Kimelea

Matitiriwanaoishi juu yabuina kumnyonya.

Kimelea(pia:kidusia;kwaKiingerezaparasite) nikiumbehaiambaye anaishi ndani au juu ya kiumbehai mwingine waspishitofauti na kupatavirutubishikutokana namwiliwa kiumbe huyo, ambaye kwa kawaida ni mkubwa zaidi, bila kumpa kiumbe mwenyeji faida yoyote. Kinyume chake, mara nyingi analeta hasara au kusababishaugonjwa.

Vimelea vingi ni vidogo sana vikiishi ndani yawanyamaaubinadamu.

Aina za vimelea

Vimelea vingine ni vikubwa kiasi cha kuonekana kwajicho:

• minyooinayoishi ndani yautumbokamamategunanematodinyingine
• chawanavirobotovinavyokaa juu yangozina kunyonyadamu

Vimelea vingine ni vidogo mno, vinaonekana kwahadubinitu:

• bakterianaprotozoanyingine, kwa mfanoplasmodiazinazosababishahomayamalaria
• lavaza minyoo kamaschistosomazinazosababishakichochobaada ya kukua na kuwa minyoo wazima

Vimelea kati ya mimea na wanyama

Kuna pia wanyama wakubwa zaidi wanaotumiambinuza kimelea kwa mfanondegekama vilekekeo,fumbweaukiniliwanaotegamayaikatika matego ya spishi nyingine.

Kuna mimea inayopatalishekwa kutumia moja kwa moja majimaji ya mimea mingine na aina kadhaa kati ya hizi zinaendelea bila kutumiausanisinurukabisa.

Vimelea na wenyeji wao

Vimelea mara nyingi hudhoofisha viumbehai wenyeji wao vinamoishi na vinaweza kusababisha magonjwa; kwa kawaida haviwaui mara moja, maana kimelea kinachomwua mwenyeji wake kitakosa mahali pa kuishi.

Vimelea vingi vinahitaji mazingira ya mwili wa spishi fulani vikiweza kuishi hapo tu.

Vimelea nje ya mwili wa mwenyeji

Vimelea hawa ni kama chawa, kunguni na kupe ambao huishi nje ya mwili wa mwenyeji(ecto-parasites) na hufyonya damu na kutaga mayai juu yake. Huenda wakasambaa kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine. Wao hungojea mwenyeji aje karibu nao ambapo wanamnata na kuanza kumtegemea kwa lishe na pia kwa pahala pa kuzalisha.

Kujisomea

• Zimmer, Carl(2001).Parasite Rex.Free Press.uk. 320.ISBN0-7432-0011-X.
• Combes, Claude(2005).The Art of Being a Parasite.The University of Chicago Press.ku.280.ISBN0-226-11438-4.
• Desowitz, Robert(1998).Who Gave Pinta to the Santa Maria?.Harvest Books. ku.264.ISBN0-15-600585-9.
• Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., Mõtus, M.-A. and Toom, U. (2014)."The earliest bryozoan parasite: Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Osmussaar Island, Estonia".Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology.414:129–132.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.021.Iliwekwa mnamo2014-01-09.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., and Toom, U. (2014)."Earliest rhynchonelliform brachiopod parasite from the Late Ordovician of northern Estonia (Baltica)".Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology.411:42–45.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.028.Iliwekwa mnamo2014-01-09.{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Kimelea

• ParasitismArchived18 Januari 2012 at theWayback Machine.—Knol
• Toxoplasmosis
• Parasitology Parasites ZoonosesArchived28 Agosti 2017 at theWayback Machine.—(Polish/English) over 50 movies (Filmoteka) and over 250 photos (Fotogaleria/Photogallery) with human and animal parasites.
• Aberystwyth University: ParasitologyArchived1 Agosti 2011 at theWayback Machine.—class outline with links to full text articles on parasitism and parasitology.
• KSU: Parasitology Research—parasitology articles and links.
• Medical Parasitology—online textbook.
• Division of Parasitic Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• VCU Virtual Parasite Project—Virtual Parasite Project at Virginia Commonwealth University's Center for the Study of Biological Complexity
• Parasites WorldArchived3 Agosti 2019 at theWayback Machine.—Parasites articles and links.
• Parasitic and Parasitoid Alien Species in Science Fiction Movies
• Toxoplasma gondii in the Subarctic and Arctic

Makala hii kuhusu mambo yabiolojiabado nimbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusuKimeleakama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.