Бенџамин Френклин

Бенџамин Френклин
Бенџамин Френклин
Лични подаци
Датум рођења	(1706-01-17)17. јануар 1706.
Место рођења	Бостон,Британска Америка
Датум смрти	17. април 1790.(1790-04-17) (84 год.)
Место смрти	Филаделфија,САД
Потпис

Бенџамин Френклин(енгл.Benjamin Franklin;Бостон,17. јануар1706—Филаделфија,17. април1790) је биоамеричкинаучник и политичар, борац за слободу човека, учесник уАмеричком рату за независност,један од твораца „Декларације о независности“и америчког устава, плодан писац, штампар и проналазач.Рођен је у Бостону, држава Масачусетс. Као научник познат је као изумитељгромобранаи открића тока и карактеристикаГолфске струје.Поред громобрана пронашао је Франклинову пећ, бифокалне наочари и направио је прву машину за умножавање. Први је увео улично осветљење и реорганизовао је амерички поштански систем.Његов најпознатији научни рад, везан је за електрицитет. Развио је модел електричне струје као флуида схватајући да је она у ствари кретање наелектрисаних честица. Основао је прву јавнубиблиотекууАмерици,филозофско друштвоПенсилванијеи „Академију “која је прерасла уУниверзитет Пенсилваније.За њега се везује и чувени експеримент са пуштањем змаја. Тада је доказао да је гром једна врста електричне варнице.

Види још

• Бен и ја,Дизнијевцртани филм

Литература

• Burt, Nathaniel (1999).The Perennial Philadelphians: The Anatomy of an American Aristocracy.University of Pennsylvania Press. стр. 142.ISBN978-0-8122-1693-6.

Биографије

• Becker, Carl Lotus."Benjamin Franklin",Dictionary of American Biography(1931) – vol 3, with linksonlineАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(16. март 2010)
• Brands, H.W..Brands, H. W. (2000).The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin.Knopf Doubleday Publishing.ISBN978-0-385-49540-0.
• Crane, Vernon W (1954).Benjamin Franklin and a rising people.short biography by a scholar; online free
• Franklin, Benjamin.The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin;many editions
• Gaustad, Edwin S. (2006).Benjamin Franklin.ISBN978-0-19-530535-7.doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305357.001.0001.CS1 одржавање: Датум и година (веза).online
• Isaacson, Walter(2003).Benjamin Franklin: An American Life.New York: Simon & Schuster.ISBN978-0-7432-6084-8.,popular biography;online free
• Ketcham, Ralph (1966).Benjamin Franklin.228 pp, short biography by scholar
• Lemay, J.A. Leo.The Life of Benjamin Franklin,scholarly biography, 3 volumes appeared before the author's death in 2008
  • Volume 1: Journalist, 1706–1730.568 pp. 2005.ISBN978-0-8122-3854-9.
  • Volume 2: Printer and Publisher, 1730–1747.664 pp. 2005.ISBN978-0-8122-3855-6.
  • Volume 3: Soldier, Scientist, and Politician, 1748–1757(2008), 768 pp.ISBN978-0-8122-4121-1.
• Morgan, Edmund S.Benjamin Franklin(2003), interpretation by leading scholaronline free
• Schiff, Stacy,A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America,(2005) Henry Holt
• James Srodes,Franklin, The Essential Founding Father,(2002, softcover 2003, Regnery History)ISBN978-0-89526-163-2
• Van Doren, Carl(1938).Benjamin Franklin.Viking.ISBN978-1-931541-85-5.,Pulitzer Prize winning biography;online free
• Wood, Gordon.Wood, Gordon S. (2005).The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin.Penguin.ISBN978-0-14-303528-2.,intellectual history by leading historian.
• Wright, Esmond.Wright, Esmond (1986).Franklin of Philadelphia.Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-31810-6.– scholarly study

За младе читаоце

• Asimov, Isaac.The Kite That Won the Revolution,a biography for children that focuses on Franklin's scientific and diplomatic contributions.
• Fleming, Candace.Ben Franklin's Almanac: Being a True Account of the Good Gentleman's Life..Atheneum/Anne Schwart, 128 pp. 2003.ISBN978-0-689-83549-0..

Научна истраживања

• Anderson, Douglas (1997).The Radical Enlightenments of Benjamin Franklin.– fresh look at the intellectual roots of Franklin
• Buxbaum, M.H., ed.Critical Essays on Benjamin Franklin(1987)
• Chaplin, Joyce (2007).The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius.
• Cohen, I. Bernard.Benjamin Franklin's Science(1990) – Cohen, the leading specialist, has several books on Franklin's science
• Conner, Paul W (1965).Poor Richard's Politicks..– analyzes Franklin's ideas in terms of the Enlightenment and republicanism
• Dull, Jonathan (2010).Benjamin Franklin and the American Revolution.
• Dull, Jonathan (1985).A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution.
• Dray, Philip.Stealing God's Thunder: Benjamin Franklin's Lightning Rod and the Invention of America.(2005). 279 pp.
• Ford, Paul Leicester (1899).The Many-Sided Franklin.online edition– collection of scholarly essays
  • "Franklin as Printer and Publisher"inThe Century(April 1899) v. 57 pp. 803–18.
  • "Franklin as Scientist"inThe Century(September 1899) v.57 pp. 750–63. By Paul Leicester Ford.
  • "Franklin as Politician and Diplomatist"inThe Century(October 1899) v. 57 pp. 881–99. By Paul Leicester Ford.
• Gleason, Philip. "Trouble in the Colonial Melting Pot."Journal of American Ethnic History2000 20(1): 3–17.
• Houston, Alan (2009).Benjamin Franklin and the Politics of Improvement.
• Lemay, J.A. Leo, ed.Reappraising Benjamin Franklin: A Bicentennial Perspective(1993) – scholarly essays
• Mathews, L.K. "Benjamin Franklin's Plans for a Colonial Union, 1750–1775."American Political Science Review8 (August 1914): 393–412.
• McCoy, Drew R.(1978).„Benjamin Franklin's Vision of a Republican Political Economy for America”.William and Mary Quarterly.35(4): 607—28.JSTOR1923207.doi:10.2307/1923207.
• Merli, Frank J., and Theodore A. Wilson, eds.Makers of American diplomacy, from Benjamin Franklin to Henry Kissinger(1974)online free
• Newman, Simon P. "Benjamin Franklin and the Leather-Apron Men: The Politics of Class in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia",Journal of American Studies,August 2009, Vol. 43#2 pp. 161–75; Franklin took pride in his working class origins and his printer's skills.
• Olson, Lester C (2004).Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology..323 pp.
• Schiffer, Michael Brian (2003).Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment..383 pp.
• Stuart Sherman "Franklin"1918 article on Franklin's writings.
• Skemp, Sheila L (1994).Benjamin and William Franklin: Father and Son, Patriot and Loyalist.– Ben's son was a leading Loyalist
• Sletcher, Michael. 'Domesticity: The Human Side of Benjamin Franklin',Magazine of History,XXI (2006).
• Waldstreicher, David.Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution.Hill and Wang, 2004. 315 pp.
• Walters, Kerry S.Benjamin Franklin and His Gods.(1999). 213 pp. Takes position midway between D H Lawrence's brutal 1930 denunciation of Franklin's religion as nothing more than a bourgeois commercialism tricked out in shallow utilitarian moralisms andOwen Aldridge's sympathetic 1967 treatment of the dynamism and protean character of Franklin's "polytheistic" religion.
• York, Neil. "When Words Fail: William Pitt, Benjamin Franklin and the Imperial Crisis of 1766",Parliamentary History,October 2009, Vol. 28#3 pp. 341–74

Историографија

• Waldstreicher, David, ed (2011).A Companion to Benjamin Franklin.CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза)CS1 одржавање: Текст вишка: списак аутора (веза),25 essays by scholars emphasizing how historians have handled Franklin.

Примарни извори

• Silence Dogood, The Busy-Body, & Early Writings(J.A. Leo Lemay, ed.) (Library of America,1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume).ISBN978-1-931082-22-8.
• Autobiography, Poor Richard, & Later Writings(J.A. Leo Lemay, ed.) (Library of America,1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume).ISBN978-1-883011-53-6.
• Bailyn, Bernard, (1992).The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution.CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза)
• Benjamin Franklin papers, M.S. Coll. 900, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.Finding aid
• Bailly, Jean-Sylvain (2002).„Secret report on mesmerism or animal magnetism”.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.50(4): 364—368.PMID12362952.S2CID143420875.doi:10.1080/00207140208410110.
• Franklin, Benjamin; Majault; Roy, Le; Sallin; Bailly, Jean-Sylvain; d'Arcet; Bory, De; Guillotin, Joseph-Ignace; Lavoisier, Antoine (2002).„Report of the commissioners charged by the king with the examination of animal magnetism”.International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.50(4): 332—363.PMID12362951.S2CID36506710.doi:10.1080/00207140208410109.
• The Papers of Benjamin Franklinonline, Sponsored by The American Philosophical Society and Yale University
• Benjamin Franklin Readeredited by Walter Isaacson (2003)
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiographyedited by J.A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall, (Norton Critical Editions, 1986); 390 pp. text, contemporary documents and 20th century analysis
• Houston, Alan, ур. (2004).Franklin: The Autobiography and other Writings on Politics, Economics, and Virtue.Cambridge University Press..371 pp.
• Ketcham, Ralph, ed.The Political Thought of Benjamin Franklin.(1965, reprinted 2003). 459 pp.
• Leonard Labaree, and others., eds.,The Papers of Benjamin Franklin,39 vols. to date (1959–2008), definitive edition, through 1783. This massive collection of BF's writings, and letters to him, is available in large academic libraries. It is most useful for detailed research on specific topics.The complete text of all the documents are online and searchable;TheIndexis also onlineна сајтуWayback Machine(архивирано 2010-09-28).
• The Way to Wealth.Applewood Books. 1986.ISBN978-0-918222-88-6.
• Poor Richard's Almanack.Peter Pauper Press. 1983.ISBN978-0-88088-918-6.
• Poor Richard Improvedby Benjamin Franklin (1751)
• Writings (Franklin).ISBN978-0-940450-29-5.
• "On Marriage."
• "Satires and Bagatelles."
• "A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain."
• "Fart Proudly:Writings of Benjamin Franklin You Never Read in School."Carl Japikse, Ed. Frog Ltd.; Reprint ed. 2003.ISBN978-1-58394-079-2.
• "Heroes of America Benjamin Franklin."
• "Experiments and Observations on Electricity."(1751)

Спољашње везе

• Lesson plans for high schoolsАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(21. децембар 2018) from National Endowment for the Humanities
• Benjamin Franklin and ElectrostaticsАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(14. август 2017) experiments and Franklin's electrical writings from Wright Center for Science Education
• Animated Hero Classics: Benjamin Franklin (1993)на сајтуIMDb(језик: енглески)
• Franklin's impact on medicine– talk by medical historian, Dr. Jim Leavesley celebrating the 300th anniversary of Franklin's birth onOkham's RazorABCRadio National– December 2006
• Бенџамин Френклинна сајтуFind a Grave
• Benjamin Franklin Papers, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania.

Биографије и водичи

• Special Report: Citizen Ben's Greatest VirtuesАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(4. јул 2003) Time Magazine
• Biographyat theBiographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Finding Franklin: A Resource GuideLibrary of Congress
• Guide to Benjamin FranklinАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(16. март 2010) By a history professor at the University of Illinois.
• Benjamin Franklin: An extraordinary lifePBS
• Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776–1785US State Department
• The Electric Benjamin Franklinushistory.org
• Benjamin Franklin: A Documentary Historyby J.A. Leo Lemay
• Benjamin Franklin 1706–1790Архивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(29. март 2010) Text of biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
• Cooperative Hall of Fame testimonialfor founding thePhiladelphia Contributionship
• Online edition of Franklin's personal library
• Chisholm, Hugh, ур. (1911). „Franklin, Benjamin”.Encyclopædia Britannica(на језику: енглески) (11 изд.). Cambridge University Press.
• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F.„Бенџамин Френклин”.MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.University of St Andrews.
• "Writings of Benjamin Franklin"fromC-SPAN'sAmerican Writers: A Journey Through History

Онлајн списи

• Yale edition of complete works,the standard scholarly edition
  • Founders Online, searchable edition
• Benjamin Franklinна сајтуПројекат Гутенберг(језик: енглески)
• Бенџамин Френклинна сајтуInternet Archive(језик: енглески)
• Бенџамин Френклинна сајтуLibriVox(језик: енглески)
• Online Works by Franklin
• "Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout"Creative Commons audio recording.
• American Institute of PhysicsАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(23. март 2010) —Letter IV: Farther ExperimentsАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(30. септембар 2009) (PDF), andLetter XI: Observations in electricityАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(30. септембар 2009) (PDF)
• Franklin's 13 VirtuesExtract of Franklin's autobiography, compiled by Paul Ford.
• Franklin's Last Will & TestamentTranscription.
• Library of Congress web resource:Benjamin Franklin... In His Own Words
• "A Silence Dogood Sampler" – Selections from Franklin's Silence Dogood writings
• Abridgement of the Book of Common Prayer (1773), by Benjamin Franklin and Francis Dashwood,transcribed by Richard Mammana

Аутобиографија

• The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinSingle page version,UShistory.org
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklinfrom American Studies at the University of Virginia
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklinat Project Gutenberg
• The Autobiography of Benjamin FranklinLibriVox recording

У уметности

• Benjamin Franklin 300 (1706–2006)Архивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(20. август 2008) Official web site of the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary.
• Historical Society of Pennsylvania Collection of Benjamin Franklin Papers,including correspondence, government documents, writings and a copy of his will, are available for research use at theHistorical Society of Pennsylvania.
• The Benjamin Franklin HouseFranklin's only surviving residence.
• Ben Franklin BirthplaceA historic site, link provides location and map.
• Benjamin Franklin and musicАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(16. септембар 2019)
• "Benjamin Franklin",a poem byFlorence Earle Coates

Спољашњи видео-запис

Presentation by H.W. Brands onThe First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin,October 5, 2000,C-SPAN

Presentation by Walter Isaacson onBenjamin Franklin: An American Life,July 22, 2003,C-SPAN

Presentation by Edmund S. Morgan onBenjamin Franklin,November 12, 2002,[lC-SPAN

Presentation by Stacy Schiff onA Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America,April 12, 2005,C-SPAN

Booknotesinterview with James Srodes onFranklin: The Essential Founding Father,May 19, 2002,C-SPAN

Interview with Gordon S. Wood onThe Americanization of Benjamin Franklin,June 4, 2004,C-SPAN video7 =Panel discussion on Franklin with Walter Isaacson, Gordon Wood, and Stacy Schiff, hosted by Jim Lehrer, January 8, 2006,C-SPAN