Afurika

Afurikandiroziwumberiri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pakukura uye pahuwandu hwe vagari mushure meEzhiya.Unda we Afurika hwakakura kusvika maskweya emakiromita mamiriyoni emakumimatanhatu-nekeripiri (30.2 km²), izvi zvichisanganisira zvitsuwa zviri pedyo nayo. Chikamu chinosvika chimuzana wechitanhatu (6%) cheundaweRinopasichinotorwa ne ziwumbe re Afurika uye chikamu chinosvika chimuzana chemakumimaviri-nekerina (20.4%) cheivhu chiri muAfurika.

Tarachisi ye Afurika inorakidza kuti yakapoteredzwa neBhahari re Medhiteraniyakumaodzanyemba;Gungwa re Indiakumabvazuvanekuchamhembe;neGungwa re Atlandikikumadokeronekuchamhembe. Nyika yeMatagadzikwa chitsuwachikuru chinoverengerwa sekuva mudunhu re Afurika. Zvimwezvitsuwazvinosanganisira:Seyisheri;Morishasi;Kabho Vherite;Ghini Yomutsazanisi;Chitsuwa cha Robheni;Zanzibharinezvimwewo zvidiki.

Huwandu hwevagari we Afurika unoverengerwa kusvika kumabhiriyoni maviri (zvichienderana negore raZvuruzviviri neguminetanhatu [2016]), pamusoro pezvo vuzhinji hwe huwandu uhwu ndewe vanhu vegandadema.

Vanhu vekuYuropuvakapamba Afurikamuzanagore rechiguminepfumbamwe;pakazozvika kuguma kwe zanagore remakumimaviri Afurika yose yakange yawana rusununguko.Ghanandiyo yakatanga kuwana rusununguko mugore ra1957,Namibhiyaichive yakazopedzisira mugore ra1990.

Taranyika

Mukuringataranyikaye Afurika, zvinovonikwa kuti inopatsanurana neYuropupa Bhahari re Medhiteraniya ichinobatana neEzhiyapaMuronga we Suwaisiapo panova panochekana napo Muronga we Suwaisi.Mugimbakirwa we Sinaiuri mhiri kwe Muronga we Suwaisi munyika yeIjipitairi kumaodzanyemba eAfurika.

Nzvimbo iri kwakanyanya kuenda nechekuMaodzanyembainonziRasi bhene Sakha,Tunisia(37°21' N); iri kwakanyanya kuenda nechekuChamhembeinonziKabho AgulhasimuAfurika Chamhembe(34°51'15 "S). Pakati penzvimbo idzi pane nhambwe inokwana makiromita ezvuruzvisere (8000km). Uko kwakanyanya kuenda nechekuMabvazuvakuneRasi Hafuniiri muSomariya(51°27'52 "E); kwakanyanya kuenda nechekuMadokerokune Kabho Vherite (17°33'22 "W). Kubva paRasi Hafuni kusvika kuKabho Vherite pane nhambwe inosvika makiromita ezvuruzvinomwe-nemazanamana (7,400km). Muganhu wemahombekombe eAfurika ne gungwa wakareba kusvika makiromita ezvuruzvemakumimaviri-netanhatu (26,000km).

Nyika hombesa muAfurika iArujeriya,nyika dukusa iSeyisheriyakavumbwa sechaunga chezvitsuwazviri kuMabvazuva eAfurika. Nyika idukusa pagurunyika yeziwumbeiGambia.

Vanhu vemuAfurika

Huwandu hwe vagari veAfurika hwakakwira zvakanyanya pamakore makumi mana apfuura, nokudaro Afurika ine vanhu vazhinji vechidiki. Mune dzimwe nyika dze Afurika chikamu chinodarika muzana wechishanu (50%) wevanhu vari pasi pamakore makumimavairi-neshanu (25) ekuberekwa. Huwandu hwe vanhu muAfurika hwakakwira kubva pamamiriyoni mazanamaviri-nemakumimavirinerimwe (221 mamiriyoni) muna 1950 kusvika pabhiriyoni-nekerishaiwe (1.0 bhiriyoni) muna2009

Marudzi evanhu vanotauramitauro ye Chibanthundivo vanotaura chikamu chikurusa mudunhu rinobva pakati peAfurika zvichienda kuchamhembenekuchamhembechemabvazuva.Mudunhu iri munowanikwa wo marudzi evatema vechiNairivanowanikwa kuChamhembe che Sudhani nekuMabvazuva eAfurika, pamwe neVaswahiliuyeVakhoekhoevanowanikwa kuchamhembe che Afurika. Marudzi eVakhoekhoe ndivo vanonzi vakatanaga kusvika kuchamhembe kwe Afurika kuchizotevera vatauri vendimi dzeChibanthu. Vakhoekhoe ndivo vane rudzi runonziVasan(Vasangovanhu muchikare).

KuMaodzanyembakwe Afurika kune mapoka maviri:VabheribheneVaarabhukumadokero; Vaijipita ne Varibhiya kumavirira. Verudzi rwechiArabhu vakasvika mudunhu iri muzanagore rechinomwe,ndivo vakawunza mutauro weChiarabhunechinamatocheUyisalamakunzvimbo idzi. Vanhu veMarudzi aShemuvakauyawo mudunhu iri vachisanganisira:Vafonisine Vahysko -VagirikiveVarhomavakagarawo munzvimbo iyi. Verudzi rwechiBheribhe ndivo ruzhinji munyika yeMorokouye muArujeriyamune Mabheribhe vane chitsama chakati kurei. Rudzi urwu ndirwo rune vanhu vanogara mugwengareSaharapakazhinji.

Munyika dzeEriteriyaneItopiyamuneVaamharaneVatigiriyavanotaura mitauro yeMarudzi echiShemuiri pamupanda wendimi dze Afurika-Ezhiya. Mudunhu rimwechetero muneVaoromoneVasomarivanotaura mitauro yeMarudzi echiKushiiri pamupanda wendimi dzeAfurika-Ezhiya.

Mumwaka wakanga Afurika ichiri pasi peVarungukwakanga kuine varungu munyika zhinji asi iye zvino vasara vane chitsama munyika shoma. Mumakore akawana nyika dze Afurika kuzvitonga varungu vakatama kubva munyika dzinoti:Arujeriya,Kenya,Kongo,Rhodhezhiya,MazambukoneAngola.Zvinofungirwa kutiVaputukezivanokwana miriyoni-rimwe nekerishaiwe (1.0 mamiriyoni) vakabuda muAfurika mumwaka 1960-1979. Parizvino varungu vanowanikwa vashoma munyika dzinoti:Afurika Chamhembe,Zimbabwe,NamibhiyaneRhewuniyone (kurevaReunion).Nyika ine varungu vakawanda ndiyo Afurika Chamhembe uye nyika iyi ndiyo ine verudzi rwechiJudhazvakanyanya muAfurika- zvinonzi Afurika Chamhembe ine huwandu hwe zvuruzvemakummanomwe-nerimwe (71,000) verudzi rweVajudha.Marudzi ane madzitateguru vekuYuropu anosanganisira, Vafurikana (kurevaAfrikaner),Vangirofurikani(kurevaAnglo-Africans) (vakabva Bhuritani) uyeMakaradhi.

Kuvuya kwe Varungu vakavuya nechitsama chevanhu vakabva kuEzhiya zvikurusei marudzi eIndia. Misha inogara marudzi echiIndia inowanikwa muAfurika Chamhembe uye muKenyaneTanzania.Zvitsuwa zviri muBhahari re India zvakagarwa vevanhu vakabva kuEzhiya- imwe nguva vairoorana neVaafurikapamwe neVayuropa.Vanhu vari muMatagadzikwa ndeverudzi rweOstironezhiasi vanosangana nemarudzi anotiVabanthu,Vaarabhu,Vaindia ne Vayuropa. Mumwaka wachizana20 kumahombekombe eAfrika kumabvazuvanekumadokerokwakasvikavo vane chitsama vemarudzi ekuRebhanonineChayina.

Mitauro

Pakuverengwa kwemitauro yemuAfurika, kunonziziwumbeiri rine mitauro inosvika zviuruzviviri, (2000). Mitauro mizhinji irikuvarwa ndeye muAfurika asi kune imwewo yakavuya kubva kuYuropu ne Ezhiya. Kunonzi Afurika ndiyo nzvimbo ine vanhu vanotaura mitauro mizhinji pane dzimwe dzose.

Nzizi dze Afurika

Rwizi Nile

Rwizi Nairindirwo rwakanyanya kureba Pasirose ruchiyerera nhambwe inoita makiromita ezvuruzitanhatu nemazanamatanhatu-nemakumimashanu (6,650km). Nairi inopinda munyika dzinosanganisa:Vurundi;Rwanda;Utemabanze we Rudhende rwe Vukongo;Tanzania;Kenya;Vuganda;ItopiyaneIjipita.

Rwizi Zambezi

KuChamhembekwe Afurika,Rwizi Zambezindirwo rwizi rukuru rwakareba kusvika makiromita ezvuruzvitatu mazanamashanu-nemakumimana (3,540km). Parwizi urwu ndipo panowanikwamapopomaeVutsi-vuno-tinhaari pamuganhu panosanganaZimbabwe,Zambia,Namibhiya neVutswana.Mamwe mapopoma ari paRwizi rwe Zambezianosanganisira:Mapopomo eChavumaari pamuganhu weAngolane Zambia;Mapopomo eNgonye(kana Mapopomo eSioma) kuMadokerokwe Zambia.

Njodzi muAfrika

Mugore raZvuruzviviri-neguminemotsi (2011)mumwedzi waKurumenyika yeJapaniyakaita kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasumudza mvura kubva mugungwa ikaita mafashama padunhu. Chiitiko ichi chakaparadza zvivakwa zvizhinji nehupenyu hwevanhu.

KuChamhembekweAfurikakundengenyeka kwenyika kushoma; mugore raZvuruzviviri-nemotsi (2001)Afurika Chamhembe, Vutswana ne Zimbabwe dzakanzwawo kundengenyeka kwenyika asi hapana zvivakwa zvakaparadzwa. Padambudziko iri musiki wakaropafadza dunhu reAfurika.

MuAfurika munezvikwatamabwezvinozikanwa zvinoti:Kirimanjaro;Nyiragongo;Nyamuragiranezvimwewo kuNaijeriyane Afurika Chamhembe. Zvimwechetezvo nekudengenyeka kwenyika, chiitiko chinonzichikwatamabwekashoma kuitika muziwumbere Afurika.

Ziwumbe


Utemabanze we Rudhende rweVuarabhu rweSaharawi•Somarirandi	Mavuso anozivikanwa zvishoma
(Speini)Canary Islands/Ceuta/Melilla• (Putugaro)Madeira• (Furanzi)Mayotte/Réunion• (United Kingdom)Saint Helena/Ascension Island/Tristan da Cunha•Sahara ye Madokero	Zvisi ne Materitori ekunze