Diplopode
Diplopoda Vremenski raspon:silurdosadašnjosti
Kasni | |
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Reprezentativna selekcija stonoga (nisu u srazmeri) | |
Naučna klasifikacija![]() | |
Domen: | Eukaryota |
Carstvo: | Animalia |
Tip: | Arthropoda |
Podtip: | Myriapoda |
Klasa: | Diplopoda De BlainvilleuGervais,1844 |
Podklase | |
Diverzitet | |
16 redova, oko 12.000 vrsta |
Diplopodasu najobimnija grupastonoga.Poznato je oko 12.000 vrsta koje su najbrojnije utropskimpredelima
Opis i građa
[уреди|уреди извор]Telo im je cilindrično, diferencirano naglavu,grudi iabdomen.Abdomen je građen od udvojenih segmenata i ekstremiteta po čemu su i dobile ime. Glava diplopoda je jasno izražena. Na njoj se nalaze kratke antene sa po 7 – 9 članaka.Očisu im građene od skupina prostih očiju (ocela). Usta su im okruženamandibulamakoje su snažne i složeno grđene. Iza mandibula se nalazi gnatohilarijum. Gnatohilarijum na distalnoj ivici nosi nekolikotuberkulakoje služe kao čulaukusai za pridržavanje delova hrane. Iza glave se nalaze četiri segmenta koji nisu udvojeni pa se ovaj deo označava kao grudni (thorax). Prvi segment (collum) je bez ekstremiteta. On je krupan i specifične morfologije, označava se i kao vratni segment. Sledeća tri segmenta imaju po par ekstremiteta. Na trećem segmentu toraksa se nalazi parni polni otvor, pa se on označava kao i genitalni. Iza segmenata grudi sledi serija diplosegmenata sa po dva para ekstremiteta. Na zadnjem segmentu, pigidijumu nalazi se analni otvor.Respiratorni sistemje građen odtrahejakoje se otvaraju parnim stigmama sa ventralne strane. Stigme vode u trahejne cevčice koje se granaju po celom telu. Ekskreciju vrše parni Malpigijevi sudovi koji su vrlo dugi.Nervni sistemje lestvičast kao i kod ostalih stonoga, samo što suganglijeu diplosegmentima abdomena udvojene. Od čula imaju dobro razvijene oči, građene od skupina ocela. Većina diplopoda je negativno fototropna. Antene imaju senzitivne dlačice za precepciju mehaničkih draži. Pored njih na antenama se nalaze hemoreceptori koji su razvijeni i na gnatohilarijumu.[1]
Stanište i distribucija
[уреди|уреди извор]Nastanjuju sve kontinente osimAntarktika.Naseljavaju skoro sva terestrična staništa u rasponu odarktičkog krugana severu doArgentinskeprovincijeSanta Kruzna jugu. Tipični su stanovnici šumskog tla, žive u opalom lišću, trulim stablima ili u zemlji pod uslovom da stanište vlažno. Najbrojnije su u vlažnim šumamaumerene zonegde mogu da dostignu gustinu od preko 1,000 individua po metru kvadratnom.[2][3][4][5]
Ishrana
[уреди|уреди извор]Za većinuDiplopodaje karakteristično da se hrane biljnom hranom koju grickaju složenim mandibulama. Neke tropske vrste su zoofagne i hrane se sitnimbeskičmenjacima.[1]
Sistematika
[уреди|уреди извор]U okviru klaseDiplopodase izdvajaju dve potklase sa više redova:PselaphognathaiChilognatha.Pselaphognathaobuhvata oko 100 vrsta sitnih diplopoda koje su klasifikovane u familijuPolyxenidae.U okviru potklaseChilognathaizdvajaju se tri nadreda:Opisthandria,ColobognathaiProterandria.[1]
Familije
[уреди|уреди извор]- AbacionidaeShelley, 1979
- AdritylidaeShear, 1971
- AllopocockiidaeKeeton, 1960
- AndrognathidaeCope, 1869
- AphelidesmidaeBrolemann, 1916
- AprosphylosomatidaeHoffman, 1961
- ApterouridaeLoomis, 1966
- AtopetholidaeChamberlin, 1918
- BlaniulidaeKoch, 1847
- BranneriidaeCook, 1896
- CambalidaeBollman, 1893
- CambalopsidaeCook, 1895
- CaseyidaeVerhoeff, 1909
- ChelodesmidaeCook, 1895
- ChelojulidaeEnghoff, 1991
- ChoctellidaeChamberlin & Hoffman, 1950
- CleidogonidaeCook, 1896
- ConotylidaeCook, 1896
- CraspedosomatidaeGray, 1843
- CryptodesmidaeKarsch, 1880
- CyrtodesmidaeCook, 1896
- DorsoporidaeLoomis, 1958
- EurymerodesmidaeCausey, 1951
- EuryuridaePocock, 1909
- FloridobolidaeKeeton, 1959
- FuhrmannodesmidaeBrolemann, 1916
- GlomeridaeLeach, 1815
- GlomeridesmidaeLatzel, 1884
- HaplodesmidaeCook, 1895
- HirudisomatidaeSilvestri, 1896
- HolistophallidaeSilvestri, 1909
- JulidaeLeach, 1814
- LophoproctidaeSilvestri, 1897
- MacrosternodesmidaeBrolemann, 1916
- MessicobolidaeLoomis, 1968
- NearctodesmidaeChamberlin & Hoffman, 1950
- NemasomatidaeBollman, 1893
- OkeanobatidaeVerhoeff, 1942
- OniscodesmidaeDeSaussure, 1860
- PachybolidaeCook, 1897
- PaeromopodidaeCook, 1895
- ParadoxosomatidaeDaday, 1889
- ParajulidaeBollman, 1893
- PlatydesmidaeDeSaussure, 1860
- PlatyrhacidaePocock, 1895
- PolydesmidaeLeach, 1815
- PolyxenidaeLucas, 1840
- PolyzoniidaeNewport, 1844
- PseudonannolenidaeSilvestri, 1895
- PseudospirobolellidaeBrolemann, 1913
- PyrgodesmidaeSilvestri, 1896
- RhachodesmidaeCarl, 1903
- RhinocricidaeBrolemann, 1913
- RhiscosomididaeSilvestri, 1909
- SchizopetalidaeVerhoeff, 1909
- SiphoniulidaePocock, 1894
- SiphonophoridaeNewport, 1844
- SiphonorhinidaeCook, 1895
- SiphonotidaeCook, 1895
- SphaeriodesmidaeHumbert & DeSaussure, 1869
- SpirobolellidaeBrolemann, 1913
- SpirobolidaeBollman, 1893
- SpirostreptidaeBrandt, 1833
- StemmiulidaePocock, 1894
- StriariidaeBollman, 1893
- TelsonemasomatidaeEnghoff, 1991
- TingupidaeLoomis, 1966
- TrichopetalidaeVerhoeff, 1914
- TridontomidaeLoomis & Hoffman, 1962
- TrigoniulidaeAttems, 1909
- TyphlobolellidaeHoffman, 1980
- UrochordeumatidaeSilvestri, 1909
- XystodesmidaeCook, 1895
- ZosteractinidaeLoomis, 1943
Rodovi
[уреди|уреди извор]- AbacionRafinesque, 1820
- AceratophallusCarl, 1902
- AchemenidesShear, 1971
- AchromoporusLoomis, 1936
- AcutangulusAttems, 1898
- AdritylaCausey, 1961
- AenigmopusLoomis & Hoffman, 1962
- AgenodesmusLoomis, 1934
- AirocaulonLoomis, 1964
- AkamptogonusAttems, 1914
- AlakeneChamberlin, 1941
- AlcimobolusLoomis, 1936
- AliulusCausey, 1950
- AllajulusKoch, 1847
- AllarithmusAttems, 1933
- AllopocockiaBrolemann, 1913
- AlocodesmusSilvestri, 1896
- AmeractisCausey, 1959
- AmphelictogonChamberlin, 1918
- AmplinusAttems, 1898
- AnadenobolusSilvestri, 1897
- AndrognathusCope, 1869
- AnelusCook, 1911
- AniulusChamberlin, 1940
- AnombrocheirBuckett & Gardner, 1969
- AntillodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- AntrogonodesmusHoffman, 1959
- ApacheiulusLoomis, 1968
- AphelidesmusBrolemann, 1898
- ApheloriaChamberlin, 1921
- AporodesminusSilvestri, 1904
- AprosphylosomaHoffman, 1961
- ApterourusLoomis, 1966
- ArchiboreoiulusBrolemann, 1921
- ArinolusChamberlin, 1940
- ArolusChamberlin, 1922
- ArvechambusCausey, 1963
- AsiomorphaVerhoeff, 1939
- AtopetholusChamberlin, 1918
- AuracricusPérez-Asso, 1998
- AustrotylaCausey, 1961
- AuturusChamberlin, 1942
- AztecolusChamberlin, 1943
- BarrodesmusChamberlin, 1940
- BarydesmusCook, 1896
- BdellozoniumCook & Loomis, 1928
- BeatadesmusLoomis, 1934
- BerlesedesmusLoomis, 1975
- BiaporusLoomis, 1941
- BidentogonBuckett & Gardner, 1968
- BistolodesmusShelley, 1994
- BlancosomaShear & Hubbard, 1998
- BlaniulusGervais, 1836
- BollmanellaChamberlin, 1941
- BollmaniulusVerhoeff, 1926
- BonetesmusChamberlin, 1942
- BorariaChamberlin, 1943
- BotrydesmusLoomis, 1934
- BrachoriaChamberlin, 1939
- BrachycybeWood, 1864
- BrachyiulusBerlese, 1884
- BranneriaBollman, 1893
- BrevigonusShelley, 1980
- BrunsoniaLoomis & Schmitt, 1971
- BuotusChamberlin, 1940
- BuwatiaChamberlin, 1912
- BuzoniumCook & Loomis, 1928
- CabracaShear, 1982
- CaliactisShelley, 1996
- CalianotusShelley, 1997
- CaliforniulusVerhoeff, 1938
- CalymmodesmusCarl, 1914
- CalyptodesmusSchubart, 1944
- CambalaGray, 1832
- CambalommaLoomis, 1941
- CaraibodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- CaralindaHoffman, 1978
- CarambaShear, 1977
- CaseyaCook & Collins, 1895
- CatapleuradesmusLoomis, 1964
- CentrelusCook, 1911
- CeuthauxusChamberlin, 1942
- ChaetaspisBollman, 1887
- CheirogonusHoffman, 1982
- CheiropusLoomis, 1944
- ChelogonobolusCarl, 1919
- ChelojulusEnghoff, 1982
- CherokiaChamberlin, 1949
- ChicobolusChamberlin, 1947
- ChilaphrodesmusLoomis, 1934
- ChirripeckiaHoffman, 1976
- ChoctellaChamberlin, 1918
- ChonapheCook, 1904
- ChondrodesmusSilvestri, 1897
- ChondromorphaSilvestri, 1897
- ChondrotropisLoomis, 1936
- ChoneiulusBrolemann, 1921
- ChromodesmusLoomis, 1976
- ChytodesmusCook, 1896
- CleidogonaCook, 1895
- CleptoriaChamberlin, 1939
- CoccoelasmaLoomis, 1936
- CodiulusChamberlin, 1940
- ColactisLoomis, 1937
- ColactoidesShelley, 1997
- ColobodesmusBrolemann, 1905
- ComanchelusHoffman & Orcutt, 1960
- ConotylaCook & Collins, 1895
- CorypusLoomis & Schmitt, 1971
- CraspedosomaLeach, 1814
- CraterodesmusLoomis, 1941
- CroataniaShelley, 1977
- CryptocoryphaAttems, 1907
- CryptymaChamberlin, 1943
- CubodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- CurodesmusChamberlin, 1922
- CyclodesmusHumbert & DeSaussure, 1869
- CyclopsodesmusLoomis, 1964
- CyclothyrophorusPocock, 1908
- CylindrodesmusPocock, 1889
- CylindrogonusLoomis, 1964
- CylindroiulusVerhoeff, 1894
- CylindromusLoomis, 1977
- CylionusCook, 1898
- CynedesmusCook, 1895
- CyphodesmusPeters, 1864
- CyphotylusLoomis, 1936
- CyrtapheLoomis, 1936
- CyrtodesmusGervais, 1847
- DarlingtoniellaLoomis, 1938
- DecaporodesmusKenyon, 1899
- DelophonChamberlin, 1943
- DeltotariaCausey, 1942
- DesmethusChamberlin, 1922
- DesmonusCook, 1898
- DiactisLoomis, 1937
- DiaphanacmeLoomis, 1964
- DicellariusChamberlin, 1920
- DicropusLoomis, 1972
- DilophopsLoomis, 1934
- DiuncustomaShelley, 1997
- DixioriaChamberlin, 1947
- DocodesmiellaLoomis, 1961
- DocodesmusCook, 1896
- DoileneChamberlin, 1941
- DorsoporusLoomis, 1958
- DuoporusCook, 1901
- DybasiaLoomis, 1964
- DynoriaChamberlin, 1939
- ElcarmeniaKraus, 1954
- EllipodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- EnantiogonusLoomis, 1961
- EndereLoomis, 1938
- EpinannoleneBrolemann, 1903
- ErdelyiaHoffman, 1962
- ErgeneChamberlin, 1943
- ErgodesmusChamberlin, 1949
- EthojulusChamberlin, 1918
- EurelusChamberlin, 1941
- EurhinocricusBrolemann, 1903
- EurymerodesmusBrolemann, 1900
- EuryurusKoch, 1847
- EusphaeriodesmusBrolemann, 1916
- EutynellusChamberlin, 1940
- EutyporhachisPocock, 1909
- ExallostethusHoffman, 1975
- FalloriaHoffman, 1948
- FennelliaLoomis, 1941
- FloreaShelley, 1996
- FloridobolusCausey, 1957
- FomentocricusPérez-Asso, 1998
- FurcillariaShelley, 1981
- GeorgiulusHoffman, 1992
- GlomeridesmusGervais, 1844
- GlomeroidesChamberlin, 1922
- GlyphiulusGervais, 1847
- GonoessaShelley, 1984
- GosiulusChamberlin, 1940
- GosodesmusChamberlin, 1922
- GranmadesmusPérez-Asso, 1996
- GyalostethusHoffman, 1965
- GyniulusLoomis, 1963
- HaitobolusMauriès & Hoffman, 1998
- HakiulusChamberlin, 1940
- HaplocyclodesmusAttems, 1940
- HarpagonopusLoomis, 1960
- HarpapheCook, 1904
- HenicomusLoomis, 1941
- HeptiumLoomis, 1937
- HeteropenteLoomis, 1933
- HexadesmusLoomis, 1933
- HiltoniusChamberlin, 1918
- HolistophallusSilvestri, 1909
- HybocestusHoffman, 1959
- HypselodesmusLoomis, 1941
- HypsiloporusLoomis, 1961
- IdagonaBuckett & Gardner, 1967
- IdiurodesmusSilvestri, 1924
- IdrionariaShelley, 1996
- IllacmeCook & Loomis, 1928
- IlliniurusShear, 1968
- IomoidesLoomis, 1934
- IomusCook, 1911
- IrazunusAttems, 1933
- IrogonusLoomis, 1964
- IsapheCook, 1904
- IschnocybeCook & Loomis, 1928
- IschnosphaeriodesmusBrolemann, 1916
- IsoporostreptusSilvestri, 1898
- JeekeliaLoomis, 1941
- JobocricusPérez-Asso, 1998
- JulusLinnaeus, 1758
- KapyrodesmusAttems, 1940
- KarukeromusMauriès, 1980
- KepolydesmusChamberlin, 1910
- LasiomazusLoomis, 1941
- LeiocricusLoomis, 1936
- LeiodereLoomis, 1938
- LeiogonopusLoomis, 1964
- LeiomodesmusLoomis, 1938
- LeptogoniulusSilvestri, 1897
- LigiodesmusPocock, 1909
- LignydesmusCook, 1896
- LiomusChamberlin, 1950
- LitiulusChamberlin, 1940
- LobodesmusLoomis, 1936
- LoomisiolaHoffman, 1979
- LophocyclusLoomis, 1936
- LophodesmusPocock, 1894
- LophomusLoomis & Schmitt, 1971
- LophoproctinusSilvestri, 1948
- LophoturusBrolemann, 1931
- LourdesiaShelley, 1991
- LyrraneaHoffman, 1963
- MacromastusLoomis & Schmitt, 1971
- MacroxenodesSilvestri, 1948
- MaderesmusChamberlin, 1943
- MannobolusLoomis, 1968
- MayastreptusHoffman, 1998
- MessicobolusBrolemann, 1913
- MestosomaSilvestri, 1897
- MetaphallusChamberlin, 1952
- MetaxycheirBuckett & Gardner, 1969
- MetopionaGardner & Shelley, 1989
- MexicambalaCausey, 1964
- MexicoiulusVerhoeff, 1926
- MexiconiumShelley, 1996
- MexidesmusLoomis, 1976
- MexiterpesCausey, 1963
- MitocybeCook & Loomis, 1928
- MontapheChamberlin, 1949
- MoreleneChamberlin, 1943
- MotyxiaChamberlin, 1941
- MulaikiulusChamberlin, 1941
- MyrmecodesmusSilvestri, 1910
- NannariaChamberlin, 1918
- NannoleneBollman, 1887
- NanorrhacusCook, 1896
- NarceusRafinesque, 1820
- NearctodesmusSilvestri, 1910
- NeoleptodesmusCarl, 1903
- NesobolusChamberlin, 1918
- NopoiulusMenge, 1851
- NyssodesmusCook, 1896
- OchrogrammaGardner & Shelley, 1989
- OchthocelataShelley, 1995
- OctoglenaWood, 1864
- OdachurusLoomis, 1938
- OenomaeaHoffman, 1964
- OkeanobatesVerhoeff, 1939
- OkliulusCausey, 1950
- OnomerisCook, 1896
- OnychelusCook, 1904
- OodedesmusLoomis, 1960
- OphiodesmusCook, 1895
- OphyiulusBerlese, 1884
- OpionaChamberlin, 1951
- OrinisobatesLohmander, 1932
- OriulusChamberlin, 1940
- OropheChamberlin, 1951
- OrthoporusSilvestri, 1897
- OxidusCook, 1911
- OxypygeSilvestri, 1896
- OxypygidesChamberlin, 1922
- PachydesmusCook, 1895
- PachygonopusLoomis, 1964
- PaeromopusKarsch, 1881
- PaiteyaChamberlin, 1910
- PammicrophallusPocock, 1909
- ParajulusHumbert & DeSaussure, 1869
- PararhachistesPocock, 1909
- ParcipromusShelley, 1995
- ParvulodesmusShelley, 1983
- PeckfiskiaLoomis, 1969
- PenteporusLoomis, 1936
- PeridontodesmusSilvestri, 1896
- PetaserpesCope, 1870
- PetenobolusLoomis, 1968
- PharodereLoomis, 1938
- PheniulusChamberlin, 1943
- PhreatodesmusLoomis, 1960
- PhylactophallusPocock, 1909
- PiedolusChamberlin, 1930
- PinesmusChamberlin, 1943
- PlatydereLoomis, 1938
- PlatydesmusLucas, 1843
- PlatyurodesmusLoomis, 1977
- PlesioproctusCondé, 1964
- PleurolomaRafinesque, 1820
- PlicatodesmusPérez-Asso, 1995
- PlumatylaShear, 1972
- PodiscodesmusLoomis, 1941
- PolydesmusLatreille, 1802/1803
- PolylepiscusPocock, 1909
- PolyxenusLatreille, 1802/1803
- PoratiaCook & Cook, 1894
- PoratioidesLoomis, 1970
- PozodesmusShear, 1986
- PrionogonusShelley, 1982
- ProaspisLoomis, 1941
- ProeilodesmusHoffman, 1990
- ProsopodesmusSilvestri, 1910
- ProstemmiulusSilvestri, 1916
- ProteroiulusSilvestri, 1897
- PsammodesmusCook, 1896
- PseudojulusBollman, 1887
- PseudopolydesmusAttems, 1898
- PseudospirobolellusCarl, 1912
- PseudotremiaCope, 1869
- PsochodesmusCook, 1896
- PterygiodesmusLoomis, 1936
- PtyoiulusCook, 1895
- QuisquiciaLoomis, 1936
- ReddellobusCausey, 1973
- RettenmeyeriaLoomis, 1959
- RhachidomorphaDeSaussure, 1860
- RhachodesmusCook, 1895
- RhaphandraLoomis, 1966
- RhinocricusKarsch, 1881
- RhinotusCook, 1896
- RhiscosomidesSilvestri, 1909
- RhysodesmusCook, 1895
- RicodesmusChamberlin, 1922
- RudiloriaCausey, 1955
- SaiulusChamberlin, 1940
- SakophallusChamberlin, 1942
- SalvadoriaKraus, 1954
- SarolepisLoomis, 1964
- SchistidesChamberlin, 1922
- SchmidtolusChamberlin, 1953
- ScobinomusLoomis, 1953
- ScoliogmusLoomis, 1941
- ScoterpesCope, 1872
- ScytonotusKoch, 1847
- SelenocheirShelley, 1994
- SeminellogonChamberlin, 1933
- SemionellusChamberlin, 1920
- SierresmusChamberlin, 1943
- SigmocheirChamberlin, 1951
- SigmoriaChamberlin, 1939
- SimiulusChamberlin, 1940
- SiphonacmeCook & Loomis, 1928
- SiphoniulusPocock, 1894
- SiphonocybePocock, 1903
- SiphonophoraBrandt, 1837
- SolaenogonaHoffman, 1950
- SolaenorhabdusHoffman, 1950
- SophiulusChamberlin, 1940
- SpathiulusChamberlin, 1940
- SpeodesmusLoomis, 1939
- SpeoseyaCausey, 1954
- SpeostriariaCausey, 1960
- SphaeriodesmusPeters, 1864
- SpirobolellusPocock, 1894
- StelgipusLoomis, 1944
- StemmiulusGervais, 1844
- StenodesmusDeSaussure, 1859
- StenozoniumShelley, 1998
- StriariaBollman, 1888
- StrongylodesmusDeSaussure, 1859
- StyraxodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- SumideroShear, 1982
- SynecheporusLoomis, 1941
- SynopturaAttems, 1914
- SynthodesmusChamberlin, 1922
- TaiyutylaChamberlin, 1952
- TalamanciaLoomis, 1974
- TancitaresChamberlin, 1942
- TaphrodesmusSilvestri, 1910
- TarascolusChamberlin, 1943
- TeinorhachisLoomis, 1961
- TelsonemasomaEnghoff, 1979
- TeniulusChamberlin, 1951
- TetracionHoffman, 1956
- TexophonChamberlin, 1946
- ThalassisobatesVerhoeff, 1908
- ThrinaxoriaChamberlin & Hoffman, 1950
- ThriniulusChamberlin, 1940
- ThyroproctusPocock, 1894
- TichodesmusChamberlin, 1940
- TidolusChamberlin, 1949
- TiganogonaChamberlin, 1928
- TigoleneChamberlin, 1941
- TingupaChamberlin, 1910
- TirodesmusCook, 1896
- TitsonaChamberlin, 1912
- ToltecolusChamberlin, 1943
- TomodesmusChamberlin, 1918
- TracheloaspisLoomis, 1961
- TrichomerisLoomis, 1943
- TrichomorphaSilvestri, 1897
- TrichopetalumHarger, 1872
- TridereCook & Loomis, 1938
- TridesmusCook, 1896
- TridontomusLoomis & Hoffman, 1962
- TrigenotylaCausey, 1951
- TrigoniulusPocock, 1894
- TubapheCausey, 1954
- TuniulusChamberlin, 1940
- TunodesmusChamberlin, 1922
- TylobolusCook, 1904
- TylogoneusCausey, 1973
- TynommaLoomis, 1937
- TyphlobolellusHoffman, 1969
- UnculabesCausey, 1971
- UnderwoodiaCook & Collins, 1895
- UroblaniulusAttems, 1901
- UrochordeumaSilvestri, 1913
- UtadesmusChamberlin & Hoffman, 1950
- UvaldiaLoomis, 1968
- VaferiaCausey, 1958
- VasingtonaChamberlin, 1941
- VirgoiulusEnghoff, 1984
- WamokiaChamberlin, 1941
- WatichelusChamberlin, 1949
- XenoporusLoomis, 1961
- XystocheirCook, 1904
- YucatobolusChamberlin, 1938
- ZeuctodesmusPocock, 1909
- ZipygeChamberlin, 1925
- ZosteractisLoomis, 1943
Reference
[уреди|уреди извор]- ^абвBrajković, Miloje.Zoologija Invertebrata II deo(prvo изд.). Zavod za udžbenike-Beograd. стр. 229, 230, 231, 232.
- ^Golovatch, Sergei I.; Kime, R. Desmond (2009). "Millipede (Diplopoda) distributions: a review" (PDF). Soil Organisms. 81 (3): 565–597.
- ^Adis, Joachim (1986). "An 'aquatic' millipede from a Central Amazonian inundation forest". Oecologia. 68 (3): 347–349. Bibcode:1986Oecol..68..347A. doi:10.1007/BF01036737.
- ^Burrows, F. J.; Hales, D. F.; Beattie, A. J. (1994). "Aquatic millipedes in Australia: a biological Enigma and a conservation saga". Australian Zoologist. 29 (3–4): 213–216. doi:10.7882/az.1994.007.
- ^Barber, A. D., ed. (2013). "World Database of Littoral Myriapoda". World Register of Marine Species. Приступљено 25 October 2013.
Spoljašnje veze
[уреди|уреди извор]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
- Milli-PEET: The Class Diplopoda– The Field Museum, Chicago
- Millipedes of AustraliaАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(27. јун 2018)
- Diplopoda: Guide to New Zealand Soil InvertebratesАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(13. мај 2020) – Massey University
- SysMyr, a myriapod taxonomy databaseАрхивиранона сајтуWayback Machine(25. април 2020)
- British Myriapod & Isopod Group