

Newspapers

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The Washington Postis a dailynewspaperin Washington, D.C. The Washington Post was awarded thePulitzer Prizefor its reporting on theWatergate scandalin 1973.[16]The Washington Post Company has multiple media holdings, including a daily free newspaper called theExpress,the Washington Post News Service with Bloomberg News,Fashion Washington,El Tiempo Latino(a Spanish-language publication),the Slate Group,The Daily Herald(in Washington state), as well as the education companyKaplan, Inc.The Washington Postemphasizes national and political news coverage but also covers regional and local stories. Headquartered in downtown Washington, the newspaper employs journalists at 11 regional bureaus in Maryland and Virginia and 14 international bureaus. Content is shared across titles within the Washington Post Company, and theExpress,in particular, often reprints content from the Associated Press, Getty Images, and other wire sources.[17]

Washington TimesandWashington City Paperalso have substantial readership in the District. On February 1, 2005, the free dailytabloidWashington Examinerdebuted, having been formed from a chain of suburban newspapers known as theJournal Newspapers.

Washington BladeandMetro Weeklyfocus ongayissues and theWashington Sun,theWashington Informer,and alsoWashington Afroon African American issues. Bi-weeklyStreet Sensefocuses on issues ofhomelessnesspoverty, and life on the streets. Other special-interest papers includeRoll Call,a daily paper focused on politics.

Many neighborhoods in the District have their own community newspapers. Some of these includeThe Current Newspapers,which has editions servingDupont Circle,Foggy Bottom,Georgetown,Chevy Chaseand Upper Northwest, and aCapitol Hillpaper calledThe Capitol Hill Current/Voice of the Hill.Additional papers includeIn-Towner(Dupont Circle,Logan CircleandAdams Morgan),Hill Rag(Capitol Hill),East of the River(Anacostia) andD.C. North(Northeast D.C.). In addition, several specialty newspapers serve the U.S. Congress; most notable areRoll Call,The Hill,andPolitico.

Television

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As of 2008, theWashington Metropolitan Areawas the 9th largestdesignated market areain the United States, with 2,321,610 television homes (2.028% of the U.S. population).[18]The following is a list oftelevision stationsserving the metro area: Columbus

Digital Channel Digital Subchannel Analog Channel Callsign[19] Network[20] City of License Notes
4(Virtual);48 4.1 - WRC-TV NBC Washington, D.C. -
4.2 Cozi TV
5(Virtual);36 5.1 - WTTG-TV Fox Washington, D.C. -
- - 6 WDCN-LP - Fairfax, Virginia Spanishaudio only
7 7.1 - WJLA-TV ABC Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromArlington, Virginia
7.2 MeTV
7.3 Live Well Network
9 9.1 - WUSA-TV CBS Washington, D.C. -
9.2 Bounce TV
14(Virtual);15 15.1 - WFDC-DT Univision Arlington, Virginia Broadcasts from Washington
20(Virtual);35 20.1 - WDCA MyNetworkTV Washington, D.C. -
22(Virtual);42 22.1 - WMPT PBS Annapolis, Maryland -
22.2 - MPT2
22.3 V-me -
- - 23 WDDN-LD Daystar Washington, D.C. -
- - 25 WZDC-CD Telemundo Washington, D.C. -
26(Virtual);27 26.1 - WETA-TV PBS(HD) Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromArlington, Virginia
26.2 Create
26.3 - WETA Kids Channel; Broadcasts fromArlington, Virginia
26.4 PBS(SD) Broadcasts fromArlington, Virginia
30(Virtual);24 30.1 - WNVC MHz Worldview Fairfax, Virginia Broadcasts fromFalls Church, Virginia
30.2 NHK World
30.3 Metro Chinese Network
30.4 RT(English)
30.5 Al Jazeera English
30 30.6 - WNVT Euronews/VTV4 Goldvein, Virginia Broadcasts fromFalls Church, Virginia
30.7 France 24
30.8 RT(Spanish)
30.9 Arirang
30.10 ETV
32(Virtual);33 32.1 - WHUT-TV PBS(HD) Washington, D.C. Howard University
32.2 PBS(SD)
47(Virtual);8 47.1 - WMDO-CA UniMás Washington, D.C. -
47.2 LATV
50 50.1 - WDCW-TV CW Washington, D.C. -
50.2 Antenna TV
50.3 This TV
- - 58 WIAV-LD AsiaVision Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromGreenbelt, Maryland
66(Virtual);43 66.1 - WPXW-TV ION Manassas, Virginia Broadcasts fromFairfax Station, Virginia
66.2 qubo
66.3 ION Life

MostBaltimorearea television stations can be seen in the Washington region. Besides being viewed clearly in the District, they can especially be seen in the suburbs of theInterstate 95corridor between both cities. They are:WMAR2 (ABC),WBAL11 (NBC),WJZ13 (CBS),WMPT22 /WMPB67 (PBS/MPB),WUTB24 (MyNetwork TV),WBFF45 (FOX), andWNUV54 (TheCW). A DC-MD-VA regional news station,TBD TV,is carried on Channel 8 on all cable systems in Washington, D.C. and surrounding communities.

Public, educational, and government access(PEG) on cable television is provided by thePublic Access Corporation of the District of Columbiaon two channels simulcast to both local cable television systems. One channel is devoted to religious programming and the other channel provides a diversity of offerings. The District's twoPublic, educational, and government access(PEG) Channels are DCTV, a non-profit media outlet that provides training and production opportunities to local residents, and OCT TV-16, which provides information about government programs, services, and related opportunities.

Major national broadcasters and cable outlets includingNBC,ABC,CBS,FOX,andCNNmaintain a significant presence in Washington, as do those from around the world including theBBC,CBC,andAl Jazeera.ThePublic Broadcasting Service(PBS) is headquartered inArlington, Virginia.Also, severalcable televisionnetworks have their headquarters in the Washington area, including:

Radio

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National Public Radioheadquarters, located atMount Vernon Square

As of 2008, theWashington Metropolitan Areawas the 9th largest radiomarketin the United States with a Metro 12+ Population of 4,238,100. The following is a list ofradio stationsserving the metro area:

AM

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Frequency Callsign Format City of License Notes
540 WGOP Adult Standards/MOR Pocomoke City, Maryland Broadcasts fromDamascus, Maryland
570 WSPZ Sports Bethesda, Maryland Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
630 WMAL News/Talk Washington, D.C. -
730 WTNT Talk Alexandria, Virginia Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
780 WAVA Christian Arlington, Virginia -
900 WILC Spanish Contemporary Laurel, Maryland -
950 WCTN Spanish Contemporary Potomac, Maryland -
980 WTEM Sports Washington, D.C. ESPN Radio;Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
1030 WWGB SpanishChristian Indian Head, Maryland Broadcasts fromSuitland, Maryland
1050 WZAA News/Talk Silver Spring, Maryland Broadcasts from Washington
1120 WUST World Ethnic Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromFalls Church, Virginia
1160 WMET Variety Gaithersburg, Maryland Broadcasts fromSilver Spring, Maryland
1220 WFAX Christian Falls Church, Virginia -
1260 WWRC News/Talk Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
1310 WDCT Korean Fairfax, Virginia -
1340 WYCB Urban Gospel Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
1390 WZHF News Arlington, Virginia Voice of RussiaEnglish language service; Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
1450 WOL News/Talk Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
1460 WKDV SpanishVariety Manassas, Virginia -
1480 WPWC Mexican Regional Dumfries, Virginia Broadcasts fromWoodbridge, Virginia
1500 WFED News/Talk Washington, D.C. -
1540 WACA Spanish Contemporary Wheaton, Maryland -
1560 WKIK Country La Plata, Maryland Broadcasts fromMechanicsville, Maryland
1580 WJFK News/Talk Morningside, Maryland Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
1600 WLXE Spanish Rockville, Maryland -

FM

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Frequency Callsign Format City of License Notes
88.1 WMUC-FM Freeform College Park, Maryland UMDcollege radio
88.5 WAMU News/Talk Washington, D.C. NPR
89.3 WPFW Jazz Washington, D.C. -
90.1 WCSP-FM News/Talk Washington, D.C. C-SPAN
90.9 WETA Classical Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromArlington, Virginia
91.9 WGTS Contemporary Christian Takoma Park, Maryland -
92.7 WWXT Sports Prince Frederick, Maryland Repeater ofWTEM
93.9 WKYS Urban Contemporary Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
94.7 WIAD Hot Adult Contemporary Bethesda, Maryland Broadcasts fromSilver Spring, Maryland
95.5 WPGC-FM Rhythmic CHR Morningside, Maryland Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
96.3 WHUR-FM Urban Adult Contemporary Washington, D.C. -
97.1 WASH-FM Adult Contemporary Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
98.7 WMZQ-FM Country Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
99.1 WNEW-FM News/Talk Bowie, Maryland Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
99.5 WIHT Pop CHR Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
100.3 WBIG-FM Classic Hits Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
101.1 WWDC Alternative Rock Washington, D.C. Broadcasts fromRockville, Maryland
102.3 WMMJ Urban Adult Contemporary Bethesda, Maryland Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
103.5 WTOP-FM News Washington, D.C. -
104.1 WPRS-FM Urban Gospel Waldorf, Maryland Broadcasts fromLanham, Maryland
105.1 WAVA-FM Contemporary Christian Arlington, Virginia -
105.9 WMAL-FM News/talk Woodbridge, Virginia Broadcasts from Washington
106.7 WJFK-FM Sports Manassas, Virginia Broadcasts fromFairfax, Virginia
107.3 WRQX Pop CHR Washington, D.C. -
107.9 WLZL SpanishTropical Annapolis, Maryland -

Transportation

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Metro Centeris the transfer station for theRed,Orange,andBlueMetroraillines.

According to a 2010 study, Washington-area commuters spent 70 hours a year in traffic delays, which tied with Chicago for having the nation's worst road congestion.[21]However, 37% of Washington-area commuters take public transportation to work, the second-highest rate in the country.[22]An additional 12% of D.C. commuters walked to work, 6% carpooled, and 3% traveled by bicycle in 2010.[23]

Washington has very few freeways. The funds that had been dedicated for freeway construction were instead redirected to the region'spublic transportationinfrastructure.[24]The interstate highways that do continue into Washington, includingInterstate 66andInterstate 395,both terminate shortly upon entering the city.

TheWashington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority(WMATA) operates theWashington Metro,the city'srapid transitsystem, as well asMetrobus.Both systems serve the District and its suburbs. Metro opened on March 27, 1976 and presently consists of 86 stations and 106.3 miles (171.1 km) of track.[25]With an average of about one million trips each weekday, Metro is the second-busiest rapid transit system in the country, after theNew York City Subway.Metrobus serves over 400,000 riders each weekday, making it the nation's sixth-largest bus system.[26]The city also operates its ownDC Circulatorbus system, which connects commercial areas within central Washington.[27]

Union Stationis a transportation hub for passengers on Amtrak, commuter rail lines, and the Washington Metro.

Union Stationis the main train station in Washington, D.C., and handles about 70,000 people each day. It isAmtrak's second-busiest station with 4.6 million passengers annually and serves as the southern terminus for theNortheast CorridorandAcela Expressroutes. Maryland'sMARCand Virginia'sVREcommuter trains and the MetrorailRed Linealso provide service into Union Station.[28]Expansion plans announced in 2011 will make Union Station the city's primaryintercity bustransit center.[29]A newstreetcarsystem opened in 2016.

Three major airports serve The District. TheRonald Reagan Washington National Airportis across from downtown Washington inArlington, Virginiaand has its own Metrorail station. Major international flights arrive and depart fromWashington Dulles International Airport,26.3 miles (42.3 km) west of the District inFairfaxandLoudouncounties in Virginia. Dulles gained its own Metrorail station in 2016.Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airportis 31.7 miles (51.0 km) northeast of the District inAnne Arundel County, Maryland.

References

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  1. ↑Imhoff, Gary (October 1999)."Our Official Songs".DC Watch.RetrievedFebruary 7,2012.
  2. ↑"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: District of Columbia".census.gov.
  3. ↑"Demonyms for people from the USA".geography-site.co.uk.RetrievedApril 12,2017.
  4. ↑"Demonym".addis.Archived fromthe originalon April 13, 2017.RetrievedApril 12,2017.
  5. ↑Jamie R. Liu (July 14, 2011)."Rickey Named Official D.C. Cocktail".DCist.Archived fromthe originalon October 14, 2011.RetrievedJuly 14,2011.
  6. ↑"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Washington city, District of Columbia".census.gov.Retrieved2022-02-26.
  7. ↑"Mayoral election in Washington, D.C. (2018)".Ballotpedia.Retrieved2019-05-24.
  8. ↑"About the Kennedy Center Honors".The Kennedy Center.Retrieved2008-06-29.
  9. ↑"The Board of Trustees".The Kennedy Center.Retrieved2008-06-29.
  10. ↑"Threaded Station Extremes".threadex.rcc-acis.org.
  11. ↑"NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 24,2021.
  12. ↑"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 4,2021.
  13. ↑"WMO Climate Normals for WASHINGTON DC/NATIONAL ARPT VA 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedJuly 18,2020.
  14. ↑Rogers, Matt (1 April 2015)."April outlook: Winter be gone! First half of month looks warmer than average".The Washington Post.RetrievedMay 24,2021.For reference, here are the 30-year climatology benchmarks for Reagan National Airport for April, along with our projections for the coming month:...Average snowfall: Trace; Forecast: 0 to trace
  15. ↑"Washington, DC - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast".Weather Atlas.Yu Media Group.RetrievedJune 29,2019.
  16. ↑"The 1973 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Public Service - The Washington Post".The Pulitzer Prizes.
  17. ↑Kristine Gloria and Kara Hadge, "An Information Community Case Study: Washington, DC,Archived2013-09-09 at theWayback Machine"Washington, DC: New America Foundation, 2010,http://mediapolicy.newamerica.net/publications/policy/an_information_community_case_study_washington_dcArchived2013-09-09 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 9 Sept. 2010.
  18. ↑"Local Television Market Universe Estimates"(PDF).Nielsen.2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2009-07-11.Retrieved2009-11-01.
  19. ↑"TVQ TV Database Query".Federal Communications Commission.Archived fromthe originalon 2009-05-08.Retrieved2009-11-01.
  20. ↑"Stations for Washington, District of Columbia".RabbitEars.Info.Retrieved2011-05-16.
  21. ↑Halsey III, Ashley (January 20, 2011)."Washington area tied with Chicago for traffic congestion, study finds".The Washington Post.RetrievedAugust 15,2011.
  22. ↑Christie, Les (June 29, 2007)."New Yorkers are top transit users".CNNMoney.RetrievedJuly 15,2008.
  23. ↑"District of Columbia Commuting Characteristics by Sex".2010 American Community Survey.United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 16,2011.
  24. ↑Schrag, Zachary (2006). "Chapter 5: The Bridge".The Great Society Subway.Johns Hopkins University Press.ISBN9780801889066.
  25. ↑"WMATA Facts"(PDF).WMATA. August 2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on December 26, 2018.RetrievedNovember 25,2011.
  26. ↑Dawson, Christie R. (August 21, 2009)."Estimated Unliked Transit Passenger Trips"(PDF).American Public Transport Association. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on August 23, 2011.RetrievedOctober 10,2009.
  27. ↑"About DC Circulator".DC Circulator.RetrievedAugust 31,2010.
  28. ↑"District of Columbia Amtrak Fact Sheet FY 2010"(PDF).Amtrak. November 2010.RetrievedJuly 19,2011.
  29. ↑Thomson, Robert (July 30, 2011)."Union Station to become intercity bus center".The Washington Post.RetrievedAugust 17,2011.

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