Animalia

Various animals.

For the scientific journal namedAnimalia,seeISSN 0391-7746.

Taxonavigation

Superregnum:Eukaryota
Cladus:Unikonta
Cladus:Opisthokonta
Cladus:Holozoa
Regnum:Animalia
Subregna (2): Eumetazoa– Parazoa
incertae sedis:
Classes: †Chitinozoa
Ordines: †Conulariida– †Chancelloriida
Familiae: †Anabaritidae
Genera: †Annulusichnus– †Aspidella– †Dinomischus– †Parvancorina– †Siphusauctum– †Thectardis– †Tullimonstrum

Overview of phyla

Extant (34): Acanthocephala– Annelida– Arthropoda– Brachiopoda– Bryozoa– Chaetognatha– Chordata– Cnidaria– Ctenophora– Cycliophora– Dicyemida– Echinodermata– Entoprocta– Gastrotricha– Gnathostomulida– Hemichordata– Kinorhyncha– Loricifera– Micrognathozoa– Mollusca– Nematoda– Nematomorpha– Nemertea– Onychophora– Orthonectida– Phoronida– Placozoa– Platyhelminthes– Porifera– Priapulida– Rotifera– Sipuncula– Tardigrada– Xenacoelomorpha
[Source:Catalogue of Life version 2024-03-26]

Nomen dubium (1): ?Monoblastozoa

Fossil (2): †Trilobozoa– †Vendobionta– †Vetulicolia

Name

AnimaliaLinnaeus,1758emend.

Synonyms

• MetazoaHaeckel,1874
• ZooaeaBarkley,1939
• GastrobiontaRothmaler,1948
• EuanimaliaBarkley,1949

Classifications

Main page:Animalia (classifications).

References

Biodiversity

• Zhang, Z.-Q.(ed.) 2011.Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness.Zootaxa3148: 1–237.Open access.Reference page.
• Zhang, Z.-Q.(ed.) 2013. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013).Zootaxa3703(1): 1–82.DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.1Open access.Reference page.

Animal biodiversity publishing

• Blagoderov, V.,Brake, I.,Georgiev, T.,Penev, L.,Roberts, D.,Ryrcroft, S.,Scott, R.,Agosti, D.,Catapano, T.&Smith, V.S.2010. Streamlining taxonomic publication: a working example with Scratchpads and ZooKeys.ZooKeys50: 17–28.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.50.539
• Penev, L.,Roberts, D.,Smith, V.,Agosti, D.&Erwin, T.2010. Editorial. Taxonomy shifts up a gear: New publishing tools to accelerate biodiversity research.ZooKeys50: i–iv.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.50.543
• Penev, L.,Agosti, D.,Georgiev, T.,Catapano, T.,Miller, J.,Blagoderov, V.,Roberts, D.,Smith, V.S.,Brake, I.,Ryrcroft, S.,Scott, B.,Johnson, N.F.,Morris, R.A.,Sautter, G.,Chavan, V.,Robertson, T.,Remsen, D.,Stoev, P.,Parr, C.,Knapp, S.,Kress, W.J.,Thompson, F.C.&Erwin, T.2010. Semantic tagging of and semantic enhancements to systematics papers: ZooKeys working examples.ZooKeys50: 1–16.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.50.538
• Penev, L.,Hagedorn, G.,Mietchen, D.,Georgiev, T.,Stoev, P.,Sautter, G.,Agosti, D.,Plank, A.,Balke, M.,Hendrich, L.,Erwin, T.2011. Interlinking journal and wiki publications through joint citation: Working examples from ZooKeys and Plazi on Species-ID.ZooKeys90: 1–12.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.90.1369
• Smith, V.&Penev, L.(eds.) 2011. e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science.ZooKeys150contents
• Valdecasas, A.G.2011. An index to evaluate the quality of taxonomic publications.Zootaxa2925: 57–62.PreviewPDF
• Zhang, Z.-Q.2011. Describing unexplored biodiversity:Zootaxain the International Year of Biodiversity.Zootaxa2768: 1–4.PreviewPDF
• Zhang, Z.-Q.2011. Accelerating biodiversity descriptions and transforming taxonomic publishing: the first decade of Zootaxa.Zootaxa2896: 1–7.PreviewPDF

Methodology in zoological taxonomy

• Assis, L.C.S.,De Carvalho, M.R.&Wheeler, Q.D.2011. Homoplasy: from detecting pattern to determining process in evolution, but with a secondary role for morphology?Zootaxa2984: 67–68.Preview (PDF)
• Brown, B.V.2013. Automating the "Material examined" section of taxonomic papers to speed up species descriptions.Zootaxa3683(3): 297–299.DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3683.3.8Reference page.
• Chakrabarty, P.2010. Genetypes: a concept to help integrate molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy.Zootaxa2632: 67–68.PreviewPDF
• Coleman, C.O.,Lowry, J.K.&Macfarlane, T.2010. DELTA for beginners. An introduction into the taxonomy software package DELTA.ZooKeys,45: 1–75.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.45.263
• Cruickshank, R.H.&Munck, L.2011. It’s barcoding Jim, but not as we know it.Zootaxa2933: 55–56.PreviewPDF
• Ebach, M.C.2011. Taxonomy and the DNA Barcoding Enterprise.Zootaxa2742: 67–68.PreviewPDF
• Faith, D.P.et al.2012. Corroboration assessments and recent progress towards integrative systematics: a reply to Farris and Carpenter.Zootaxa3235: 65–68.Preview (PDF)
• Farris, J.S.&Carpenter, J.M.2012.Faithet al.'s (2011) "corroboration assessment" leads to verificationism.Zootaxa3235: 62–64.Preview (PDF)
• Maddison, D.R.,Schulz, K.-S.&Maddison, W.P.2007. The Tree of Life Web Project. Pp. 19–40in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF
• Minelli, A.2007. Invertebrate taxonomy and evolutionary developmental biology. Pp. 55–60in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF
• Mitchell, A.2011. DNA barcoding is useful for taxonomy: a reply to Ebach.Zootaxa2772: 67–68.PreviewPDF
• Rodman, J.E.2007. Reflections on PEET, the Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy. Pp. 41–46in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF
• Rodríguez-Fernández, J.I.et al.2011. Barcoding without DNA? Species identification using near infrared spectroscopy.Zootaxa2933: 46–54.Preview
• Rogers, D.C.2012. Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method.Zootaxa3257: 66–68.Preview (PDF)
• Santos, L.M.&Faria, L.R.R.2011. The taxonomy’s new clothes: a little more about the DNA-based taxonomy.Zootaxa3025: 66–68.PreviewPDF
• Stevens, M.I.,Porco, D.,D’Haese, C.A.&Deharveng, L.2011. Comment on "Taxonomy and the DNA Barcoding Enterprise" by Ebach (2011).Zootaxa2838: 85–88.PreviewPDF
• Stribling, J.,Sweeney, B.,Morse, J.,Corkum, G.,Lester, G.,Miller, S.,Mitchell, R.,Poulton, B.,Strachan, S.&Wetzel, M.2012. “Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method”: a rebuttal of Rogers (2012).Zootaxa3359: 65–68.PreviewPDF[erratum inZootaxa3383: 14–14.PreviewPDF(2012)]Reference page.
• Wheeler, Q.D.2007. Invertebrate systematics or spineless taxonomy? Pp. 10–18in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF
• Wilkins, J.S.2011. Philosophically speaking, how many species concepts are there?Zootaxa2765: 58–60.Preview (PDF)
• Winston, J.E.2007. Archives of a small planet: The significance of museum collections and museum-based research in invertebrate taxonomy. Pp. 47–54in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF

Phylogeny

• Baurain, D.,Brinkmann, H.&Philippe, H.2007. Lack of Resolution in the Animal Phylogeny: Closely Spaced Cladogeneses or Undetected Systematic Errors?Molecular biology and evolution24: 6–9.DOI:10.1093/molbev/msl137
• Bourlat, S.J.,Nielsen, C.,Economou, A.D.&Telford, M.J.2008. Testing the new animal phylogeny: a phylum level molecular analysis of the animal kingdom.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution49: 23–31.DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.008PDF
• DeSalle, R.&Schierwater, B.2008. An even "newer" animal phylogeny.BioEssays30: 1043–1047.DOI:10.1002/bies.20842PDF
• Dunn, C.W.et al.2008. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life.Nature452: 745–749.DOI:10.1038/nature06614
• Edgecombe, G.D.,Giribet, G.,Dunn, C.W.,Hejnot, A.,Kristensen, R.M.,Neves, R.C.,Rouse, G.W.,Worsaae, K.&Sørensen, M.V.2011. Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions.Organisms Diversity & Evolution11(2): 151–172.DOI:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4.Reference page.
• Giribet, G.et al.2007. A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life. Pp. 61–79in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)PDF
• Glenner, H.,Hansen, A.J.,Sørensen, M.V.,Ronquist, F.,Huelsenbeck, J.P.&Willerslev, E.2004. Bayesian inference of the metazoan phylogeny: a combined molecular and morphological approach.Current biology14: 1644–1649.DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.027
• Halanych, K.M.2004. The new view of animal phylogeny.Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics35: 229–256.DOI:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130124PDFPDF
• Jenner, R.A.2004.Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters.Contributions to zoology73(1–2): 3–163.
• Leys, S.P.&Eerkes-Medrano, D.2005. Gastrulation in calcareous sponges: in search of Haeckel’s Gastraea.Integrative & comparative biology45: 342–351.DOI:10.1093/icb/45.2.342PDF
• Medina, M.,Collins, A.G.,Silberman, J.D.&Sogin, M.L.2001. Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA.PNAS98:9707–9712.DOI:10.1073/pnas.171316998JSTORPubMed
• Nielsen, C.2001.Animal evolution: interrelationships of the living phyla(2nd edition). Oxford University Press, New York.ISBN 0198506821ISBN 9780198506829
• Schierwater, B.&DeSalle, R.2007. Can we ever identify the Urmetazoan?Integrative and comparative biology47: 670–676.DOI:10.1093/icb/icm040
• Schierwater, B.et al.2009: Concatenated Analysis Sheds Light on Early Metazoan Evolution and Fuels a Modern “Urmetazoon” Hypothesis.PLoS Biol7(1): e1000020.DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000020
• Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.2003. Old trees, new trees: is there any progress?Zoology106: 291–301.DOI:10.1078/0944-2006-00128
• Sorensen, M.V.,Funch, P.,Willerslev, E.,Hansen, A.J.&Olesen J.2000. On the phylogeny of the metazoa in the light of Cycliophora and Micrognathozoa.Zoologischer anzeiger239: 297–318.
• Syed, T.,Gudo, M.&Gutmann, M.2007. The new animal phylogeny – dilemma or progress?Denisia(20): 295–312.
• Telford, M.J.2006. Animal phylogeny.Current biology16: R981-R985.DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.048
• Zrzavý, J.2002. Gastrotricha and metazoan phylogeny.Zoologica scripta32: 61–81.DOI:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00104.x

Zoological nomenclature/terminology

• Anon.2010.Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology Updated March 2010
• Bour, R.2010. Constant Duméril’sZoologie Analytiquewas published in 1805.Bionomina1: 56–57.Preview (PDF)PDF
• Carlos, C.J.&Voisin, J.-F.2009. A few remarks on the proposed amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication.Zootaxa2198: 67–68.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)
• Dubois, A.2007. Nomina zoologica linnaeana. Pp. 81–106in:Zhang, Z.-Q.&Shear, W.A.(eds.)Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy.Zootaxa1668: 1–766.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)
• Dubois, A.2008. Authors of zoological publications and nomina are signatures, not persons.Zootaxa1771: 63–68.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)
• Dubois, A.2009. Incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked taxa into theInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature:the nomenclatural status of class-series zoological nomina published in a non-Latinized form.Zootaxa2106: 1–12.Abstract & excerpt (PDF)
• Dubois, A.2010. Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care: problems related to the spellings of nomina.Zootaxa2426: 1–42.Preview (PDF)PDF
• Dubois, A.2010.Bionomina,a forum for the discussion of nomenclatural and terminological issues in biology.Bionomina1: 1–10.Preview (PDF)PDF
• Dubois, A.2011. TheInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclaturemust be drastically improved before it is too late.Bionomina2: 1–104.PreviewPDF
• Dubois, A.2012. The distinction between introduction of a new nomen and subsequent use of a previously introduced nomen in zoological nomenclature.Bionomina5: 57–80.Preview (PDF)
• Dubois, A.,Minelli, A.&Zhang, Z.-Q.2011. Recommendations about nomenclature for papers submitted toZootaxa.Zootaxa2943: 58–62.PreviewPDF
• Dubois, A.,Crochet, P.-A.,Dickinson, E.C.,Nemésio, A.,Aescht, E.,Bauer, A.M.,Blagoderov, V.,Bour, R.,Carvalho, M.R.,Desutter-Grandcolas, L.,Frétey, T.,Jäger, P.,Koyamba, V.,Lavilla, E.O.,Löbl, I.,Louchart, A.,Malécot, V.,Schatz, H.&Ohler, A.2013. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to the electronic publication of new nomina and nomenclatural acts in zoology, with brief comments on optical discs and on the situation in botany.Zootaxa3735(1): 1–94.DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3735.1.1Reference page.
• Flann, C.2011. BioCode: third time lucky?Zootaxa2874: 38–40.Preview (PDF)
• Hedges, S.B.2011. On the use of high-level taxonomic names.Zootaxa2867: 67–68.PreviewPDF
• Hoquet, T.2010. Why terms matter to biological theories: the term “origin” as used by Darwin.Bionomina1: 58–60.Preview (PDF)PDF
• ICZN1987:Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology.London: ICZN. ISBN: 0853010048
• ICZN2012. Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication.Zootaxa3450: 1–7.Preview (PDF).Full paper (PDF).Reference page.
• ICZN2012. Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication.ZooKeys219: 1–10.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.219.3944Reference page.
• Kuhn, J.H.&Wahl-Jensen, V.2010. Being obsessive-compulsive about terminology and nomenclature is not a vice, but a virtue.Bionomina1: 11–14.Preview (PDF)PDF
• Minelli, A.2013. Zoological nomenclature in the digital era.Frontiers in zoology10: 4.DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-10-4
• Nemésio, A.2011. Nomenclatural itchversuspatrolling itch: comments on O’Hara (2011).Zootaxa2986: 63–68.Preview (PDF)
• O’Hara, J.E.2011. Cyber nomenclaturalists and the “CESA itch”.Zootaxa2933: 57–64.PreviewPDF
• Sepkoski, J.J.2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera.Bulletins of American paleontology363: 1–560. [not seen]
• Steyskal, G.C.1970. On gender concord in binomina.Coleopterists bulletin24: 57–58.JSTOR
• Zhang, Z.-Q.2012. A new era in zoological nomenclature and taxonomy: ICZN accepts e-publication and launches ZooBank.Zootaxa3450: 8–8.Preview (PDF).Reference page.

Additional references

• Bigatti, G.&Signorelli, J.2018. Marine invertebrate biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic.ZooKeys791: 47–70.DOI:10.3897/zookeys.791.22587Reference page.
• Owen, I.L.2011. Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations.Zootaxa3143: 1–163.Preview (PDF)
• Schilthuizen, M.2013. Something gone awry: unsolved mysteries in the evolution of asymmetric animal genitalia.Animal Biology63: 1–20.DOI:10.1163/15707563-00002398Reference page.
• Sosa-Medina, T.,Vidal-Martínez, V.M.&Aguirre-Macedo, M.L.2015. Metazoan parasites of fishes from the Celestun coastal lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico.Zootaxa4007(4): 529–544.DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.4.Preview (PDF).Reference page.
• Tasso, V.,El Haddad, M.,Assadi, C.,Canales, R.,Aguirre, L.&Vélez-Zuazo, X.2018. Macrobenthic fauna from an upwelling coastal area of Peru (Warm Temperate South-eastern Pacific province -Humboldtian ecoregion).Biodiversity Data Journal6: e28937.DOI:10.3897/BDJ.6.e28937Reference page.

Links

• Animalia– Taxon details onAnimal Diversity Web(ADW).
• Animalia– Taxon details onCatalogue of Life(CoL).
• Animalia– Taxon details onEncyclopedia of Life(EOL).
• Animalia– Taxon details onEPPO code.
• Animalia– Taxon details onFauna Europaea.
• Animalia- Taxon details onFossiilid.info.
• Animalia– Taxon details onFossilworks.
• Animalia– Taxon details onGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF).
• Animalia- Taxon details oniNaturalist.

• Animalia– Taxon details onIndex to Organism Names(ION).

• Animalia– Taxon details onIntegrated Taxonomic Information System(ITIS).
• Animalia– Taxon details onThe Linnean Collections.
• Animalia– Taxon details onNew Zealand Organisms Register(NZOR).
• Animalia– Taxon details onUniversal Biological Indexer and Organizer(uBio).
• Animalia– Taxon details onWorld Register of Marine Species(WoRMS).

• BHL bibliography
• ZooBank:0EA9A33B-6B31-4551-B4E2-A772AAF96231

Vernacular names

Afrikaans:Diere
ak:Mbowa
Alemannisch:Tierer
aragonés:Animals
العربية:حيوانات
asturianu:Animal
অসমীয়া:প্রাণী
Boarisch:Viecher
беларуская:Жывёлы
български:Животни
भोजपुरी:जानवर
bamanankan:Bagan
বাংলা:প্রাণী
brezhoneg:Loen
bosanski:Životinje
català:Animal
Tsetsêhestâhese:Hova
corsu:Animali
Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ:ᐱᓯᐢᑭᐤ
čeština:Živočichové
Cymraeg:Anifeiliaid
dansk:Dyr
Deutsch:Tiere
Zazaki:Heywani
Ελληνικά:Ζώα
English:Animals
Esperanto:Bestoj
español:Animales
eesti:Loomad
euskara:Animaliak
فارسی:جانوران
suomi:Eläinkunta
føroyskt:Djór
arpetan:Animâl
Nordfriisk:Diarten
français:Animaux
Frysk:Dier
Gaeilge:Ainmhí
Gàidhlig:Beathach
galego:Animais
עברית:בעלי חיים
हिन्दी:जन्तु; जानवर; जीव; पशु; प्राणी
hrvatski:Životinje
magyar:Állatok
հայերեն:Կենդանիներ
interlingua:Animales
Bahasa Indonesia:Hewan
Ido:Animalo
íslenska:Dýr
italiano:Animali
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut:ᐆᒻᒪᔪᖅ
Nhật Bản ngữ:Động vật giới
ქართული:ცხოველები
ភាសាខ្មែរ:សត្វ
ಕನ್ನಡ:ಪ್ರಾಣಿ
한국어:동물계( động vật giới )
kurdî:Candar
kernowek:Enyval
Lëtzebuergesch:Déiereräich
Limburgs:Diere
lietuvių:Gyvūnai
latviešu:Dzīvnieki
Malagasy:Biby
македонски:Животни
मराठी:प्राणी
Bahasa Melayu:Haiwan
မြန်မာဘာသာ:တိရစ္ဆာန်
مازِرونی:جانورون
Nāhuatl:Yōlcatl
Plattdüütsch:Beester
Nederlands:Dieren
norsk nynorsk:Dyr
norsk:Dyr
Nouormand:Animâ
occitan:Animals
ଓଡ଼ିଆ:ପ୍ରାଣୀ
Kapampangan:Animal
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ:ਜਾਨਵਰ
polski:zwierzęta
português:Animais
Runa Simi:Uywa
română:Animale
русский:Животные
sicilianu:Armali
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски:Životinje
slovenčina:Živočíchy
slovenščina:Živali
српски / srpski:Животиња
Sunda:Sato
svenska:Djur
தமிழ்:விலங்கு
ไทย:สัตว์
Tagalog:Hayop
Türkçe:Hayvanlar
українська:Тварини
اردو:جانور
oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча:Hayvonlar
Tiếng Việt:Động vật
West-Vlams:Bêeste
ייִדיש:בעלי־חיים
Tiếng Trung ( giản thể ):Động vật giới
Tiếng Trung ( phồn thể ):Động vật giới
Tiếng Quảng Đông:Động vật giới

For more multimedia, look atAnimaliaonWikimedia Commons.

Wikibookshas aDichotomous Keyrelated to this taxonAnimalia.